Despite recent progress in crop genomics studies,the genomic changes brought about by modern breeding selection are still poorly understood,thus hampering genomics-assisted breeding,especially in polyploid crops with ...Despite recent progress in crop genomics studies,the genomic changes brought about by modern breeding selection are still poorly understood,thus hampering genomics-assisted breeding,especially in polyploid crops with compound genomes such as common wheat(Triticum aestivum).In this work,we constructed genome resources for the modern elite common wheat variety Aikang 58(AK58).Comparative genomics between AK58 and the landrace cultivar Chinese Spring(CS)shed light on genomic changes that occurred through recent varietal improvement.We also explored subgenome diploidization and divergence in common wheat and developed a homoeologous locus-based genome-wide association study(HGWAS)approach,which was more effective than single homoeolog-based GWAS in unraveling agronomic trait-associated loci.A total of 123 major HGWAs loci were detected using a genetic population derived from AK58 and cs.Elite homoeologous haplotypes(HHs),formed by combinations of subgenomic homoeologs of the associated loci,were found in both parents and progeny,and many could substantially improve wheat yield and related traits.We built a website where users can download genome assembly sequence and annotation data for AK58,perform blast analysis,and run JBrowse.Our work enriches genome resources for wheat,provides new insights into genomic changes during modern wheat improve-.ment,and suggests that efficientmining of elite HHs can make a substantial contribuutionto genomics-assisted breeding in common wheat and other polyploid crops.展开更多
COVID-19 has spread globally to over 200 countries with more than 40 million confirmed cases and one million deaths as of November 1,2020.The SARS-CoV-2 virus,leading to COVID-19,shows extremely high rates of infectiv...COVID-19 has spread globally to over 200 countries with more than 40 million confirmed cases and one million deaths as of November 1,2020.The SARS-CoV-2 virus,leading to COVID-19,shows extremely high rates of infectivity and replication,and can result in pneumonia,acute respiratory distress,or even mortality.SARS-CoV-2 has been found to continue to rapidly evolve,with several genomic variants emerging in different regions throughout the world.In addition,despite intensive study of the spike protein,its origin,and molecular mechanisms in mediating host invasion are still only partially resolved.Finally,the repertoire of drugs for COVID-19 treatment is still limited,with several candidates still under clinical trial and no effective therapeutic yet reported.Although vaccines based on either DNA/mRNA or protein have been deployed,their efficacy against emerging variants requires ongoing study,with multivalent vaccines supplanting the first-generation vaccines due to their low efficacy against new strains.Here,we provide a systematic review of studies on the epidemiology,immunological pathogenesis,molecular mechanisms,and structural biology,as well as approaches for drug or vaccine development for SARSCoV-2.展开更多
Submicrometer-scale ZnO composite aggregate arrays of nanorods and nanoparticles were prepared by simple wet-chemical route and studied as dye-sensitized solar cells （DSSCs） photoanodes. The ZnO composite aggregate ...Submicrometer-scale ZnO composite aggregate arrays of nanorods and nanoparticles were prepared by simple wet-chemical route and studied as dye-sensitized solar cells （DSSCs） photoanodes. The ZnO composite aggregate arrays significantly improved the efficiency of DSSCs due to their relatively high surface area, fast electron transport, and enhanced light-scattering capability. A short current density （Jsc） of 11.7 mA/cm2 and an overall solar-to-electric energy conversion efficiency （η） of 3.17% were achieved for the ZnO composite aggregate DSSCs, which were much higher than those obtained for the monodisperse aggregate DSSCs （Jsc = 6.9 mA/cm2, r/= 1.51 %） and ZnO nanorod array DSSCs （Jsc = 4.2 mA/cm2, η= 0.61%）.展开更多
基金the Collaborative Innovation Center for Henan Grain Crops,the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(2021YFF1000200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Major Program,31991213)+4 种基金the Central Publicinterest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(Y2021YJ01)the Major Public Welfare Projects of Henan Province(201300110800)the Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100102)the CAAS Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAASZDRW202002)the seed innovation program of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China,and the Henan Provincial R&D Projects of Interregional Cooperation for Local Scientific and Technological Development Guided by the Central Government(YDZX20214100004191).
