Coxsackievirus A24 variant(CVA24v)is a major pathogen that causes continued outbreaks and pandemics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis(AHC).In China,the first confirmed outbreak of CVA24v-related AHC occurred in Beij...Coxsackievirus A24 variant(CVA24v)is a major pathogen that causes continued outbreaks and pandemics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis(AHC).In China,the first confirmed outbreak of CVA24v-related AHC occurred in Beijing in 1988,followed by another two significant outbreaks respectively in 1994 and 2007,which coincides with the three-stage dynamic distribution of AHC in the world after 1970s.To illustrate the genetic characteristics of CVA24v in different periods,a total of 23 strains were isolated from those three outbreaks and the whole genome of those isolations were sequenced and analyzed.Compared with the prototype strain,the 23 strains shared four nucleotide deletions in the 5'UTR except the 0744 strain isolated in 2007.And at the 98th site,one nucleotide insertion was found in all the strains collected from 2007.From 1994 to 2007,amino acid polarity in the VP1 region at the 25th and the 32nd site were changed.Both the 3C and VP1 phylogenetic tree indicated that isolates from 1988 and 1994 belonged to Genotype III(GIII),and 2007 strains to Genotype IV(GIV).According to the Bayesian analysis based on complete genome sequence,the most recent common ancestors for the isolates in1988,1994 and 2007 were respectively estimated around October 1987,February 1993 and December 2004.The evolutionary rate of the CVA24v was estimated to be 7.45×10^(-3) substitutions/site/year.Our study indicated that the early epidemic of CVA24v in Chinese mainland was the GIII.Point mutations and amino acid changes in different genotypes of CVA24v may generate intensity differences of the AHC outbreak.CVA24v has been evolving constantly with a relatively rapid rate.展开更多
Besides peripheral nerve injury,the acute inflammation is one of the pathological features of tissues after surgery,which exacerbates the postoperative pain,especially in the first 48 h after the surgery.Multimodal an...Besides peripheral nerve injury,the acute inflammation is one of the pathological features of tissues after surgery,which exacerbates the postoperative pain,especially in the first 48 h after the surgery.Multimodal analgesia(MMA),such as the combination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)with local anesthetics,has shown enhanced potency compared with the usage of local anesthetics alone.However,rare formulations can provide long-term analgesia at a single dose.Herein,bupivacaine(BUP,a local anesthetic)loading poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)nanoparticles(NPB)were coated with meloxicam(MLX,an NSAID)loading lipid bilayer(LPM),forming a core–shell nanosystem(NPB@LPM)to provide enhanced and long-term analgesia to treat postoperative pain.MLX was encapsulated in the lipid shell,which enabled high dose MLX to be released in the first 48 h after surgery to reduce the acute inflammation induced pain.BUP was encapsulated in the PLGA core to provide a long-term release for the nerve block.This nanosystem provided a 7-day(whole recovery cycle)effective analgesia in the Brennan’s plantar incision rat model.The tissue reactions of NPB@LPM are benign.This work will provide feasible strategies on designing drug delivery systems for postoperative pain management.展开更多
As a representative chemotherapeutic drug,docetaxel(DTX)has been used for breast cancer treatment for decades.However,the poor solubility of DTX limits its efficacy,and the DTX based therapy increases the metastasis r...As a representative chemotherapeutic drug,docetaxel(DTX)has been used for breast cancer treatment for decades.However,the poor solubility of DTX limits its efficacy,and the DTX based therapy increases the metastasis risk due to the upregulation of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4(CXCR4)expression during the treatment.Herein,we conjugated CXCR4 antagonist peptide(CTCE)with DTX(termed CTCE-DTX)as an anti-metastasis agent to treat breast cancer.CTCE-DTX could selfassemble to nanoparticles,targeting CXCR4-upregulated metastatic tumor cells and enhancing the DTX efficacy.Thus,the CTCE-DTX NPs achieved promising efficacy on inhibiting both bonespecific metastasis and lung metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer.Our work provided a rational strategy on designing peptide-drug conjugates with synergistic anti-tumor efficacy.展开更多
