History of the Chinese Medicinal Gelatin

This article discusses the history of animal glue(gelatin)used in medical practice in China.In ancient times,gelatin was widely made from cowhide and has been found in excavations and wall paintings older than 2000 years in Egypt,Greece,and China.However,it has been used medicinally almost exclusively in China and other East Asian countries influenced by Chinese medicine.Since 11th century,donkey-hide has gradually been replaced with cowhide in medicinal gelatin.Currently,donkey-hide gelatin is widely used medicinally in China.During the Edo period,medicinal gelatin was imported to Japan from China.Owing to the distaste for eating animal flesh in traditional Japanese culture,the production of gelatin and its medicinal use is not widespread in Japan.

日本对青蒿的引进及鉴定——综观中日本草学之青蒿与黄花蒿

国内众多研究认为,日本的饭沼慾斋在其著作《草木图说》中首次将A.apiacea的中文名定为青蒿。通过笔者调查,发现《草木图说》第一版及饭沼慾斋亲笔稿本并无A.apiacea的相关记载,更提出据目前可查证到的史料,《草木图说目录草部》一书最早将A.apiacea定名为青蒿。作为日本引进的外来物种,日本本草学界对青蒿外形特征及日文名、中文名与拉丁名的对应问题进行了大量的探索,本文通过研究古典文献梳理了日本国内对于青蒿和黄花蒿的认识和鉴定过程,并结合现代田野调查对古代研究结果进行了重新审视,还探讨了《本草纲目》在引入日本后对认识和鉴定青蒿的影响,更进一步阐述形成这些认识的客观原因及得到的相关启示。