Fluid property identification of the Lower Cretaceous reservoirs with complex oil-water contacts in Deseo Basin,Chad

Recently,exploration breakthroughs have been made in the Lower Cretaceous sandstone reservoirs in the Doseo Basin,but the identification of reservoir fluid property is difficult due to variable reservoir lithology,complex oil-water contact within and faint responses of the oil zone,which causes the lower accuracy of reservoir fluid property identification with conventional mudlogging and wirelogging techniques.Applying the geochemical logging,fluorescent logging,mud logging and cutting logging technology,in combination with formation test data,this paper distinguishes the crude oil types,analyzes the logging response characteristics of oil zone after water washing,and establishes the interpretation charts and parameter standards for reservoir fluid properties.The crude oil can be divided into two types,namely viscous-heavy and thin-light,based on total hydrocarbon content and component concentration tested by mud logging,features of pyrolysis gas chromatogram and fluorescence spectroscopy.The general characteristics of oil layers experienced water washing include the decrease of total hydrocarbon content and component concentration from mud logging,the decrease of S1 and PS values from geochemical logging,the decrease of hydrocarbon abundance and absence of some light components in pyrolysis gas chromatogram,and the decrease of fluorescence area and intensity from fluorescence logging.According to crude oil types,the cross plots of S1 versus peak-baseline ratio,and the cross plots of rock wettability versus fluorescence area ratio are drawn and used to interpret reservoir fluid property.Meanwhile,the standards of reservoir fluid parameter are established combining with the parameters of PS and the parameters in above charts,and comprehensive multiparameter correlation in both vertical and horizontal ways is also performed to interpret reservoir fluid property.The application in the Doseo Basin achieved great success,improving interpretation ability of fluid property in the reservoir with complex oil-water contact,and also provided technical reference for the efficient exploration and development of similar reservoirs.

Optimization of Polysaccharides Extraction from Physalis alkekengi L.Peel and Its Effect on the Expression of Inflammation-Related Proteins in SW620 Cells

Objective:To establish an optimized aqueous extraction process for polysaccharides from Physalis alkekengi L.peel and to preliminarily explore its in vitro anti-inflammatory activity against colorectal cancer SW620 cells.Methods:A single-factor test combined with orthogonal test analysis was used to evaluate the effects of the material-to-liquid ratio,extraction temperature,and extraction time on the yield of polysaccharides from Physalis alkekengi L.peel.The antioxidant activity of the polysaccharides was assessed by analyzing their free radical scavenging ability in vitro,and the anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated using SW620 cells.Results:The optimal extraction conditions were a material-to-liquid ratio of m(g):V(mL)=1:30,an extraction temperature of 100℃,and an extraction time of 40 minutes,with a predicted polysaccharide yield of 25.7%.The polysaccharides from Physalis peruviana peel effectively scavenged DPPH,superoxide anion,and hydroxyl radicals.After treatment with Physalis peruviana polysaccharides,the levels of IL-1β,IL-18,and TNF-αin the cell culture medium were significantly reduced,and the phosphorylation level of P65 protein in SW620 cells was decreased.Conclusion:This extraction method is stable and reliable,and the prepared Physalis alkekengi L.polysaccharides exhibit significant in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.This study provides a theoretical basis for developing drugs for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.

Laboratory hematologic features of COVID-19 associated liver injury:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Liver injury is a common complication of infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)virus.The utility of laboratory hematology data in the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has not been comprehensively examined.AIM To address the following.(1)Are the abnormalities in hematologic parameters seen in the general population of patients with COVID-19 also seen in those patients with associated liver injury?(2)Is liver injury in COVID-19 a sign of severe disease and does liver injury correlate with hematologic markers of severe disease?And(3)What is the quality of this evidence?METHODS To address these questions,a comprehensive systematic review was performed.We searched the peer reviewed medical literature using MEDLINE(PubMed interface),Web of Science,and EMBASE for cohort studies that specifically addressed liver injury and COVID-19 without limitation of date of publication or language.A quality assessment of the studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.RESULTS Thirty-two articles were suitable for inclusion in our systematic review.These included 22 articles with a cohort of COVID-19 patients with liver injury,5 comparing non-severe vs severe COVID-19 populations in which liver injury was addressed,and 5 other cohort studies with a focus on liver injury.White blood cell count,absolute neutrophil count,absolute lymphocyte count(ALC),and hemoglobin were the parameters most helpful in distinguishing COVID-19 with liver injury from COVID-19 without liver injury.ALC and d-dimer were identified as being potentially useful in distinguishing non-severe from severe COVID-19. Liver injury was more frequently seen in cohorts with severe disease.Most studies were of high quality (24/48, 86%) with 4/28 (14%) of moderatequality and 0 of low quality.CONCLUSIONOur study supports the use of select hematologic parameters in diagnosis and riskstratification of liver injury in COVID-19 patients. Although of overall highquality, the current medical literature is limited by the small number of studieswith high statistical power and the variable definition of COVID-19 liver injury inthe literature.