Echovirus 18(E18), a serotype of Enterovirus B(EV-B) species, is an important pathogen in aseptic meningitis. E18 had rarely been detected in China's Mainland, but became the predominant pathogen associated with v...Echovirus 18(E18), a serotype of Enterovirus B(EV-B) species, is an important pathogen in aseptic meningitis. E18 had rarely been detected in China's Mainland, but became the predominant pathogen associated with viral encephalitis(VE) and meningitis in Hebei province for the first time in 2015. To investigate the molecular epidemiology and genetic characteristics of E18 in China's Mainland, sixteen E18 strains from patient throat swabs with hand, foot, and mouth disease(HFMD) in six provinces in China collected between 2015 and 2016, and four E18 strains isolated from 18 patient cerebrospinal fluid specimens with VE in Hebei Province in 2015 were obtained and sequenced. Combined with the sequences from the GenBank database, we performed an extensive genetic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of VP1 gene sequences revealed that all E18 strains from China's Mainland after 2015 belonged to subgenotype C2. There were no obvious specific differences in phylogenetic and variation analyses of E18 genome sequences between HFMD and VE/meningitis strains. Potential multiple recombination may have occurred in the 50-untranslated region and in the P2 and P3 nonstructural protein-encoding regions of E18 strains from China. The current E18 strains were potential multiplerecombinant viruses. Overall, these findings supported that E18 caused HFMD, VE, and meningitis, although there were no significant associations between clinical features and viral genomic characteristics.展开更多
Natural extracellular vesicles(EVs)play important roles in many life processes such as in the intermolecular transfer of substances and genetic information exchanges.Investigating the origins and working mechanisms of...Natural extracellular vesicles(EVs)play important roles in many life processes such as in the intermolecular transfer of substances and genetic information exchanges.Investigating the origins and working mechanisms of natural EVs may provide an understanding of life activities,especially regarding the occurrence and development of diseases.Additionally,due to their vesicular structure,EVs(in small molecules,nucleic acids,proteins,etc.)could act as efficient drug-delivery carriers.Herein,we describe the sources and biological functions of various EVs,summarize the roles of EVs in disease diagnosis and treatment,and review the application of EVs as drug-delivery carriers.We also assess the challenges and perspectives of EVs in biomedical applications.展开更多
Coxsackievirus A10(CVA10)is one of the major causative agents of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD).To investigate the epidemiological characteristics as well as genetic features of CVA10 currently circulating in Shang...Coxsackievirus A10(CVA10)is one of the major causative agents of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD).To investigate the epidemiological characteristics as well as genetic features of CVA10 currently circulating in Shanghai,China,we collected a total of 9,952 sporadic HFMD cases from January 2016 to December 2020.In the past five years,CVA10 was the fourth prevalent causatives associated with HFMD in Shanghai and the overall positive rate was 2.78%.The annual distribution experienced significant fluctuations over the past five years.In addition to entire VP1 sequencing,complete genome sequencing and recombination analysis of CVA10 isolates in Shanghai were further performed.A total of 64 near complete genomes and 11 entire VP1 sequences in this study combined with reference sequences publicly available were integrated into phylogenetic analysis.The CVA10sequences in this study mainly belonged to genogroup C and presented 91%-100%nucleotide identity with other Chinese isolates based on VP1 region.For the first time,our study reported the appearance of CVA10 genogroup D in Chinese mainland,which had led to large-scale outbreaks in Europe previously.The recombination analysis showed the recombination break point located between 5,100 nt and 6,700 nt,which suggesting intertypic recombination with CVA16 genogroup D.To conclusion,CVA10 genogroup C was the predominant genogroup in Shanghai during 2016-2020.CVA10 recombinant genogroup D was firstly reported in circulating in Chinese mainland.Continuous surveillance is needed to better understand the evolution relationships and transmission pathways of CVA10 to help to guide disease control and prevention.展开更多
Hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)was reported in May 2,2008 to be the 38th legally notifiable disease in China's National Notifiable Disease Reporting and Surveillance System.In order to solve the infection,an ext...Hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)was reported in May 2,2008 to be the 38th legally notifiable disease in China's National Notifiable Disease Reporting and Surveillance System.In order to solve the infection,an extensive three-level HFMD surveillance laboratory network was established.In this study,the framework of that network is assessed and the incidence of HFMD in China from 2008 to 2017 is reported using a descriptive epidemiologic method.During these 10 years,a series of techniques have been widely applied in all the network laboratories.Using information and material obtained from the network,a virus bank and