Background Chongming Island in China serves as a breeding and shelter point on the East Asian–Australasian Flyway.The resting frequency of migratory birds,abundance of mosquito populations,and the popular domestic po...Background Chongming Island in China serves as a breeding and shelter point on the East Asian–Australasian Flyway.The resting frequency of migratory birds,abundance of mosquito populations,and the popular domestic poultry industry pose a potential risk of mosquito-borne zoonotic diseases.The aim of this study is to explore the role of migratory birds in the spread of mosquito-borne pathogens and their prevalent status on the island.Methods We conducted a mosquito-borne pathogen surveillance in 2021,in Chongming,Shanghai,China.Approxi‑mately 67,800 adult mosquitoes belonging to ten species were collected to investigate the presence of faviviruses,alphaviruses,and orthobunyaviruses by RT-PCR.Genetic and phylogenetic analyses were conducted to explore the virus genotype and potential nature source.Serological survey was performed by ELISA to characterize Tembusu virus(TMUV)infection among domestic poultry.Results Two strains of TMUV and Chaoyang virus(CHAOV)and 47 strains of Quang Binh virus(QBV)were detected in 412 mosquito pools,with the infection rate of 0.16,0.16,and 3.92 per 1000 Culex tritaeniorhynchus,respectively.Fur‑thermore,TMUVs viral RNA was found in serum samples of domestic chickens and faecal samples of migratory birds.Antibodies against TMUV were detected in domestic avian serum samples,generally ranging from 44.07%in pigeons to 55.71%in ducks.Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the TMUV detected in Chongming belonged to Cluster 3,Southeast Asia origin,and most closely related to the CTLN strain,which caused a TMUV outbreak in chickens in Guangdong Province in 2020,but distant from strains obtained previously in Shanghai,which were involved in the 2010 TMUV outbreak in China.Conclusions We speculate that the TMUV was imported to Chongming Island through long-distance spreading by migratory birds from Southeast Asia,followed by spill over and transmission in mosquitoes and domestic avian species,threatening the local domestic poultry.In addition,the expansion and prevalence of insect-specifc favivi‑ruses and its simultaneous circulation with mosquito-borne virus are worthy of close attention and further study.展开更多
Background:A One Health approach has been increasingly mainstreamed by the international community, as it provides for holistic thinking in recognizing the close links and inter-dependence of the health of humans, ani...Background:A One Health approach has been increasingly mainstreamed by the international community, as it provides for holistic thinking in recognizing the close links and inter-dependence of the health of humans, animals and the environment. However, the dearth of real-world evidence has hampered application of a One Health approach in shaping policies and practice. This study proposes the development of a potential evaluation tool for One Health performance, in order to contribute to the scientific measurement of One Health approach and the identification of gaps where One Health capacity building is most urgently needed.Methods:We describe five steps towards a global One Health index (GOHI), including (i) framework formulation;(ii) indicator selection;(iii) database building;(iv) weight determination;and (v) GOHI scores calculation. A cell-like framework for GOHI is proposed, which comprises an external drivers index (EDI), an intrinsic drivers index (IDI) and a core drivers index (CDI). We construct the indicator scheme for GOHI based on this framework after multiple rounds of panel discussions with our expert advisory committee. A fuzzy analytical hierarchy process is adopted to determine the weights for each of the indicators.Results:The weighted indicator scheme of GOHI comprises three first-level indicators, 13 second-level indicators, and 57 third-level indicators. According to the pilot analysis based on the data from more than 200 countries/territories the GOHI scores overall are far from ideal (the highest score of 65.0 out of a maximum score of 100), and we found considerable variations among different countries/territories (31.8–65.0). The results from the pilot analysis are consistent with the results from a literature review, which suggests that a GOHI as a potential tool for the assessment of One Health performance might be feasible.Conclusions:GOHI—subject to rigorous validation—would represent the world’s first evaluation tool that constructs the conceptual framework from a holistic perspective of One Health. Future application of GOHI might promote a common understanding of a strong One Health approach and provide reference for promoting effective measures to strengthen One Health capacity building. With further adaptations under various scenarios, GOHI, along with its technical protocols and databases, will be updated regularly to address current technical limitations, and capture new knowledge.展开更多
