Purpose: To investigate a robot assistance device for CT-guided percutan liver biopsy. Materials and Methods: The liver of a corpse was equipped with target dummies. Four radiologists used a 16 G needle to perform bio...Purpose: To investigate a robot assistance device for CT-guided percutan liver biopsy. Materials and Methods: The liver of a corpse was equipped with target dummies. Four radiologists used a 16 G needle to perform biopsy of the target region in standard free hand technique and then used a robot system which allowed planning and aligning the trajectory path. Accuracy in terms of needle tip deviation, and time efficiency and radiation exposure in terms of effective dose for the radiologists were measured. Results: For in plane procedures, there was no significant benefit in accuracy when using the robot versus standard technique (4 mm vs. 5.6 mm, p = 0.11);timely effort was worse (443 sec vs. 405 sec, p = 0.64). For angulated punctures, a needle tip of 3.7 mm was measured by using the robotic device (vs. 10.8 mm, p < 0.01);mean biopsy duration was 490 sec (vs. 900 sec, p < 0.01). Mean radiation exposures in freehand technique were 2.4 μSv (in plane procedures) and 10.8 μSv (oblique procedures);the robotic assisted procedures were performed without additional image guidance. Conclusion: The proposed robotic assistance device may be superior for angulated interventions regarding accuracy and timely effort. Furthermore, the zero radiation exposure is a significant benefit for the interventional radiologist.展开更多
Dear Editor,External cytokines produced by cells of the innate immune system induce the dif-ferentiation of CD4+T cells into helper T cell subsets with distinct functions and cytokine profiles.Apart from TH1 and TH2 c...Dear Editor,External cytokines produced by cells of the innate immune system induce the dif-ferentiation of CD4+T cells into helper T cell subsets with distinct functions and cytokine profiles.Apart from TH1 and TH2 cells a third subset of helper T cells has been described,which is characterized by increased expression of IL-17A,IL-17F,IL-21 and IL-22(TH17 cells).展开更多
文摘Purpose: To investigate a robot assistance device for CT-guided percutan liver biopsy. Materials and Methods: The liver of a corpse was equipped with target dummies. Four radiologists used a 16 G needle to perform biopsy of the target region in standard free hand technique and then used a robot system which allowed planning and aligning the trajectory path. Accuracy in terms of needle tip deviation, and time efficiency and radiation exposure in terms of effective dose for the radiologists were measured. Results: For in plane procedures, there was no significant benefit in accuracy when using the robot versus standard technique (4 mm vs. 5.6 mm, p = 0.11);timely effort was worse (443 sec vs. 405 sec, p = 0.64). For angulated punctures, a needle tip of 3.7 mm was measured by using the robotic device (vs. 10.8 mm, p < 0.01);mean biopsy duration was 490 sec (vs. 900 sec, p < 0.01). Mean radiation exposures in freehand technique were 2.4 μSv (in plane procedures) and 10.8 μSv (oblique procedures);the robotic assisted procedures were performed without additional image guidance. Conclusion: The proposed robotic assistance device may be superior for angulated interventions regarding accuracy and timely effort. Furthermore, the zero radiation exposure is a significant benefit for the interventional radiologist.
文摘Dear Editor,External cytokines produced by cells of the innate immune system induce the dif-ferentiation of CD4+T cells into helper T cell subsets with distinct functions and cytokine profiles.Apart from TH1 and TH2 cells a third subset of helper T cells has been described,which is characterized by increased expression of IL-17A,IL-17F,IL-21 and IL-22(TH17 cells).