database containing 18,238 viruses were established.Nationally,18,184,834 HFMD cases,including 152,436 severe cases and 3633 fatal cases,were reported in mainland of China.The average annual incidence in the population was 133.99/100,000 people,with a maximum incidence of 205.06/100,000 people in 2014.The incidence and mortality rates of HFMD were the highest in children aged 1–2 years.The numbers of reported cases fluctuated,with a high incidence observed every 2 years.An overall increase in the number of reported cases was also observed throughout the study period.Despite this,the incidence of severe cases and the mortality rate have been decreasing.High-risk regions are located in southern,eastern,and central China.Two peaks of HFMD infection cases were observed annually except for Northeast China.Different proportions of enterovirus serotypes were observed during the studied years.The predominant enterovirus varies from year to year,but the disease severity is always closely related to the specific serotype.EV-A71 is the dominant serotype associated with severe and fatal cases,with constituent ratios of 70.03%and 92.23%,respectively.The studied highly sensitive and efficient surveillance network provides information that is critical for prevention and control of the disease.It is extremely necessary and important to continuously conduct extensive virological surveillance for HFMD.展开更多
Summary What is known about this topic?Few major outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)have occurred in China after major nonpharmaceutical interventions and vaccines have been deployed and implemented.Howeve...Summary What is known about this topic?Few major outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)have occurred in China after major nonpharmaceutical interventions and vaccines have been deployed and implemented.However,sporadic outbreaks that had high possibility to be linked to cold chain products were reported in several cities of China..What is added by this report?In July 2020,a COVID-19 outbreak occurred in Dalian,China.The investigations of this outbreak strongly suggested that the infection source was from COVID-19 virus-contaminated packaging of frozen seafood during inbound unloading personnel contact.What are the implications for public health practice?Virus contaminated paper surfaces could maintain infectivity for at least 17–24 days at-25℃.Exposure to COVID-19 virus-contaminated surfaces is a potential route for introducing the virus to a susceptible population.Countries with no domestic transmission of COVID-19 should consider introducing prevention strategies for both inbound travellers and imported goods.Several measures to prevent the introduction of the virus via cold-chain goods can be implemented.展开更多
From July 22-23,3 local COVID-19 cases were reported in Dalian City,Liaoning Province,China.All 3 patients reported that they did not leave Dalian 14 days before the onset of disease and had no COVID-19 case contact h...From July 22-23,3 local COVID-19 cases were reported in Dalian City,Liaoning Province,China.All 3 patients reported that they did not leave Dalian 14 days before the onset of disease and had no COVID-19 case contact history and no foreign personnel contact history.Epidemiological investigation,medical isolation,and nucleic acid detection was immediately carried out in Dalian,and 12 asymptomatic infections were detected in close contacts of Patient 1.Because asymptomatic infections made up a large proportion of total infections,the outbreak was likely observed in the beginning stages.展开更多
Engineered nanocarriers have been widely developed for tumor theranostics.However,the delivery of imaging probes or therapeutic drugs to the tumor pre-formation site for early and accurate detection and therapy remain...Engineered nanocarriers have been widely developed for tumor theranostics.However,the delivery of imaging probes or therapeutic drugs to the tumor pre-formation site for early and accurate detection and therapy remains a major challenge.Here,by using tailor-functionalized human H-ferritin(HFn),we developed a triple-modality nanoprobe IRdye800-M-HFn and achieved the early imaging of tumor cells before the formation of solid tumor tissues.Then,we developed an HFn-doxorubicin(Dox)drug delivery system by loading Dox into the HFn protein cage and achieved early-stage tumor therapy.The intravenous injection of HFn nanoprobes enabled the imaging of tumor cells as early as two days after tumor implantation,and the triple-modality imaging techniques,namely,near-infrared fluorescence molecular imaging(NIR-FMI),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and photoacoustic imaging(PAI),ensured the accuracy of detection.Further exploration indicated that HFn could specifically penetrate into pre-solid tumor sites by tumor-associated inflammation-mediated blood vessel leakage,followed by effective accumulation in tumor cells by the specific targeting property of HFn to transferrin receptor 1.Thus,the HFn-Dox drug delivery system delivered Dox into the tumor pre-formation site and effectively killed tumor cells at early stage.IRDye800-M-HFn nanoprobes and HFn-Dox provide promising strategies for early-stage tumor diagnosis and constructive implications for early-stage tumor treatment.展开更多
