Clinical evolution of antisynthetase syndrome-associated interstitial lung disease after COVID-19 in a man with Klinefelter syndrome:A case report

BACKGROUND This study presents a case of rapidly developing respiratory failure due to antisynthetase syndrome(AS)following coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in a 33-year-old man diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome(KS).CASE SUMMARY A 33-year-old man with a diagnosis of KS was admitted to the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of a tertiary hospital in China for fever and shortness of breath 2 wk after the onset of COVID-19.Computed tomography of both lungs revealed diffuse multiple patchy heightened shadows in both lungs,accompanied by signs of partial bronchial inflation.Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid suggested absence of pathogen.A biopsy specimen revealed organizing pneumonia with alveolar septal thickening.Additionally,extensive auto-antibody tests showed strong positivity for anti-SSA,anti-SSB,anti-Jo-1,and anti-Ro-52.Following multidisciplinary discussions,the patient received a final diagnosis of AS,leading to rapidly progressing respiratory failure.CONCLUSION This study underscores the clinical progression of AS-associated interstitial lung disease subsequent to viral infections such as COVID-19 in patients diagnosed with KS.

Effect of Ti−6Al−4V particle reinforcements on mechanical properties of Mg−9Al−1Zn alloy

Mg−9Al−1Zn(AZ91)magnesium matrix composites reinforced by Ti−6Al−4V(TC4)particles were successfully prepared via powder metallurgical method.The yield strength(YS),ultimate tensile strength(UTS),and elongation(EL)showed a mountain-like tendency with the increase of the TC4 content.The mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium matrix composites reached the optimal point with TC4 content of 10 wt.%,realizing YS,UTS,and EL of 335 MPa,370 MPa,and 6.4%,respectively.The improvement of mechanical properties can be attributed to the effective load transfer from the magnesium matrix to the TC4 particles,dislocations associated with the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion,good interfacial bonding between the Mg matrix and TC4 particles,and grain refinement strengthening.

Revisiting the Hierarchical Microstructures of an Al-Zn-Mg Alloy Fabricated by Pre-deformation and Aging

Pre-deformation before aging has been demonstrated to have a positive effect on the mechanical strength of the 7N01 alloy in our previous study,which is rather different from the general negative effects of pre-deformation on high-strength 7XXX aluminum alloys.In order to explain the strengthening mechanism relating to the positive effect,in the present study,the microstructure of the aged 7N01 alloy with different degrees of pre-deformation was investigated in detail using advanced electron microscopy techniques.Our results show that,without pre-deformation,the aged alloy is strengthened mainly by the η′type of hardening precipitates.In contrast,with pre-deformation,the aged alloy is strengthened by the hierarchical microstructure consisting of the GP-η′type of precipitates formed inside sub-grains,the ηp type of precipitates formed at small-angle boundaries,and the dislocation introduced by pre-deformation(residual work-hardening effect).By visualizing the distribution of theηp precipitates through three-dimensional electron tomography,the 3 D microstructures of dislocation cells are clearly revealed.Proper combinations of ηp precipitates,GP-η′precipitates and residual dislocations in the alloy are responsible for the positive effect of pre-deformation on its mechanical properties.

Microstructure evolution and corrosion behavior of Nb-alloyed cast heat-resistant steel during different aging treatments

The microstructure evolution of heat-resistant cast stainless steels aged at 600, 700, 800 and 900 ℃ for 2 h was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Potentiodynamic polarization curves were applied to study the effects of Nb addition and aging temperature on corrosion resistance. The results demonstrated that eutectoid decomposition of the ferritic phase (δ → σ + γ2) was observed at 700-900 ℃. The content of σ-phase first increased and then decreased in the steels, where the maximum content was obtained at 800 ℃, indicating that the highest hardness occurred at 800 ℃ accordingly. The hardness of Nb-containing steels was significantly higher than that of Nb-free steels. The corrosion resistance of heatresistant cast steels in various aging temperatures was different due to the formation of σ-phase. Both Cr-rich carbides and σ-phase were harmful to the corrosion resistance, while Cr-rich carbides were the main factor. Nb-containing heat-resistant cast steels exhibited superior corrosion resistance, as Cr-rich carbides were reduced and the corrosion products of Nb-rich slowed down the formation of steady-state pits.

Experimental study and cellular automata simulation of corrosion behavior of ferritic stainless steel in molten aluminum

The corrosion behavior of feritic stainless steel(446)after being immersed in molten Al alloy at 750℃ for 1,2,4,and 8 h has been investigated experimentally and theoretically.The microstructure and composition distribution at the corrosion interface were characterized using the optical microscope,scanning electron microscope,and energy dispersive spectrometer.The results showed that Cr and Si synergistically delay the progress of corrosion at the interface of the intermetallic compounds(IMC).In the early stage of corrosion,Si element was enriched at the interface of IMC1 and IMC2,and the diffusion channels of Al element were occupied by it.However,as the corrosion progresses,Cr and Si gradually gather to form a band-like structure and coarsen,causing their hindering effect to be weakened.As the corrosion time increases,the banded structure was further aggregated and coarsened,and the inhibitory effect of Cr and Si elements on corrosion was strongly weakened.In addition,based on the cellular automata dynamics model of reaction-diffusion,the corrosion process of ferritic stainless steel in aluminum alloy melts was simulated.It is demonstrated that if there is no stabilizing effect of Cr element,the thickness of IMC will be doubled.

Metal-organic nanosheet assembly ions sieving membrane for precise lithium ion and anion/solvent separation toward robust lithium metal battery

Metal-organic nanosheets(MONs)as a novel material with tunable pore structures and low mass transfer resistance,have emerged as molecular sieves for the separation of gases and liquids.In theory,they can also serve as ion sieves for lithium metal batteries(LMBs),realizing the high-energy and dendritic free LMBs.However,there are rarely relevant reports,because it is difficult to simultaneously balance efficient ion sieving ability,high ion passing rate and high electrochemical stability.Here,we synthesized a stable ultrathin MON[Zn_(2)(Bim)_(4)]([Zn_(2)(Bim)_(4)]Nanosheet,HBim=benzimidazolate),which can achieve both efficient lithium ion sieving ability,high lithium ion passing rate and high electrochemical stability at the same time.The separator assembled by this MON exhibits high Li^(+)transfer number of 0.81 due to the accurate lithium ion and anion/solvent separation.The battery containing such separator shows high lithium ionic conductivity of 0.74 m S cm^(-1)and low activation energy of 0.099 eV,which can be attributed to the nanometer level thickness and the ion sieving effect.What is more,we realized the application of MONs-based ion sieves in LMBs with intercalation cathodes for the first time.And the LiFePO_(4)|Li battery with as-assembled separator demonstrates improved Coulombic efficiency(>99%)and significantly extended cycling life(>1600 cycles)with 80%capacity retention.