Progress in MXene-based catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction

Electrochemical water splitting for hydrogen generation is considered one of the most promising strategies for reducing the use of fossil fuels and storing renewable electricity in hydrogen fuel.However,the anodic oxygen evolution process remains a bottleneck due to the remarkably high overpotential of about 300 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm^(−2).The key to solving this dilemma is the development of highly efficient catalysts with minimized overpotential,long-term stability,and low cost.As a new 2D material,MXene has emerged as an intriguing material for future energy conversion technology due to its benefits,including superior conductivity,excellent hydrophilic properties,high surface area,versatile chemical composition,and ease of processing,which make it a potential constituent of the oxygen evolution catalyst layer.This review aims to summarize and discuss the recent development of oxygen evolution catalysts using MXene as a component,emphasizing the synthesis and synergistic effect of MXene-based composite catalysts.Based on the discussions summarized in this review,we also provide future research directions regarding electronic interaction,stability,and structural evolution of MXene-based oxygen evolution catalysts.We believe that a broader and deeper research in this area could accelerate the discovery of efficient catalysts for electrochemical oxygen evolution.

Organic interfacial engineering of gold nanowires for selective glycerol electrooxidation

The selective electrochemical conversion of glycerol into value-added products is a green and sustainable strategy for the biomass utilization.In this work,Au nanowires(Au-NW)modified with polyethyleneimine(PEI)molecule(Au-NW@PEI)is obtained by an up-bottom post-modification approach.Physical characterization,molecular dynamics simulation and density functional theory demonstrate that the loose-packed PEI monolayer firmly and uniformly distribute on the Au-NW surface due to the strong Au-N interaction.Electrochemical experiments and product analysis display that PEI modification significantly enhance the electro-activity of Au-NW for the glycerol electro-oxidation reaction(GEOR)due to the electronic effect.Meanwhile,the steric hindrance and electrostatic effect of PEI layer make the optimizing adsorption of intermediates possible.Therefore,the selectivity of C3 product glyceric acid over Au-NW@PEI is increased by nearly 20%.The work thus indicates that the rational design of metal-organic interface can effectively elevate the electro-activity and selectivity of Au nanostructures,which may have wide application in biomass development.

移动支付对中国家庭碳消费的影响——来自家庭碳足迹的证据

低碳消费是实现经济社会协调可持续发展的必由之路。家庭作为消费活动的重要主体,践行低碳消费行动对于实现碳中和、碳达峰目标具有飞跃性意义。文章运用2017年和2019年中国家庭普惠金融调查数据计算出家庭碳足迹,并运用差分模型,精确识别了移动支付对家庭碳排放的影响。研究发现,相对于未使用移动支付的家庭,一直使用移动支付的家庭和新增使用移动支付的家庭人均碳消费会显著减少。分碳足迹类型来看,移动支付对不同类型碳消费的影响不同,随着时间的推移,可能会呈现非线性影响。研究还发现,移动支付对不同分位点碳足迹的影响也是不同的。此外,移动支付对家庭碳消费的负向影响在农村地区、南方地区和东部地区更大且更显著。研究为数字经济与低碳经济协同可持续发展提供了重要参考。

Utilization and quality assessment of digestive endoscopy in China:results from 5-year consecutive nationwide surveys

