空军招飞体检中健康青少年人群视网膜非压迫变白分布规律

目的:初步探究视网膜非压迫变白(white without pressure,WWOP)在健康青少年人群中的分布规律,为空军招飞和健康体检提供理论支持。方法:选取参加2018年空军招收飞行学员医学选拔的高中毕业学员461名和青少年航校入校选拔的初中毕业学员71名作为研究对象。利用超广角激光眼底扫描系统配合直接眼底镜及三面镜检查,对WWOP等眼底病变进行筛查。结果:本研究纳入的健康青少年人群中WWOP检出率高达2. 63%,初中毕业和高中毕业学员WWOP检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05)。本研究检出的WWOP病变以颞侧象限为主,尤其以颞下象限多见。高中毕业学员存在WWOP的眼合并其它周边部视网膜变性的比例高达18. 18%,较无WWOP眼显著增高。结论:WWOP在健康青少年人群中并不罕见,病变以颞侧多见,病变区域内合并其它视网膜变性的比例显著增高,体检过程中发现WWOP体征时需对周边视网膜进行仔细检查,避免漏诊、误诊。

Relative peripheral refraction and its role in myopia onset in teenage students

AIM:To characterize peripheral refraction and its relationship with myopia development in a selected group of male teenage Chinese students.METHODS:This 2-year prospective cohort study randomly enrolled 85 non-myopic boys(age,14-16 y)from the Experimental Class of Air Force in China.Cycloplegic peripheral refraction was examined at 0°,±10°,and±20°along the horizontal visual field in the right eye at the baseline and 2-year follow-up.RESULTS:The incidence of myopia at the 2-year followup was 15.29%(13/85).The baseline central refraction(CR)and peripheral refraction at±10°were significantly lower in students who developed myopia than in those who did not(P<0.05).Relative peripheral refraction(RPR)did not differ between students with and without myopia(P>0.05).At the 2-year follow-up,the RPR at±10°and 20°nasal was significantly more hyperopic in the myopic group than in the non-myopic group.Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the change in CR was significantly correlated with the changes in RPR at 20°nasal,10°nasal,and 20°temporal.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that the baseline CR[odds ratio(OR):0.092,95%confidence interval(CI):0.012-0.688,P=0.020]and the baseline RPR at 10°nasal(OR:0.182,95%CI:0.042-0.799,P=0.024)were significantly correlated with incident myopia(Omnibus test,χ=10.20,P=0.006).CONCLUSION:CR change is significantly correlated with changes in RPR,and students who develop myopia have more relative peripheral hyperopia.More baseline CR and relative peripheral hyperopia at 10°nasal are protective of myopia onset.

Scientific publications in andrology journals from Chinese authors in various parts of East Asia： a 10-year survey of the literature

Dear Editor, Diseases of the genitourinary system were the fifth most common disease of inpatients in Chinese city hospitals in 2011 （6.0%）.1 Andrology in China has grown rapidly within the last decade, however, little is known about the scientific publications by Chinese authors in andrology. We, therefore, sought to reveal the contributions of Chinese authors in three major regions of China-the Mainland （ML）, Taiwan （TW）, and Hong Kong （HK）-to the research in the fields of andrology.

Indirect comparison between abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer： a systematic review

This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy, tolerability, and sequential administration of abiraterone acetate （AA） and enzalutamide （Enz） for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer （mCRPC）. A literature search was performed with PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant studies. Reviewed literature included published phase III trials of AA or Enz in mCRPC and studies regarding their sequential administration. Given the difference in control arms in AA （active comparator） and Enz （true placebo） randomized phase III studies, indirect comparisons between AA and Enz in mCRPC showed no statistically significant difference in overall survival in prechemotherapy and postchemotherapy settings （HR. 0.90, 95% CI, 0.73-1.11; HR： 0.85, 95% CI, 0.68-1.07）. Compared with AA, Enz may better outperform control arms in treating mCRPC both before and after chemotherapy regarding secondary endpoints based on indirect comparisons： time to prostate-specific antigen （PSA） progression （HR. 0.34, 95% CI, 0.28-0.42; HR： 0.40, 95% CI, 0.30-0.53）, radiographic progression-free survival （HR： 0.37, 95% CI, 0.28-0.48; HR： 0.61, 95% CI, 0.50-0.74）, and PSA response rate （OR： 18.29, 95% CI, 11.20-29.88; OR： 10.69, 95% CI, 3.92-29.20）. With regard to the effectiveness of Enz following AA or AA following Enz, recent retrospective case series reported overall survival and secondary endpoints for patients with mCRPC progression after chemotherapy. However, confirmatory head-to-head trials are necessary to determine the optimal sequencing of these agents.