The high incidence rates and complicated subtypes of prostate cancer(PCa)call for the demand of the precise diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.Current clinical imaging techniques,such as MRI,CT,and ultrasonography ...The high incidence rates and complicated subtypes of prostate cancer(PCa)call for the demand of the precise diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.Current clinical imaging techniques,such as MRI,CT,and ultrasonography are difficult to accurately detect the early-stage tumor lesions,and biochemical assays or biopsies are invasive and cannot provide sufficient information for the PCa staging and classification.Nanotechnology has the potential to improve the accuracy of current diagnosis strategies by targeting specific PCa biomarkers and/or integrating multiple imaging modes.In this review,we briefly introduce current clinical PCa imaging strategies and their major limitations,and highlight representative works on nanoparticle-mediated multimode imaging strategies.We also discuss the challenges of nanotechnology-based PCa diagnosis,and come up with suggestions and perspectives.展开更多
Enterovirus A71(EV-A71) causes major outbreaks of hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD) in many countries,most frequently affecting children,and a small proportion of cases may lead to death.Currently,no vaccine is availa...Enterovirus A71(EV-A71) causes major outbreaks of hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD) in many countries,most frequently affecting children,and a small proportion of cases may lead to death.Currently,no vaccine is available in most endemic regions,and no licenced treatments for EV-A71 infection are available.Here,we characterize a human monoclonal antibody(Hu MAb),E1,by screening a Fab antibody phage library derived from patients who recovered from EV-A71 infection.E1 exhibits strong neutralizing activity against EV-A71 virus in cells.The cryo-electron microscopy(cryo-EM) structures of the EV-A71 virion in complex with E1 Fab fragments demonstrated that E1 recognized an epitope formed by residues in the BC and HI loops of VP1.In a mouse model,E1 effectively protected against lethal EV-A71 challenge in both prophylactic and therapeutic treatment.In particular,E1 significantly reduces virus titers and muscle damage.E1 might represent a potential adjunct to EV-A71 treatment.展开更多
Dear Editor,The genus Enterovirus(EV),belonging to the family Picornaviridae,order Picornavirales,comprises 15 species:Enterovirus A–L and rhinovirus A–C(Zell et al.2017).Enterovirus A(EV-A)has 25 serotypes,includin...Dear Editor,The genus Enterovirus(EV),belonging to the family Picornaviridae,order Picornavirales,comprises 15 species:Enterovirus A–L and rhinovirus A–C(Zell et al.2017).Enterovirus A(EV-A)has 25 serotypes,including several pathogens,such as EV-A71,coxsackievirus A16(CV-A16),and CV-A6 that infect humans,as well as four serotypes(EV-A122,123,124,and 125)isolated from simians(Zell et al.2017).EV genomes share a similar structure with a length of 7.5 kb,and two open reading frames(ORFs)flanked by 5′-and 3′-untranslated regions(UTRs)in some EVs(Oberste et al.2013b;Zell et al.2017;Guo et al.2019;Lulla et al.2019).展开更多
基金funded by the National Science and Technology Major project of China(Project No.2017ZX10104001)the National key research and development project(Project No.2021YFC0863000)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Project No.L192014)。
文摘Coxsackievirus A24 variant(CVA24v)is a major pathogen that causes continued outbreaks and pandemics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis(AHC).In China,the first confirmed outbreak of CVA24v-related AHC occurred in Beijing in 1988,followed by another two significant outbreaks respectively in 1994 and 2007,which coincides with the three-stage dynamic distribution of AHC in the world after 1970s.To illustrate the genetic characteristics of CVA24v in different periods,a total of 23 strains were isolated from those three outbreaks and the whole genome of those isolations were sequenced and analyzed.Compared with the prototype strain,the 23 strains shared four nucleotide deletions in the 5'UTR except the 0744 strain isolated in 2007.And at the 98th site,one nucleotide insertion was found in all the strains collected from 2007.From 1994 to 2007,amino acid polarity in the VP1 region at the 25th and the 32nd site were changed.Both the 3C and VP1 phylogenetic tree indicated that isolates from 1988 and 1994 belonged to Genotype III(GIII),and 2007 strains to Genotype IV(GIV).According to the Bayesian analysis based on complete genome sequence,the most recent common ancestors for the isolates in1988,1994 and 2007 were respectively estimated around October 1987,February 1993 and December 2004.The evolutionary rate of the CVA24v was estimated to be 7.45×10^(-3) substitutions/site/year.Our study indicated that the early epidemic of CVA24v in Chinese mainland was the GIII.Point mutations and amino acid changes in different genotypes of CVA24v may generate intensity differences of the AHC outbreak.CVA24v has been evolving constantly with a relatively rapid rate.
