Research progress on venous thrombosis development in patients with malignant tumors

The coexistence of venous thromboembolism(VTE)within patients with cancer,known as cancer-associated thrombosis(CAT),stands as a prominent cause of mortality in this population.Over recent years,the incidence of VTE has demonstrated a steady increase across diverse tumor types,influenced by several factors such as patient management,tumor-specific risks,and treatment-related aspects.Furthermore,mutations in specific genes have been identified as potential contributors to increased CAT occurrence in particular cancer subtypes.We conducted an extensive review encompassing pivotal historical and ongoing studies on CAT.This review elucidates the risks,mechanisms,reliable markers,and risk assessment methodologies that can significantly guide effective interventions in clinical practice.

1例EGFR L747S和L858R双突变肺腺癌患者的治疗

表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)突变中最常见的突变是外显子19缺失突变和外显子21 L858R突变,这两种突变都对EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors,EGFR-TKIs)有非常好的响应性。然而,EGFR-TKIs对罕见EGFR突变的疗效尚有争议。在治疗过程中,许多患者最终也会对EGFR-TKIs产生耐药性。此外,对于对奥希替尼产生耐药性的患者,特别是那些具有罕见或复杂突变的患者,仍然没有标准的治疗方案。本文介绍了1例具有EGFR L747S和L858R双突变的肺腺癌患者,该患者在出现奥希替尼耐药后接受帕博利珠单抗联合化疗治疗有效,且无疾病进展生存期为13个月。这是国内外首例在携带EGFR L747S和L858R双突变的肺腺癌患者对奥希替尼耐药之后使用帕博利珠单抗免疫治疗联合化疗的报道,本案例可为具有类似罕见突变患者的治疗提供参考。

免疫检查点抑制剂致免疫性肌炎及周围神经病1例

本文分析了1例特瑞普利单抗致免疫性肌炎与周围神经病的晚期肝门部胆管癌患者的诊治过程,并结合免疫检查点抑制剂相关文献,对其临床特征和诊疗原则进行总结。在应用抗肿瘤免疫治疗时,临床医师需严密监测患者相关指标,警惕免疫相关不良反应的发生,以期早诊断和早干预。停用免疫治疗、使用糖皮质激素和/或免疫抑制剂治疗对免疫相关不良事件患者的预后至关重要。

Reflection-based traveltime and waveform inversion with second-order optimization

Reflection-based inversion that aims to reconstruct the low-to-intermediate wavenumbers of the subsurface model, can be a complementary to refraction-data-driven full-waveform inversion(FWI), especially for the deep target area where diving waves cannot be acquired at the surface. Nevertheless, as a typical nonlinear inverse problem, reflection waveform inversion may easily suffer from the cycleskipping issue and have a slow convergence rate, if gradient-based first-order optimization methods are used. To improve the accuracy and convergence rate, we introduce the Hessian operator into reflection traveltime inversion(RTI) and reflection waveform inversion(RWI) in the framework of second-order optimization. A practical two-stage workflow is proposed to build the velocity model, in which Gauss-Newton RTI is first applied to mitigate the cycle-skipping problem and then Gauss-Newton RWI is employed to enhance the model resolution. To make the Gauss-Newton iterations more efficiently and robustly for large-scale applications, we introduce proper preconditioning for the Hessian matrix and design appropriate strategies to reduce the computational costs. The example of a real dataset from East China Sea demonstrates that the cascaded Hessian-based RTI and RWI have good potential to improve velocity model building and seismic imaging, especially for the deep targets.

Processes and causes of Phanerozoic tectonic evolution of the western Tarim Basin,northwest China

This paper addresses the Phanerozoic tectonic evolution of the western Tarim Basin based on an integrated stratigraphic,structural and tectonic analysis.P-wave velocity data show that the basin has a stable and rigid basement.The western Tarim Basin experienced a complex tectonic evolutionary history,and this evolution can be divided into six stages:Neoproterozoic to Early Ordovician,Middle Ordovician to Middle Devonian,Late Devonian to Permian,Triassic,Jurassic to Cretaceous and Paleogene to Quaternary.The western Tarim Basin was a rift basin in the Neoproterozoic to Early Ordovician.From the Middle Ordovician to Middle Devonian,the basin consisted of a flexural depression in the south and a depression that changed from a rift depression to a flexural depression in the north during each period,i.e.,the Middle-Late Ordovician and the Silurian to Middle Devonian.During the Late Devonian to Permian,the basin was a depression basin early and then changed into a flexural basin late in each period,i.e.,the Late Devonian to Carboniferous and the Permian.In the Triassic,the basin was a foreland basin,and from the Jurassic to Cretaceous,it was a downwarped basin.After the Paleogene,the basin became a rejuvenated foreland basin.Based on two cross sections,we conclude that the extension and shortening in the profile reflect the tectonic evolution of the Tarim Basin.The Tarim Basin has become a composite and superimposed sedimentary basin because of its long-term and complicated tectonic evolutionary history,highly rigid and stable basement and large size.

