Non-coding RNAs in acute ischemic stroke:from brain to periphery

Acute ischemic stroke is a clinical emergency and a condition with high morbidity,mortality,and disability.Accurate predictive,diagnostic,and prognostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for acute ischemic stroke remain undetermined.With innovations in high-throughput gene sequencing analysis,many aberrantly expressed non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)in the brain and peripheral blood after acute ischemic stroke have been found in clinical samples and experimental models.Differentially expressed ncRNAs in the post-stroke brain were demonstrated to play vital roles in pathological processes,leading to neuroprotection or deterioration,thus ncRNAs can serve as therapeutic targets in acute ischemic stroke.Moreover,distinctly expressed ncRNAs in the peripheral blood can be used as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.In particular,ncRNAs in peripheral immune cells were recently shown to be involved in the peripheral and brain immune response after acute ischemic stroke.In this review,we consolidate the latest progress of research into the roles of ncRNAs(microRNAs,long ncRNAs,and circular RNAs)in the pathological processes of acute ischemic stroke–induced brain damage,as well as the potential of these ncRNAs to act as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.Findings from this review will provide novel ideas for the clinical application of ncRNAs in acute ischemic stroke.

The Alzheimer's disease-associated gene TREML2 modulates inflammation by regulating microglia polarization and NLRP3 inflammasome activation

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-like 2(TREML2)is a newly identified susceptibility gene for Alzheimer's disease(AD).It encodes a microglial inflammation-associated receptor.To date,the potential role of mic roglial TREML2 in neuroinflammation in the context of AD remains unclear.In this study,APP/PS1 mice were used to investigate the dynamic changes of TREML2 levels in brain during AD progression.In addition,lipopolysaccharide(LPS)stimulation of primary microglia as well as a lentivirus-mediated TREML2 overexpression and knockdown were employed to explore the role of TREML2 in neuroinflammation in the context of AD.Our res ults show that TREML2 levels gradually increased in the brains of AP P/PS1 mice during disease progression.LPS stimulation of primary microglia led to the release of inflammato ry cytokines including interleukin-1β,inte rleukin-6,and tumor necrosis factor-a in the culture medium.The LPS-induced mic roglial release of inflammatory cytokines was enhanced by TREML2 overexpression and was attenuated by TREML2 knoc kdown.LPS increased the levels of mic roglial M1-type polarization marker inducible nitric oxide synthase.This effect was enhanced by TREML2 overexpression and ameliorated by TREML2 knockdown.Furthermore,the levels of microglial M2-type polarization markers CD206 and ARG1 in the primary microglia were reduced by TREML2 overexpression and elevated by TREML2 knockdown.LPS stimulation increased the levels of NLRP3 in primary microglia.The LPS-induced increase in NLRP3 was further elevated by TREML2 overexpression and alleviated by TREML2 knockdown.In summary,this study provides the first evidence that TREML2 modulates inflammation by regulating microglial polarization and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.These findings reveal the mechanisms by which TREML2 regulates microglial inflammation and suggest that TREML2 inhibition may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for AD.

Lamotrigine protects against cognitive deficits,synapse and nerve cell damage,and hallmark neuropathologies in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Lamotrigine(LTG)is a widely used drug for the treatment of epilepsy.Emerging clinical evidence suggests that LTG may improve cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.In this study,amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1(APP/PS1)double transgenic mice were used as a model of Alzheimer’s disease.Five-month-old APP/PS1 mice were intragastrically administered 30 mg/kg LTG or vehicle once per day for 3 successive months.The cognitive functions of animals were assessed using Morris water maze.Hyperphosphorylated tau and markers of synapse and glial cells were detected by western blot assay.The cell damage in the brain was investigated using hematoxylin and eosin staining.The levels of amyloid-βand the concentrations of interleukin-1β,interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-αin the brain were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Differentially expressed genes in the brain after LTG treatment were analyzed by high-throughput RNA sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction.We found that LTG substantially improved spatial cognitive deficits of APP/PS1 mice;alleviated damage to synapses and nerve cells in the brain;and reduced amyloid-βlevels,tau protein hyperphosphorylation,and inflammatory responses.High-throughput RNA sequencing revealed that the beneficial effects of LTG on Alzheimer’s disease-related neuropathologies may have been mediated by the regulation of Ptgds,Cd74,Map3k1,Fosb,and Spp1 expression in the brain.These findings revealed potential molecular mechanisms by which LTG treatment improved Alzheimer’s disease.Furthermore,these data indicate that LTG may be a promising therapeutic drug for Alzheimer’s disease.