基金supported by the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(Nos.2022-PUMCH-B-006 and 2022-PUMCH-C-067)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32271391)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.Z220022).
文摘Besides peripheral nerve injury,the acute inflammation is one of the pathological features of tissues after surgery,which exacerbates the postoperative pain,especially in the first 48 h after the surgery.Multimodal analgesia(MMA),such as the combination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)with local anesthetics,has shown enhanced potency compared with the usage of local anesthetics alone.However,rare formulations can provide long-term analgesia at a single dose.Herein,bupivacaine(BUP,a local anesthetic)loading poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)nanoparticles(NPB)were coated with meloxicam(MLX,an NSAID)loading lipid bilayer(LPM),forming a core–shell nanosystem(NPB@LPM)to provide enhanced and long-term analgesia to treat postoperative pain.MLX was encapsulated in the lipid shell,which enabled high dose MLX to be released in the first 48 h after surgery to reduce the acute inflammation induced pain.BUP was encapsulated in the PLGA core to provide a long-term release for the nerve block.This nanosystem provided a 7-day(whole recovery cycle)effective analgesia in the Brennan’s plantar incision rat model.The tissue reactions of NPB@LPM are benign.This work will provide feasible strategies on designing drug delivery systems for postoperative pain management.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52173120,21877023,32271391)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2021018,China)+1 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L222015,China)the Beijing Nova Program(20220484233,China)。
文摘As a representative chemotherapeutic drug,docetaxel(DTX)has been used for breast cancer treatment for decades.However,the poor solubility of DTX limits its efficacy,and the DTX based therapy increases the metastasis risk due to the upregulation of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4(CXCR4)expression during the treatment.Herein,we conjugated CXCR4 antagonist peptide(CTCE)with DTX(termed CTCE-DTX)as an anti-metastasis agent to treat breast cancer.CTCE-DTX could selfassemble to nanoparticles,targeting CXCR4-upregulated metastatic tumor cells and enhancing the DTX efficacy.Thus,the CTCE-DTX NPs achieved promising efficacy on inhibiting both bonespecific metastasis and lung metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer.Our work provided a rational strategy on designing peptide-drug conjugates with synergistic anti-tumor efficacy.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant Nos. 2017ZX10104001-005-010 and 2017ZX10103004-004)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 7184208)+2 种基金Capital Clinical Feature Project of Beijing Technology Program (Grant No. Z151100004015046)Basic and Clinical Research Cooperation Project of Capital Medical University (Grant No. 17JL11)Research Training Fund of Capital Medical University (Grant No. PYZ2017012)
文摘Echovirus 18(E18), a serotype of Enterovirus B(EV-B) species, is an important pathogen in aseptic meningitis. E18 had rarely been detected in China's Mainland, but became the predominant pathogen associated with viral encephalitis(VE) and meningitis in Hebei province for the first time in 2015. To investigate the molecular epidemiology and genetic characteristics of E18 in China's Mainland, sixteen E18 strains from patient throat swabs with hand, foot, and mouth disease(HFMD) in six provinces in China collected between 2015 and 2016, and four E18 strains isolated from 18 patient cerebrospinal fluid specimens with VE in Hebei Province in 2015 were obtained and sequenced. Combined with the sequences from the GenBank database, we performed an extensive genetic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of VP1 gene sequences revealed that all E18 strains from China's Mainland after 2015 belonged to subgenotype C2. There were no obvious specific differences in phylogenetic and variation analyses of E18 genome sequences between HFMD and VE/meningitis strains. Potential multiple recombination may have occurred in the 50-untranslated region and in the P2 and P3 nonstructural protein-encoding regions of E18 strains from China. The current E18 strains were potential multiplerecombinant viruses. Overall, these findings supported that E18 caused HFMD, VE, and meningitis, although there were no significant associations between clinical features and viral genomic characteristics.
