Introduction: Rabies is a neglected tropical disease that is highly fatal and yet it is under-reported in the developing countries like Nigeria. The domestic dog is the primary reservoir host as well as the most impor...Introduction: Rabies is a neglected tropical disease that is highly fatal and yet it is under-reported in the developing countries like Nigeria. The domestic dog is the primary reservoir host as well as the most important source of infection usually conveyed by saliva through bites. Aim: This study sought to determine the frequency and outcome of dog bite injury and clinical rabies presented to the Accident and Emergency unit of Benue State University Teaching Hospital Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. Methods: This retrospective hospital-based study reviewed the medical records of all patients with dog bite who presented over an eight-year period from August 2014 to July 2022. Rabies virus infection was diagnosed on clinical basis. A structured proforma was used to extract relevant information and data was analysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21. Result: Mean and median age was 27.03 ± 10.98 and 29 years respectively, range of 2 - 47 years and 11 (73.3%) were males. There were 15 cases of dog bite out of 17,187 patients making frequency of 1.14 per 1000 persons constituting 0.09% or about 2 cases yearly. Seven (46.7%) of this total number had clinical rabies infection with 7 (100.0%) mortality. All 7 (100.0%) with clinical rabies had a furious (encephalitic) form. Rabies immunoglobulin was prescribed in 8 (53.3%), 6 (40.0%) received them while 13 (86.7%) received post-exposure rabies vaccine. Conclusion: Dog bite is an uncommon reason for Accident and Emergency visit in our facility with male preponderance. However, about 46.7% of the dog bite victims developed clinical symptoms suggestive of furious (encephalitic) form of rabies with 100.0% fatality.展开更多
Background: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) are prone to urinary tract infection (UTI), a common cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. However, there has been no report regarding the prevalence of UTI among th...Background: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) are prone to urinary tract infection (UTI), a common cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. However, there has been no report regarding the prevalence of UTI among this group of children inNigeria. Objectives: The study aims at determining the prevalence and the possible predictors of UTI in children with CP compared to age and sex matched children without CP. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out among consecutive children with CP at the Neurologic Clinic in the Paediatric Department of the Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi, Nigeria, from December 2011 to May 2013. Results: The age range of the studied population was between 2 and 15 years with a mean age of 8.63 ± 3.83 years including 30 males and 22 females. UTI was confirmed in 20 (38.5%) children with cerebral palsy compared to 2 children (3.8%) without CP (p value 0.000). Among children with CP, Escherichia coli was the commonest organism isolated in 9 (9/20, 45.0%), Streptococcus faecalis in 4 (20.0%), Staphylococcus aureus in 3 (15%), while both Proteus spp., and Klebsiella spp., were isolated in 2 children (10.0%) each. Escherichia coli was also found in the 2 children without CP. All the organisms were resistant to co-trimoxazole, nalidixic acid, nitrofuratoin and amoxiclav, while they were 100% sensitive to ceftriazone and the quinolones. In a univariate regression, analysis only moderate to severe gross motor dysfunction predicted the risk of UTI (OR = 54.81, 95%CI, 2.27 - 1324.00, p value 0.014). Conclusion: Efforts should be put in place to aid mobility among children with CP in order to reduce risk of UT.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Rabies is a neglected tropical disease that is highly fatal and yet it is under-reported in the developing countries like Nigeria. The domestic dog is the primary reservoir host as well as the most important source of infection usually conveyed by saliva through bites. Aim: This study sought to determine the frequency and outcome of dog bite injury and clinical rabies presented to the Accident and Emergency unit of Benue State University Teaching Hospital Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. Methods: This retrospective hospital-based study reviewed the medical records of all patients with dog bite who presented over an eight-year period from August 2014 to July 2022. Rabies virus infection was diagnosed on clinical basis. A structured proforma was used to extract relevant information and data was analysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21. Result: Mean and median age was 27.03 ± 10.98 and 29 years respectively, range of 2 - 47 years and 11 (73.3%) were males. There were 15 cases of dog bite out of 17,187 patients making frequency of 1.14 per 1000 persons constituting 0.09% or about 2 cases yearly. Seven (46.7%) of this total number had clinical rabies infection with 7 (100.0%) mortality. All 7 (100.0%) with clinical rabies had a furious (encephalitic) form. Rabies immunoglobulin was prescribed in 8 (53.3%), 6 (40.0%) received them while 13 (86.7%) received post-exposure rabies vaccine. Conclusion: Dog bite is an uncommon reason for Accident and Emergency visit in our facility with male preponderance. However, about 46.7% of the dog bite victims developed clinical symptoms suggestive of furious (encephalitic) form of rabies with 100.0% fatality.
文摘Background: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) are prone to urinary tract infection (UTI), a common cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. However, there has been no report regarding the prevalence of UTI among this group of children inNigeria. Objectives: The study aims at determining the prevalence and the possible predictors of UTI in children with CP compared to age and sex matched children without CP. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out among consecutive children with CP at the Neurologic Clinic in the Paediatric Department of the Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi, Nigeria, from December 2011 to May 2013. Results: The age range of the studied population was between 2 and 15 years with a mean age of 8.63 ± 3.83 years including 30 males and 22 females. UTI was confirmed in 20 (38.5%) children with cerebral palsy compared to 2 children (3.8%) without CP (p value 0.000). Among children with CP, Escherichia coli was the commonest organism isolated in 9 (9/20, 45.0%), Streptococcus faecalis in 4 (20.0%), Staphylococcus aureus in 3 (15%), while both Proteus spp., and Klebsiella spp., were isolated in 2 children (10.0%) each. Escherichia coli was also found in the 2 children without CP. All the organisms were resistant to co-trimoxazole, nalidixic acid, nitrofuratoin and amoxiclav, while they were 100% sensitive to ceftriazone and the quinolones. In a univariate regression, analysis only moderate to severe gross motor dysfunction predicted the risk of UTI (OR = 54.81, 95%CI, 2.27 - 1324.00, p value 0.014). Conclusion: Efforts should be put in place to aid mobility among children with CP in order to reduce risk of UT.
