Changes in the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Human Blood with Sustained Prophylactic Use of Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin)—A Rheological Study

While the prophylactic use of regular, low dosage, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) has been employed due to the inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation, few if any rheological studies validate the change in the physical and mechanical properties of human blood post-aspirin administration. The viscosity and yield stress of blood from eleven donors were assessed at varied shear rates before and after daily aspirin administration (81 mg) for 14 consecutive days. The findings indicate a statistically relevant aggregated decrease with respect to viscosity and yield stress within the study population.

Higher cost of arthroplasty for hip fractures in patients transferred from outside hospitals vs primary emergency department presentation

BACKGROUND In 2016 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services proposed bundled payments for hip fractures to improve the quality and decrease costs of care.Patients transferred from other facilities may be imposing a financial risk on the hospitals that accept these patients.AIM To determine the costs associated with patients that either presented to the emergency department or were transferred from another hospital or skilled nursing facility(SNF)with the diagnosis of a hip fracture requiring operative intervention.METHODS A retrospective single institution review was conducted for all arthroplasty patients from 2010 to 2015.Inclusion criteria included a total or partial hip replacement for a hip fracture.Exclusion criteria included pathologic,periprosthetic,and fracture non-union.Data was collected to compare total observed costs for patients from the emergency department,patients from skilled nursing facilities,and patients from an outside hospital.RESULTS A total of 223 patients met the inclusion criteria.135(60.54%)of these patients presented primarily to the emergency department,58 patients(26.01%)were transferred from an outside hospital,and 30 patients(13.43%)were transferred from a SNF.Cost data analysis showed that outside hospital patients demonstrated significantly greater total cost for their hospitalization($43302)compared to emergency department patients($28875,P=0.000)and SNF patients($28282,P=0.000).CONCLUSION Patients transferred from an outside hospital incurred greater costs for their hospitalization than patients presenting from an emergency department or SNF.This is a strong argument for riskadjustment models when bundling payments for the care of hip fracture patients.

Mixture network autoregressive model with application on students’successes

We propose a mixture network regression model which considers both response variables and the node-specific random vector depend on the time.In order to estimate and compare the impacts of various connections on a response variable simultaneously,we extend it into p different types of connections.An ordinary least square estimators of the effects of different types of connections on a response variable is derived with its asymptotic property.Simulation studies demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method in the estimation of the mixture autoregressive model.In the end,a real data illustration on the students’GPA is discussed.