基金Acknowledgments This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB934004), the National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists (31325010), the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KGZD-EW-T06) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31300822).
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901007,81630023,81970852,and 82000962)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences,China(2018-I2M-3-006 and 2019-I2M-5-022,China)+6 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020T130006ZX)the Open Project Fund provided by Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety,CAS(NSKF202019,China)the State Key Laboratory Special Fund 2060204the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFC0905200)the program for the Changjiang scholars and innovative research team(IRT13082,China)the Beijing Bai-Qian-Wan talent project(2019A32,China)the Public Welfare Development and Reform Pilot Project(2019-10,China)
文摘Natural extracellular vesicles(EVs)play important roles in many life processes such as in the intermolecular transfer of substances and genetic information exchanges.Investigating the origins and working mechanisms of natural EVs may provide an understanding of life activities,especially regarding the occurrence and development of diseases.Additionally,due to their vesicular structure,EVs(in small molecules,nucleic acids,proteins,etc.)could act as efficient drug-delivery carriers.Herein,we describe the sources and biological functions of various EVs,summarize the roles of EVs in disease diagnosis and treatment,and review the application of EVs as drug-delivery carriers.We also assess the challenges and perspectives of EVs in biomedical applications.
基金supported by Shanghai Sailing Program(Grant no:19YF1441500)Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning(Grant no:20184Y0101)Three-Year Action Plan of Shanghai Public Health System Construction(Grant no:GWV-2,GWV10.1-XK03)。
文摘Coxsackievirus A10(CVA10)is one of the major causative agents of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD).To investigate the epidemiological characteristics as well as genetic features of CVA10 currently circulating in Shanghai,China,we collected a total of 9,952 sporadic HFMD cases from January 2016 to December 2020.In the past five years,CVA10 was the fourth prevalent causatives associated with HFMD in Shanghai and the overall positive rate was 2.78%.The annual distribution experienced significant fluctuations over the past five years.In addition to entire VP1 sequencing,complete genome sequencing and recombination analysis of CVA10 isolates in Shanghai were further performed.A total of 64 near complete genomes and 11 entire VP1 sequences in this study combined with reference sequences publicly available were integrated into phylogenetic analysis.The CVA10sequences in this study mainly belonged to genogroup C and presented 91%-100%nucleotide identity with other Chinese isolates based on VP1 region.For the first time,our study reported the appearance of CVA10 genogroup D in Chinese mainland,which had led to large-scale outbreaks in Europe previously.The recombination analysis showed the recombination break point located between 5,100 nt and 6,700 nt,which suggesting intertypic recombination with CVA16 genogroup D.To conclusion,CVA10 genogroup C was the predominant genogroup in Shanghai during 2016-2020.CVA10 recombinant genogroup D was firstly reported in circulating in Chinese mainland.Continuous surveillance is needed to better understand the evolution relationships and transmission pathways of CVA10 to help to guide disease control and prevention.
基金supported by grants from the Key Technologies Research and Development Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology(grant numbers:2018ZX10713002,2017ZX10104001,and 2018ZX10713001-003).