Background:Worldwide,the volume and availability of digestive endoscopy have undergone dramatic development in recent years,with increasing attention on quality assurance.We investigated the utilization and quality of digestive endoscopy in China from 2015 to 2019 and developed a quantitative quality evaluation tool for medical institutions.Methods:We invited all tertiary/secondary hospitals in Chinese mainland to participate in the survey annually.The questionnaires included the personnel,annual volume,and quality indicators of endoscopy.An endoscopy quality index(EQI)was developed based on recorded quality indicators using principal component analysis to determine the relative weight.Results:From 2015 to 2019,806,1412,2644,2468,and 2541 hospitals were respectively enrolled in this study.The average annual volume of endoscopy increased from 12,445 to 16,206(1.30-fold)and from 2938 to 4255(1.45-fold)in tertiary and secondary hospitals,respectively.The most obvious growth was observed in diagnostic colonoscopy(1.44-fold for all hospitals after standardization).The proportion of early cancer among all esophageal and gastric cancers during diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy increased from 12.3%(55,210/448,861)to 17.7%(85,429/482,647)and from 11.4%(69,411/608,866)to 16.9%(107,192/634,235),respectively.The adenoma detection rate of diagnostic colonoscopy increased from 14.9%(2,118,123/14,215,592)to 19.3%(3,943,203/20,431,104).The EQI model included 12 quality indicators,incorporating 64.9%(7.792/12)of the total variance into one comprehensive index.According to the EQI measurements,the quality of endoscopy was higher in tertiary hospitals and hospitals in developed areas with higher volume or more endoscopists than that in other hospitals.Conclusions:Digestive endoscopy in China has developed considerably in recent years in terms of both volume and quality.The EQI is a promising tool to quantify the quality of endoscopy at different hospitals.

The First High-quality Reference Genome of Sika Deer Provides Insights into High-tannin Adaptation

Sika deer are known to prefer oak leaves,which are rich in tannins and toxic to most mammals;however,the genetic mechanisms underlying their unique ability to adapt to living in the jungle are still unclear.In identifying the mechanism responsible for the tolerance of a highly toxic diet,we have made a major advancement by explaining the genome of sika deer.We generated the first high-quality,chromosome-level genome assembly of sika deer and measured the correlation between tannin intake and RNA expression in 15 tissues through 180 experiments.Comparative genome analyses showed that the UGT and CYP gene families are functionally involved in the adaptation of sika deer to high-tannin food,especially the expansion of the UGT family 2 subfamily B of UGT genes.The first chromosome-level assembly and genetic characterization of the tolerance to a highly toxic diet suggest that the sika deer genome may serve as an essential resource for understanding evolutionary events and tannin adaptation.Our study provides a paradigm of comparative expressive genomics that can be applied to the study of unique biological features in non-model animals.

Engineering electrochemical actuators with large bending strain based on 3D-structure titanium carbide MXene composites

Electrically responsive electrochemical actuators that contain a polymer electrolyte membrane laminated between two electrodes have attracted great attention due to their potential applications in smart electronics,wearable devices,and soft robotics.However,some challenges such as the achievement of large bending strain under low applied voltage and fast ion diffusion and accumulation still exist to be resolved.The key to the solution lies in the choice of electrode materials and the design of electrode structures.In this study,an engineering electrochemical actuator that presents large bending strain under low applied voltage based on MXene/polystyrene-MXene hybrid electrodes is developed.The developed electrochemical actuator based on the MXene/polystyrene-MXene 3D-structure is found to exhibit large bending strain(ca.1.18%),broad frequency bandwidth,good durability(90%retention after 10,000 cycles)and considerable Young’s modulus(ca.246 MPa).The high-performance actuation mainly stems from the excellent properties of MXene and 3D-structure of the electrode.The MXene provides excellent mechanical strength and high electrical conductivity which facilitate strong interaction and rapid electron transfer in electrodes.The 3D architectures formed by polystyrene microspheres generate unimpeded ion pathways for ionic short diffusion and fast injection.This study reveals that the 3D-structure hybrid electrodes play a crucial role in promoting the performance of such electrochemical actuators.

Aptamer-based molecular imaging

Molecular imaging has greatly advanced basic biology and translational medicine through visualization and quantification of single/multiple molecular events temporally and spatially in a cellular context and in living organisms.Aptamers,short single-stranded nucleic acids selected in vitro to bind a broad range of target molecules avidly and specifically,are ideal molecular recognition elements for probe development in molecular imaging.This review summarizes the current state of aptamer-based biosensor development(probe design and imaging modalities)and their application in imaging small molecules,nucleic acids and proteins mostly in a cellular context with some animal studies.The article is concluded with a brief discussion on the perspective of aptamer-based molecular imaging.