银翘蒲黄散对奶山羊的安全性试验

为确定银翘蒲黄散用于奶山羊的安全剂量和安全性,为合理用药提供依据。选取40只奶山羊随机分为4组,每组10只,分别为1倍推荐剂量组、3倍推荐剂量组、5倍推荐剂量组和空白对照组,连续灌服给药3 d,每日1次。观察给药前后奶山羊的精神状态、饮食及粪尿情况,并分别检测给药3 d、7 d后奶山羊的呼吸、心率、体温、血常规及血清生化指标。结果表明,奶山羊灌服银翘蒲黄散后,临床表现未见明显异常,血常规指标在1倍、3倍和5倍推荐剂量组与空白对照组相比较差异不显著(P>0.05)。但是5倍剂量组奶山羊的血清生化指标和空白对照组相比较显著升高(P<0.05)。表明银翘蒲黄散在临床上以1~3倍推荐剂量对奶山羊具有良好的安全性。

Effect of Flow Directions on Multiphase Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Enhanced by Suspending Particles in a Circulating Evaporation System

A circulating fluidized bed evaporator(including down-flow, horizontal, and up-flow beds) was constructed to study the effect of flow directions on multiphase flow boiling heat transfer. A range of experimental investigations were carried out by varying amount of added particles(0-2%), circulation flow rate(2.15-5.16 m^3/h) and heat flux(8-16 kW/m^2). The comparison of heat transfer performance in different vertical heights of the horizontal bed was also discussed. Results reveal that the glass bead particle can enhance heat transfer compared with vapor-liquid two-phase flow for all beds. At a low heat flux(q = 8 kW/m), the heat-transfer-enhancing factor of the horizontal bed is obviously greater than those of the up-flow and down-flow beds. With the increase in the amount of added particles, the heat-transfer-enhancing factors of the up-flow and down-flow beds increase, whereas that of the horizontal bed initially increases and then decreases. However, at a high heat flux(q=16 kW/m), the heat-transfer-enhancing factors of the three beds show an increasing tendency with the increase in the amount of added particles and become closer than those at a low heat flux. For all beds, the heat-transfer-enhancing factor generally increases with the circulation flow rate but decreases with the increase in heat flux.

应用于移动通信微基站的宽带Doherty功率放大器

设计了一款应用于移动通信微基站的宽带Doherty功率放大器DPA(Doherty Power Amplifier,),工作频段为3.4 GHz^3.6 GHz。同时,将Chebyshev低通滤波器形式的阻抗变换网络设计的宽带匹配电路应用于DPA的匹配电路中。设计中采用Agilent公司的先进设计系统软件ADS(Advanced Designed System),主、辅功放均选取Cree公司型号为CGH40010F的GaN晶体管。仿真结果表明,设计的DPA在工作频段内饱和的输出功率及漏极效率均超过43 dBm及68%,功率回退6dB范围内漏极效率为44%~51%。实测结果表明,功率回退6 dB范围内漏极效率为26%~39%,最大饱和漏极效率为51%。

蕨类植物吸收磷、砷和锑的机理研究

为了探讨蕨类植物吸收磷、砷、锑的机理,以蕨类植物井栏边草、鸟巢蕨和波士顿蕨为试验材料,通过ICP-MS和分光光度计测定蕨类植物对营养元素磷及重金属元素砷、锑的吸收及其在植物体内的含量分布。结果表明:蕨类植物吸收磷的机理均为从根部吸收磷,通过茎输送到叶,在叶片中累积,并且井栏边草更具有富集作用。