Dark NoC: Hurdling the Power and Temperature Budgets from Communication Perspective

Among the components on a many-core chip, network-on-chip （NoC） has already contributed a large portion to overall power consumption. Optimizing NoC performance under a given power budget is further complicated to keep the network connectivity and minimize the detour distances. In this paper, a NoC power budgeting method from the communication perspective is proposed, which intelligently powers off routers/iinks and sets up alternative paths to restrict the power and thermal envelop. The effect of performance optimizaion of the proposed power budgeting mothod is measured based on latency and in the given power budget, 22% latency can be reduced averagely compared with some competing methods when running real benchmarks.

pH-dependent corrosion initiation behavior induced by inclusions of low alloy steel in simulated marine environments

The initial pitting corrosion behavior triggered by inclusions in S420 low alloy steel in acidic artificial seawater(ASW)and weak-alkaline ASW was characterized.The geometric data of the corrosion pits formed in the ASW with different pH were calculated.The pH of the ASW has an obvious influence on the pit shape.The pits in acidic ASW exhibit a funnel shape,while those in weak-alkaline ASW present a cone shape with a larger pit volume.The reason for the difference in the morphology and size of the corrosion pits induced by inclusion is that it is easier to trigger micro-galvanic corrosion in different structures and different areas of the pits in the acidic environment.

Binding energies of proton-rich nuclei determined from their mirror pairs

In addition to the Coulomb displacement energy,the residual differences between the binding energies of mirror nuclei(a pair of nuclei with the same mass number plus interchanged proton and neutron numbers)contribute to the shell effect via the valence scheme in this study.To this end,one linear combining type of valence nucleon number,namely,αNp+βNn,is chosen to tackle this shell correction,in which Npand Nnare the valence proton and neutron numbers with respect to the nearest shell closure,respectively.The mass differences of mirror nuclei,as the sum of the empirical Coulomb displacement energy and shell effect correction,are then used to obtain the binding energies of proton-rich nuclei through the available data of their mirror partners to explore the proton dripline of the nuclear chart.

季节性冻土区光伏支架螺旋桩抗冻拔试验研究（英文）

目的:基于相似性原理,模拟实际工况中的降温冻结过程;通过室内试验确定最优桩型,并推导冻拔量与冻深的定量关系。创新点:1.进行季节性冻土区螺旋桩的自由冻胀试验;2.根据相似性原理,在室内试验过程中调整冷端温度与几何尺寸以缩短冻结时间;3.推导得到6种桩型冻拔量与冻结深度的定量关系。方法:1.通过相似性原理确定试验条件,模拟实际工况中的降温冻结过程;2.观测此过程中5种螺旋桩型的温度场、冻拔量和土压力随时间的变化规律,并设置一组光滑桩作为对比;3.根据冻拔量大小选取最优桩型,并推导冻拔量与冻深的定量关系。结论:1.螺旋桩冻拔量小于光滑桩,验证了螺旋桩抗冻拔的有效性;采用不同土样有相同规律。2.冻深达到0.9 m的季冻区,双螺旋大叶片桩抗冻拔效果最好;螺旋叶片建议设置在非冻区;冻拔量大小关系为:双螺旋大叶片桩<半螺旋大叶片桩<半螺旋小叶片桩<双螺旋小叶片桩<全螺旋桩<光滑桩。3.得到6种桩型冻拔量与冻深的线性关系。4.土中水开始冻结时土压力增大,含冰量稳定后土压力变化很小。

Shaking table tests on a cantilever retaining wall with reinforced and unreinforced backfill

Physical modelling of cantilever retaining walls with and without backfill reinforcement was conducted on a 1g shaking table to evaluate the mitigation effect of reinforcement on system dynamics(g denotes the acceleration of gravity).The model wall has a height of 1.5 m with a scale ratio of 1/4 and retains dry sand throughout.The input motions are amplified to three levels of input peak base acceleration,0.11g,0.24g,and 0.39g,corresponding to minor,moderate,and major earthquakes,respectively.Investigation of the seismic response of the retaining walls focuses on acceleration and lateral displacement of the wall and backfill,dynamic earth pressures,and tensile load in the reinforcements(modeled by phosphor-bronze strips welded into a mesh).The inclusion of reinforcement has been observed to improve the integrity of the wall-soil system,mitigate vibration-related damage,and reduce the fundamental frequency of a reinforced system.Propagation of acceleration from the base to the upper portion is accompanied by time delay and nonlinear amplification.A reinforced system with a lower acceleration amplification factor than the unreinforced one indicates that reinforcement can reduce the amplification effect of input motion.Under minor and moderate earthquake loadings,reinforcement allows the inertia force and seismic earth pressure to be asynchronous and decreases the seismic earth pressure when inertia forces peak.During major earthquake loading,the wall is displaced horizontally less than the backfill,with soil pushing the wall substantially;the effect of backfill reinforcement has not been fully mobilized.The dynamic earth pressure is large at the top and diminishes toward the bottom.