文摘Hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)was reported in May 2,2008 to be the 38th legally notifiable disease in China's National Notifiable Disease Reporting and Surveillance System.In order to solve the infection,an extensive three-level HFMD surveillance laboratory network was established.In this study,the framework of that network is assessed and the incidence of HFMD in China from 2008 to 2017 is reported using a descriptive epidemiologic method.During these 10 years,a series of techniques have been widely applied in all the network laboratories.Using information and material obtained from the network,a virus bank and database containing 18,238 viruses were established.Nationally,18,184,834 HFMD cases,including 152,436 severe cases and 3633 fatal cases,were reported in mainland of China.The average annual incidence in the population was 133.99/100,000 people,with a maximum incidence of 205.06/100,000 people in 2014.The incidence and mortality rates of HFMD were the highest in children aged 1–2 years.The numbers of reported cases fluctuated,with a high incidence observed every 2 years.An overall increase in the number of reported cases was also observed throughout the study period.Despite this,the incidence of severe cases and the mortality rate have been decreasing.High-risk regions are located in southern,eastern,and central China.Two peaks of HFMD infection cases were observed annually except for Northeast China.Different proportions of enterovirus serotypes were observed during the studied years.The predominant enterovirus varies from year to year,but the disease severity is always closely related to the specific serotype.EV-A71 is the dominant serotype associated with severe and fatal cases,with constituent ratios of 70.03%and 92.23%,respectively.The studied highly sensitive and efficient surveillance network provides information that is critical for prevention and control of the disease.It is extremely necessary and important to continuously conduct extensive virological surveillance for HFMD.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1106600)the Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(ZH2018QNB07)。
基金The National Key Research and Development Project,Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2021YFC0863000,2018ZX10713002,and 2020YFC0846900),National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72042012,and No.82041032)and National Key Technology R&D Program of China(2017ZX10104001).
文摘Summary What is known about this topic?Few major outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)have occurred in China after major nonpharmaceutical interventions and vaccines have been deployed and implemented.However,sporadic outbreaks that had high possibility to be linked to cold chain products were reported in several cities of China..What is added by this report?In July 2020,a COVID-19 outbreak occurred in Dalian,China.The investigations of this outbreak strongly suggested that the infection source was from COVID-19 virus-contaminated packaging of frozen seafood during inbound unloading personnel contact.What are the implications for public health practice?Virus contaminated paper surfaces could maintain infectivity for at least 17–24 days at-25℃.Exposure to COVID-19 virus-contaminated surfaces is a potential route for introducing the virus to a susceptible population.Countries with no domestic transmission of COVID-19 should consider introducing prevention strategies for both inbound travellers and imported goods.Several measures to prevent the introduction of the virus via cold-chain goods can be implemented.
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Programs of China(Project No.2017ZX10104001,2018ZX 10102001,2018ZX10711001,2018ZX10713002).
文摘From July 22-23,3 local COVID-19 cases were reported in Dalian City,Liaoning Province,China.All 3 patients reported that they did not leave Dalian 14 days before the onset of disease and had no COVID-19 case contact history and no foreign personnel contact history.Epidemiological investigation,medical isolation,and nucleic acid detection was immediately carried out in Dalian,and 12 asymptomatic infections were detected in close contacts of Patient 1.Because asymptomatic infections made up a large proportion of total infections,the outbreak was likely observed in the beginning stages.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31900981,62027901,and 32000996)the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS(XDB29040101)+9 种基金CAS Inter-disciplinary Innovation Team(JCTD-2020-08)Chinese Academy of Sci-ences(YJKYYQ20180048)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(QYZDY-SSW-SMC013)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0205501,2017YFA0205200)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2019093)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M682358)the China Postdoctoral Science Special Foundation(2020TQ0280)the Grant for International Joint Research Project of the Institute of Medical Science,the University of Tokyo(Extension-2019-K3005)the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Basic Research Cooperation Special Program(19JCZDJC65300)the CAS Key La-boratory of Mental Health Grant(KLMH2020K02).