Intestinal gangrene secondary to congenital transmesenteric hernia in a child misdiagnosed with gastrointestinal bleeding: A case report

BACKGROUND Congenital transmesenteric hernia in children is a rare and potentially fatal form of internal abdominal hernia,and no specific clinical symptoms can be observed preoperatively.Therefore,this condition is not widely known among clinicians,and it is easily misdiagnosed,resulting in disastrous effects.CASE SUMMARY This report presents the case of a 13-year-old boy with a chief complaint of abdominal pain and vomiting and a history of duodenal ulcer.The patient was misdiagnosed with gastrointestinal bleeding and treated conservatively at first.Then,the patient’s symptoms were aggravated and he presented in a shock-like state.Computed tomography revealed a suspected internal hernia,extensive small intestinal obstruction,and massive effusion in the abdominal and pelvic cavity.Intraoperative exploration found a small mesenteric defect approximately 3.5 cm in diameter near the ileocecal valve,and there was about 1.8 m of herniated small intestine that was treated by resection and anastomosis.The patient recovered well and was followed for more than 5 years without developing short bowel syndrome.CONCLUSION In this report,we review the pathogenesis,presentation,diagnosis,and treatment of congenital transmesenteric hernia in children.

Semipolar(1122) and polar(0001) InGaN grown on sapphire substrate by using pulsed metal organic chemical vapor deposition

High indium semipolar（1122） and polar（0001） In Ga N layers each with a thickness of about 100 nm are realized simultaneously on sapphire substrates by pulsed metal organic chemical vapor deposition（MOCVD）. The morphology evolution, structural and optical characteristics are also studied. The indium content in the layer of the surface（1122）is larger than that of the surface（0001）, which is confirmed by reciprocal space map, photoluminescence spectrum and secondary ion mass spectrometer. Additionally, the（0001） surface with island-like morphology shows inhomogeneous indium incorporation, while the（1122） surface with a spiral-like morphology shows a better homogeneous In composition.This feature is also demonstrated by the monochromatic cathodoluminescence map.

Polar Dependence of Threading Dislocation Density in GaN Films Grown by Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition

We investigate the threading dislocation(TD)density in N-polar and Ga-polar GaN films grown on sapphire substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition.X-ray diffraction results reveal that the proportion of screw type TDs in N-polar GaN is much larger and the proportion of edge type TDs is much smaller than that in Ga-polar.Transmission electron microscope results show that the interface between the AlN nucleation layer and the GaN layer in N-polar films is smoother than that in Ga-polar films,which suggests different growth modes of GaN.This observation explains the encountered difference in screw and edge TD density.A model is proposed to explain this phenomenon.

单倍体育种技术研究进展及其在苜蓿等豆科牧草中的应用

双单倍体育种通过单倍体诱导与加倍技术相结合实现遗传材料的快速纯合,显著加快纯系的选育进程和效率,是农业生物育种中的共性关键技术。该文简要回顾了诱导植物单倍体产生和染色体加倍的相关方法及研究进展,重点介绍了新近发展的基因编辑介导的体内单倍体诱导技术,并对单倍体育种技术在紫花苜蓿(Medicagosativa)等豆科牧草中的应用进行了探讨和展望。

Synchronized output regulation of switching networks based on synchronization observer

This paper studies the synchronized output regulation （SOR） problem of networked dynamic systems with switching topology that is uniformly connected and leader-rooted. In these networked systems, the tracked signal or the rejected disturbance is generated by the same exosystem, and however, the state of the exosystem is only available for leader nodes. First, a synchronization observer of the exosystem is proposed in this paper to overcome the difficulty caused by the unavailable state of the exosystem for follower nodes with directed switching information flow. It is shown that the observer state will synchronize to the state of the exosystem. Then, two feedback controllers based on decentralized dynamic error and state are presented to solve this SOR problem. Furthermore, the main idea in this paper will provide a promising way for realizing the multirobot systems＇ tracking and formation requirement. Numerical simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.