文摘Background Chongming Island in China serves as a breeding and shelter point on the East Asian–Australasian Flyway.The resting frequency of migratory birds,abundance of mosquito populations,and the popular domestic poultry industry pose a potential risk of mosquito-borne zoonotic diseases.The aim of this study is to explore the role of migratory birds in the spread of mosquito-borne pathogens and their prevalent status on the island.Methods We conducted a mosquito-borne pathogen surveillance in 2021,in Chongming,Shanghai,China.Approxi‑mately 67,800 adult mosquitoes belonging to ten species were collected to investigate the presence of faviviruses,alphaviruses,and orthobunyaviruses by RT-PCR.Genetic and phylogenetic analyses were conducted to explore the virus genotype and potential nature source.Serological survey was performed by ELISA to characterize Tembusu virus(TMUV)infection among domestic poultry.Results Two strains of TMUV and Chaoyang virus(CHAOV)and 47 strains of Quang Binh virus(QBV)were detected in 412 mosquito pools,with the infection rate of 0.16,0.16,and 3.92 per 1000 Culex tritaeniorhynchus,respectively.Fur‑thermore,TMUVs viral RNA was found in serum samples of domestic chickens and faecal samples of migratory birds.Antibodies against TMUV were detected in domestic avian serum samples,generally ranging from 44.07%in pigeons to 55.71%in ducks.Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the TMUV detected in Chongming belonged to Cluster 3,Southeast Asia origin,and most closely related to the CTLN strain,which caused a TMUV outbreak in chickens in Guangdong Province in 2020,but distant from strains obtained previously in Shanghai,which were involved in the 2010 TMUV outbreak in China.Conclusions We speculate that the TMUV was imported to Chongming Island through long-distance spreading by migratory birds from Southeast Asia,followed by spill over and transmission in mosquitoes and domestic avian species,threatening the local domestic poultry.In addition,the expansion and prevalence of insect-specifc favivi‑ruses and its simultaneous circulation with mosquito-borne virus are worthy of close attention and further study.
基金The project was supported by China Medical Board(no.20-365)Shanghai Jiao Tong University Integrated Innovation Fund(no.2020-01).
文摘Background:A One Health approach has been increasingly mainstreamed by the international community, as it provides for holistic thinking in recognizing the close links and inter-dependence of the health of humans, animals and the environment. However, the dearth of real-world evidence has hampered application of a One Health approach in shaping policies and practice. This study proposes the development of a potential evaluation tool for One Health performance, in order to contribute to the scientific measurement of One Health approach and the identification of gaps where One Health capacity building is most urgently needed.Methods:We describe five steps towards a global One Health index (GOHI), including (i) framework formulation;(ii) indicator selection;(iii) database building;(iv) weight determination;and (v) GOHI scores calculation. A cell-like framework for GOHI is proposed, which comprises an external drivers index (EDI), an intrinsic drivers index (IDI) and a core drivers index (CDI). We construct the indicator scheme for GOHI based on this framework after multiple rounds of panel discussions with our expert advisory committee. A fuzzy analytical hierarchy process is adopted to determine the weights for each of the indicators.Results:The weighted indicator scheme of GOHI comprises three first-level indicators, 13 second-level indicators, and 57 third-level indicators. According to the pilot analysis based on the data from more than 200 countries/territories the GOHI scores overall are far from ideal (the highest score of 65.0 out of a maximum score of 100), and we found considerable variations among different countries/territories (31.8–65.0). The results from the pilot analysis are consistent with the results from a literature review, which suggests that a GOHI as a potential tool for the assessment of One Health performance might be feasible.Conclusions:GOHI—subject to rigorous validation—would represent the world’s first evaluation tool that constructs the conceptual framework from a holistic perspective of One Health. Future application of GOHI might promote a common understanding of a strong One Health approach and provide reference for promoting effective measures to strengthen One Health capacity building. With further adaptations under various scenarios, GOHI, along with its technical protocols and databases, will be updated regularly to address current technical limitations, and capture new knowledge.