文摘Engineered nanocarriers have been widely developed for tumor theranostics.However,the delivery of imaging probes or therapeutic drugs to the tumor pre-formation site for early and accurate detection and therapy remains a major challenge.Here,by using tailor-functionalized human H-ferritin(HFn),we developed a triple-modality nanoprobe IRdye800-M-HFn and achieved the early imaging of tumor cells before the formation of solid tumor tissues.Then,we developed an HFn-doxorubicin(Dox)drug delivery system by loading Dox into the HFn protein cage and achieved early-stage tumor therapy.The intravenous injection of HFn nanoprobes enabled the imaging of tumor cells as early as two days after tumor implantation,and the triple-modality imaging techniques,namely,near-infrared fluorescence molecular imaging(NIR-FMI),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and photoacoustic imaging(PAI),ensured the accuracy of detection.Further exploration indicated that HFn could specifically penetrate into pre-solid tumor sites by tumor-associated inflammation-mediated blood vessel leakage,followed by effective accumulation in tumor cells by the specific targeting property of HFn to transferrin receptor 1.Thus,the HFn-Dox drug delivery system delivered Dox into the tumor pre-formation site and effectively killed tumor cells at early stage.IRDye800-M-HFn nanoprobes and HFn-Dox provide promising strategies for early-stage tumor diagnosis and constructive implications for early-stage tumor treatment.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA0909900)。
文摘The high incidence rates and complicated subtypes of prostate cancer(PCa)call for the demand of the precise diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.Current clinical imaging techniques,such as MRI,CT,and ultrasonography are difficult to accurately detect the early-stage tumor lesions,and biochemical assays or biopsies are invasive and cannot provide sufficient information for the PCa staging and classification.Nanotechnology has the potential to improve the accuracy of current diagnosis strategies by targeting specific PCa biomarkers and/or integrating multiple imaging modes.In this review,we briefly introduce current clinical PCa imaging strategies and their major limitations,and highlight representative works on nanoparticle-mediated multimode imaging strategies.We also discuss the challenges of nanotechnology-based PCa diagnosis,and come up with suggestions and perspectives.
基金supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(2016-I2M-1-014)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31500757 and 12034006)。
文摘Enterovirus A71(EV-A71) causes major outbreaks of hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD) in many countries,most frequently affecting children,and a small proportion of cases may lead to death.Currently,no vaccine is available in most endemic regions,and no licenced treatments for EV-A71 infection are available.Here,we characterize a human monoclonal antibody(Hu MAb),E1,by screening a Fab antibody phage library derived from patients who recovered from EV-A71 infection.E1 exhibits strong neutralizing activity against EV-A71 virus in cells.The cryo-electron microscopy(cryo-EM) structures of the EV-A71 virion in complex with E1 Fab fragments demonstrated that E1 recognized an epitope formed by residues in the BC and HI loops of VP1.In a mouse model,E1 effectively protected against lethal EV-A71 challenge in both prophylactic and therapeutic treatment.In particular,E1 significantly reduces virus titers and muscle damage.E1 might represent a potential adjunct to EV-A71 treatment.
基金This study was supported by the National Science and Technology Major project of China(Project Nos.2017ZX10104001,2018ZX10201002-003-003,2018ZX10101002004-006 and 2018ZX10711001)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Project No.L192014)+1 种基金the Key Technologies R&D Program of the National Ministry of Science(Project Nos.2018ZX10713002 and 2018ZX10101002-005-008)National Natural Youth Science Foundation(Project Nos.31900140)。
文摘Dear Editor,The genus Enterovirus(EV),belonging to the family Picornaviridae,order Picornavirales,comprises 15 species:Enterovirus A–L and rhinovirus A–C(Zell et al.2017).Enterovirus A(EV-A)has 25 serotypes,including several pathogens,such as EV-A71,coxsackievirus A16(CV-A16),and CV-A6 that infect humans,as well as four serotypes(EV-A122,123,124,and 125)isolated from simians(Zell et al.2017).EV genomes share a similar structure with a length of 7.5 kb,and two open reading frames(ORFs)flanked by 5′-and 3′-untranslated regions(UTRs)in some EVs(Oberste et al.2013b;Zell et al.2017;Guo et al.2019;Lulla et al.2019).