Architecture engineering of carbonaceous anodes for high-rate potassium-ion batteries

The limited lithium resource in earth's crust has stimulated the pursuit of alternative energy storage technologies to lithium-ion battery.Potassium-ion batteries(KIBs)are regarded as a kind of promising candidate for large-scale energy storage owing to the high abundance and low cost of potassium resources.Nevertheless,further development and wide application of KIBs are still challenged by several obstacles,one of which is their fast capacity deterioration at high rates.A considerable amount of effort has recently been devoted to address this problem by developing advanced carbonaceous anode materials with diverse structures and morphologies.This review presents and highlights how the architecture engineering of carbonaceous anode materials gives rise to high-rate performances for KIBs,and also the beneficial conceptions are consciously extracted from the recent progress.Particularly,basic insights into the recent engineering strategies,structural innovation,and the related advances of carbonaceous anodes for high-rate KIBs are under specific concerns.Based on the achievements attained so far,a perspective on the foregoing,and proposed possible directions,and avenues for designing high-rate anodes,are presented finally.

Unveiling the role of lithiophilic sites denseness in regulating lithium ion deposition

The construction of lithiophilic sites is an effective way to achieve uniform lithium(Li)ion deposition for stably cycling Li metal batteries.However,in-depth investigations involving lithiophilic sites denseness(LSD)in impacting Li ion deposition remain unknown.Herein we propose an insight into this issue by probing the effect of LSD on determining the Li ion deposition.Experimental characterization and theoretical simulation demonstrate that rational LSD plays a vital role in both Li nucleation and the subsequent Li ion plating behaviors.By tailoring the LSD from low to high,the accompanied Li nucleation overpotentials continuously decrease.Additionally,the Li ion mobility increases first and then weakens in the subsequent Li ion plating stage.Consequently,the Li metal with a moderate LSD allows a dendritefree morphology and satisfactory long-term cycling performances.This work affords a deeper fundamental understanding of lithiophilic chemistry that directs the development of efficient strategies to realize dendrite-free Li metal batteries.