Main controlling factors and enrichment area evaluation of shale gas of the Lower Paleozoic marine strata in south China

The Lower Paleozoic shale in south China has a very high maturity and experienced strong tectonic defor- mation. This character is quite different from the North America shale and has inhibited the shale gas evaluation and exploration in this area. The present paper reports a com- prehensive investigation of maturity, reservoir properties, fluid pressure, gas content, preservation conditions, and other relevant aspects of the Lower Paleozoic shale from the Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas. It is found that within the main maturity range （2.5 % 〈 EqRo 〈 3.5 %） of the shale, its porosity develops well, having a positive cor- relation with the TOC content, and its gas content is con- trolled mainly by the preservation conditions related to the tectonic deformation, but shale with a super high maturity （EqRo 〉 3.5 %） is considered a high risk for shale gas exploration. Taking the southern area of the Sichuan Basin and the southeastern area of Chongqing as examples of uplifted/folded and faulted/folded areas, respectively, geo- logical models of shale gas content and loss were proposed. For the uplifted/folded area with a simple tectonic defor- mation, the shale system （with a depth 〉 2000 m） has lar- gely retained overpressure during uplifting without a great loss of gas, and an industrial shale gas potential is generally possible. However, for the faulted/folded area with a strong tectonic deformation, the sealing condition of the shale system was usually destroyed to a certain degree with a great loss of free gas, which decreased the pressure coefficient and resulted in a low production capacity. It is predicted that the deeply buried shale （〉3000 m） has a greater gas potential and will become the focus for further exploration and development in most of the south China region （outside the Sichuan Basin）.

Study on the role of Cathepsin B and JNK signaling pathway in the development of cerebral aneurysm

Objective: To investigate the correlation between JNK signal and the apoptosis of VSMC as well as the expression of Cathepsin B and to explore the role of JNK signal in the development of cerebral aneurysm. Methods: Rat models of cerebral aneurysm were established and histopathologic changes of cerebral aneurysm and the apoptosis of VSMC were analyzed. Rat models were respectively subject to subcutaneous injection of Cathepsin B si RNA and JNK inhibitor SP600125. Western blot technique was used to detect the expression of proteins like Cathepsin B, Caspase-3, and p-JNK. Spearman's rho was used to examine the correlation between p-JNK and Cathepsin B, as well as the expression of relevant proteins. Results:The success rate of modeling rats with cerebral aneurysm was 88.75%. After the respective injection of Cathepsin B si RNA, SP600125 and their combination, the cell densities of VSMC of rats with cerebral aneurysm all increased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01), but the apoptosis rate of VSMC decreased significantly(P<0.01). Compared with normal rats, the expression of Cathepsin B, Caspase-3 and p-JNK in cerebral aneurysm models increased significantly. Effectively intervening Cathepsin B genes with Cathepsin B si RNA could significantly inhibit the expression of Cathepsin B and Caspase-3, but hardly influence the expression of p-JNK. JNK inhibitor SP600125 had no influence on the expression of Cathepsin B and Caspase-3, but effectively inhibited the expression of p-JNK. In cerebral aneurysm tissues, positive correlation was observed between the expression of p-JNK and Cathepsin B, the correlation coefficient was r=0.640. Conclusion: After the attack of cerebral aneurysm, proteins like Cathepsin B, Caspase-3 and p-JNK are all involved in the apoptosis of VSMCs. This process may be realized by Cathepsin B which activates the apoptosis mechanism of Caspase-3 and mediate the apoptosis of VSMC through the JNK signaling pathway. Therefore, silencing Cathepsin B gene or inhibiting the conduction through JNK signaling pathway can mitigate the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells in cerebral aneurysm.

不同城市道路工况下重型商用车侧风气动特性研究

依托动网格技术,并采用局部节点位移方式,研究城市道路方案分别为重型商用车经过位于其背风侧的单个建筑物、经过位于其迎风侧的单个建筑物和连续经过位于其迎风侧的2个建筑物3种情况下的瞬态气动特性。方案中网格节点位移速度即重型商用车行驶速度定为15 ms,侧风速度为10 m/s。结果显示,建筑物对重型商用车瞬态气动特性的影响较为明显,行驶过程中侧向力系数与横摆力矩系数在1 s内变化值达到5.0之多,相应的侧向力和横摆力矩变化值约为12 kN和30 kN·m,变化率峰值可达-12kN·s^-1和35 kN·m·s^-1,并且方向在行驶过程中发生改变。

温度诱导相变对黄铜矿生物浸出的影响（英文）

研究黄铜矿的相变及其相态对细菌浸出的影响。在高纯氩气的保护下,将天然黄铜矿加热到不同的温度(203、382和552℃)以完成相变。并将黄铜矿在相变前后进行生物浸出实验。结果表明,在203℃和382℃加热的黄铜矿仍处于α相区,而在552℃下黄铜矿由α相转变为β相,3种不同温度相变后的黄铜矿的浸出率分别为32.9%、40.5%和60.95%。黄铜矿晶格增大、晶格能降低,这是浸出率显著提高的根本原因。电化学实验表明,随着退火温度的升高,极化电阻降低,腐蚀电流密度增加;黄铜矿的氧化率越高,浸出率就越高。

Novel method for esophagojejunal anastomosis after laparoscopic total gastrectomy:Semi-end-to-end anastomosis

AIM: To test a new safe and simple technique for circular-stapled esophagojejunostomy in laparoscopic total gastrectomy(LATG). METHODS: We selected 26 patients with gastric cancer who underwent LATG and Roux-en-Y gastrointestinal reconstruction with semi-end-to-end esophagojejunal anastomosis. RESULTS: LATG with semi-end-to-end esophagojejunal anastomosis was successfully performed in all 26 patients. The average operation time was 257 ± 36 min, with an average anastomosis time of 51 ± 17 min and an average intraoperative blood loss of 88 ± 46 mL. The average postoperative hospital stay was 8 ± 3 d. There were no complications and no mortality in this series.CONCLUSION: The application of semi-end-to-end esophagojejunal anastomosis after LATG is a safe and feasible procedure, which can be easily performed and has a short operation time in terms of anastomosis.