文摘Despite recent progress in crop genomics studies,the genomic changes brought about by modern breeding selection are still poorly understood,thus hampering genomics-assisted breeding,especially in polyploid crops with compound genomes such as common wheat(Triticum aestivum).In this work,we constructed genome resources for the modern elite common wheat variety Aikang 58(AK58).Comparative genomics between AK58 and the landrace cultivar Chinese Spring(CS)shed light on genomic changes that occurred through recent varietal improvement.We also explored subgenome diploidization and divergence in common wheat and developed a homoeologous locus-based genome-wide association study(HGWAS)approach,which was more effective than single homoeolog-based GWAS in unraveling agronomic trait-associated loci.A total of 123 major HGWAs loci were detected using a genetic population derived from AK58 and cs.Elite homoeologous haplotypes(HHs),formed by combinations of subgenomic homoeologs of the associated loci,were found in both parents and progeny,and many could substantially improve wheat yield and related traits.We built a website where users can download genome assembly sequence and annotation data for AK58,perform blast analysis,and run JBrowse.Our work enriches genome resources for wheat,provides new insights into genomic changes during modern wheat improve-.ment,and suggests that efficientmining of elite HHs can make a substantial contribuutionto genomics-assisted breeding in common wheat and other polyploid crops.
基金This research was funded by Hunan Provincial Innovation Platform and Talents Program(No.2018RS3105)the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61803151)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan province(No.2018JJ3570)the Project of Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(No 19A060 and 19C0185)the project to introduce intelligence from oversea experts to the Changsha City(Grant No.2089901).
文摘COVID-19 has spread globally to over 200 countries with more than 40 million confirmed cases and one million deaths as of November 1,2020.The SARS-CoV-2 virus,leading to COVID-19,shows extremely high rates of infectivity and replication,and can result in pneumonia,acute respiratory distress,or even mortality.SARS-CoV-2 has been found to continue to rapidly evolve,with several genomic variants emerging in different regions throughout the world.In addition,despite intensive study of the spike protein,its origin,and molecular mechanisms in mediating host invasion are still only partially resolved.Finally,the repertoire of drugs for COVID-19 treatment is still limited,with several candidates still under clinical trial and no effective therapeutic yet reported.Although vaccines based on either DNA/mRNA or protein have been deployed,their efficacy against emerging variants requires ongoing study,with multivalent vaccines supplanting the first-generation vaccines due to their low efficacy against new strains.Here,we provide a systematic review of studies on the epidemiology,immunological pathogenesis,molecular mechanisms,and structural biology,as well as approaches for drug or vaccine development for SARSCoV-2.
基金supported by the Changjiang Scholar and Innovative Research Team of the University of China(No. IRT0972)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51002102)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province,China(No.2011011022-1)the Program for the Top Young Academic Leaders of Higher Learning Institutions of Shanxi,China
文摘Submicrometer-scale ZnO composite aggregate arrays of nanorods and nanoparticles were prepared by simple wet-chemical route and studied as dye-sensitized solar cells （DSSCs） photoanodes. The ZnO composite aggregate arrays significantly improved the efficiency of DSSCs due to their relatively high surface area, fast electron transport, and enhanced light-scattering capability. A short current density （Jsc） of 11.7 mA/cm2 and an overall solar-to-electric energy conversion efficiency （η） of 3.17% were achieved for the ZnO composite aggregate DSSCs, which were much higher than those obtained for the monodisperse aggregate DSSCs （Jsc = 6.9 mA/cm2, r/= 1.51 %） and ZnO nanorod array DSSCs （Jsc = 4.2 mA/cm2, η= 0.61%）.