Terahertz polarization conversion and sensing with double-layer chiral metasurface

The terahertz(THz)resonance,chirality,and polarization conversion properties of a double-layer chiral metasurface have been experimentally investigated by THz time domain spectroscopy system and polarization detection method.The special symmetric geometry of each unit cell with its adjacent cells makes a strong chiral electromagnetic response in this metasurface,which leads to a strong polarization conversion effect.Moreover,compared with the traditional THz transmission resonance sensing for film thickness,the polarization sensing characterized by polarization elliptical angle(PEA)and polarization rotation angle(PRA)shows a better Q factor and figure of merit(FoM).The results show that the Q factors of the PEA and PRA reach 43.8 and 49.1 when the interval film is 20µm,while the Q factor of THz resonance sensing is only 10.6.And these PEA and PRA can play a complementary role to obtain a double-parameter sensing method with a higher FoM,over 4 times than that of resonance sensing.This chiral metasurface and its polarization sensing method provide new ideas for the development of high-efficiency THz polarization manipulation,and open a window to the high sensitive sensing by using THz polarization spectroscopy.

Synergy stent for treating unprotected left main stenosis with the large reference vessel diameter

For many years,unprotected left main stenosis(ULMS)has been remained as the forbidden fruit of interventional cardiology.However,with the remarkable improvement in medical device technology,procedural techniques and antithrombotic agents during the last decades,percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)with stenting for ULMS has become technically feasible and has exhibited favorable clinical outcomes.

Antidepressant-like effects and memory enhancement of a herbal formula in mice exposed to chronic mild stress

Shen Yuan Gan（SYG） is a Chinese herbal prescription composed of total saponins of Panax ginseng and total oligosaccharide esters of Polygala tenuifolia（2：1）.Our previous studies have demonstrated that SYG has antidepressant-like effects in various mouse models of behavioral depression.The present study aimed to test whether SYG affected chronic mild stress（CMS）-induced depression and cognitive impairment in mice.We found that a 5-week CMS schedule induced significant degradation of the coat state,decreased sucrose intake in the sucrose-preference test,and increased the latency to feed in the noveltysuppressed feeding test.All of these CMS-induced changes were ameliorated by SYG（100 and 200 mg/kg） and fluoxetine（10 mg/kg）.In addition,SYG restored the decreased monoamine neurotransmitter concentrations（serotonin,dopamine,norepinephrine and acetylcholine） induced by CMS in the prefrontal cortex.Interestingly,SYG ameliorated CMS-induced cognitive impairment in the step-through test,and increased the acetylcholine level in the prefrontal cortex.These results suggest that SYG has an antidepressant-like action and enhances cognition by modulating the serotonin,dopamine,norepinephrine,and acetylcholine levels in the prefrontal cortex.

A sensitive and validated LC-MS/MS method for high-throughput determination of pomalidomide in human plasma and pharmacokinetic studies

Pomalidomide is an immunomodulatory agent (IMiD) that has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical treatment of patients with multiple myeloma.In this work,we developed a sensitive and validated LC-MS/MS method for high-throughput determination of pomalidomide over the range of 1.006-100.6 ng/mL(R^(2)=0.9991) in human plasma and pharmacokinetic studies.A liquid-liquid extraction method using ethyl acetate was applied to extract pomalidomide and afatinib (as an internal standard,IS) from human plasma.Chromatographic separation was performed on a Hedera ODS column (150 mm×2.1 mm,5μm) with security guard C18 column (4 mm×2.0 mm) at 40℃.Methanol and 10 mmol/L aqueous solution of ammonium acetate containing 0.1%formic acid were used as a gradient elution mobile phase,and the flow rate was 0.4 mL/min.A triple quadruple tandem mass spectrometer using multiplex reaction monitoring mode (MRM) with electrospray ionization (ESI) positive ionization was employed.The precursor to product ion transitions for the quantitative analysis of pomalidomide and the IS were m/z 274.2→163.1 and m/z 486.1→371.1,respectively.This established method has been validated according to regulatory guideline,and the results were all within the acceptance criteria.The validated LC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to analyze samples obtained from clinical pharmacokinetics study after oral administration of pomalidomide (4 mg) capsules in human.

Recent advances and perspective in metal coordination materialsbased electrode materials for potassium-ion batteries

Recently,to ameliorate the forthcoming energy crisis,sustainable energy conversion and storage devices have been extensively investigated.Potassium-ion batteries(KIBs)have aroused widespread attention in these very active research applications due to their earth abundance and similar low redox potential compared to Li-ion batteries(LIBs).It is critical to develop electrode materials with large ion diffusion channels and robust structures for long cycling performance in KIBs.Metal coordination materials,including metal-organic frameworks,Prussian blue,and Prussian blue analogue,as well as their composites and derivatives,are known as promising materials for high-performance KIBs due to their open frameworks,large interstitial voids,functionality and tailorability.In this review,we give an overview of the recent advances on the application of metal coordination materials in KIBs.In addition,the methods to enhance their K-ion storage properties are summarized and discussed,such as morphology engineering,doping,as well as compositing with other materials.Ultimately,some prospects for future research of metal coordination materials for KIBs are also proposed.