Identification of a Novel OsCYP2 Allele that Was Involved in Rice Response to Low Temperature Stress

Cyclophilin(CYP)plays an important role in plant response to stress,and OsCYP2,one gene of cyclophlilin family,is involved in auxin signal transduction and stress signaling in rice.However,the mechanism that OsCYP2 is involved in rice response to low temperature is still unclear.We identified a new OsCYP2 allelic mutant,lrl3,with fewer lateral roots,and the differences in shoot height,primary root length and adventitious root length increased with the growth process compared to the wild-type plant.Auxin signaling pathway was also affected and became insensitive to gravity.The transgenic rice plants with over-expression of OsCYP2 were more tolerant to low temperature than the wild-type plants,suggesting that OsCYP2 was involved in the low temperature response in rice.In addition,OsCYP2 negatively regulated the expression of OsTPS38,a terpene synthase gene,and was dependent on the OsCDPK7-mediated pathway in response to low temperature stress.OsTPS38-overexpressed transgenic line ox-2 was more sensitive to low temperature.Therefore,OsCYP2 may negatively regulate OsTPS38 through an OsCDPK7-dependent pathway to mediate the response to low temperature in rice.These results provide a new basis for auxin signaling genes to regulate rice response to low temperature stress.

草酸钙结晶沉淀条件对白云石中钙含量测定的影响

“高锰酸钾法测定白云石中钙含量”是训练学生综合实验能力的经典分析化学实验,包括白云石矿样的溶解,草酸钙沉淀的制备和洗涤,高锰酸钾溶液浓度的标定和草酸钙沉淀的滴定。因实验过程复杂,影响因素多,学生常常为如何把测定误差控制在3‰以内而犯难。为此,我们指导学生在不同实验条件下,从溶解的白云石矿样溶液中沉淀草酸钙,研究草酸钙沉淀的颗粒大小和表面形貌与钙含量测定结果之间的关系,揭示影响钙含量测定准确度的控制因素。不仅加深了学生对实验过程的了解,而且激发了他们对化学实验学习的兴趣,提升了实验能力,增强了科研自信心。

Online Identification of Lithium-ion Battery Model Parameters with Initial Value Uncertainty and Measurement Noise

Online parameter identification is essential for the accuracy of the battery equivalent circuit model(ECM).The traditional recursive least squares(RLS)method is easily biased with the noise disturbances from sensors,which degrades the modeling accuracy in practice.Meanwhile,the recursive total least squares(RTLS)method can deal with the noise interferences,but the parameter slowly converges to the reference with initial value uncertainty.To alleviate the above issues,this paper proposes a co-estimation framework utilizing the advantages of RLS and RTLS for a higher parameter identification performance of the battery ECM.RLS converges quickly by updating the parameters along the gradient of the cost function.RTLS is applied to attenuate the noise effect once the parameters have converged.Both simulation and experimental results prove that the proposed method has good accuracy,a fast convergence rate,and also robustness against noise corruption.

Fabrication of gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel microneedles for transdermal delivery of metformin in diabetic rats

Injection therapy for diabetes has poor patient compliance,and the pain occurring at the site of subcutaneous injections causes significant inconvenience to diabetic patients.In this work,to demonstrate the benefits of an alternative drug delivery technique that overcomes these issues,methacrylated gelatin hydrogel-forming microneedles integrated with metformin were developed to adjust blood glucose levels in diabetic rats.Gelatin methacryloyl microneedles(GelMA-MNs)with different degrees of substitution were successfully prepared by a micro-molding method.The resultant GelMA-MNs exhibited excellent mechanical properties and moisture resistance.Metformin,an anti-diabetic drug,was further encapsulated into the GelMA-MNs,and its release rate could be controlled by the three-dimensional cross-linked network of microneedles,thereby exhibiting sustained drug release behaviors in vitro and implying a better therapeutic effect compared with that of subcutaneous injection in diabetic rats.The drug release period could be significantly prolonged by improving the cross-link density of GelMA-MNs.The results of hypoglycemic effect evaluation show that the application of GelMA-MNs for transdermal delivery in diabetic rats has promising benefits for diabetes treatment.

A crosslinked polymer as dopant-free hole-transport material for efficient n-i-p type perovskite solar cells

A new crosslinked polymer,called P65,with appropriate photo-electrochemical,opto-electronic,and thermal properties,has been designed and synthesized as an efficient,dopant-free,hole-transport material(HTM)for n-i-p type planar perovskite solar cells(PSCs).P65 is obtained from a low-cost and easily synthesized spiro[fluorene-9,90-xanthene]-30,60-diol(SFX-OH)-based monomer X65 through a freeradical polymerization reaction.The combination of a three-dimensional(3 D)SFX core unit,holetransport methoxydiphenylamine group,and crosslinked polyvinyl network provides P65 with good solubility and excellent film-forming properties.By employing P65 as a dopant-free hole-transport layer in conventional n-i-p type PSCs,a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of up to 17.7%is achieved.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first time a 3 D,crosslinked,polymeric dopant-free HTM has been reported for use in conventional n-i-p type PSCs.This study provides a new strategy for the future development of a 3 D crosslinked polymeric dopant-free HTM with a simple synthetic route and low-cost for commercial,large-scale applications in future PSCs.

Switching O-O bond formation mechanism between WNA and I2M pathways by modifying the Ru-bda backbone ligands of water-oxidation catalysts

Understanding the seven coordination and O-O coupling pathway of the distinguished Ru-bda catalysts is essential for the development of next generation efficient water-oxidation catalysts based on earthabundant metals.This work reports the synthesis,characterization and catalytic properties of a monomeric ruthenium catalyst Ru-bnda(H2 bnda=2,2’-bi(nicotinic acid)-6,6’-dicarboxylic acid)featuring steric hindrance and enhanced hydrophilicity on the backbone.Combining experimental evidence with systematic density functional theory calculations on the Ru-bnda and related catalysts Ru-bda(H_(2)bda=2,2’-bipyridine-6,6’-dicarboxylic acid),Ru-pda(H_(2)pda=1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylic acid),and Ru-biqa(H_(2)biqa=(1,1’-biisoquinoline)-3,3’-dicarboxylic acid),we emphasized that seven coordination clearly determines presence of Ru^(Ⅴ)=O with high spin density on the ORu^(Ⅴ)=O atom,i.e.oxo with radical properties,which is one of the necessary conditions for reacting through the O-O coupling pathway.However,an additional factor to make the condition sufficient is the favorable intermolecular faceto-face interaction for the generation of the pre-reactive[Ru^(Ⅴ)=O…O=Ru^(Ⅴ)],which may be significantly influenced by the secondary coordination environments.This work provides a new understanding of the structure-activity relationship of water-oxidation catalysts and their potential to adopt I2M pathway for O-O bond formation.

Research on the Voltage Interaction of Multi-Infeed HVDC System and Interaction Factor

In multi-infeed HVDC system, the interactions and influences between DC systems AC systems are complex as the electrical distances among DC converter stations which are relatively short. Multi-infeed interaction factor (MIIF) can effectively reflect the interaction among DC systems. The paper theoretically analyzes the impact factors of MIIF like the electrical distances between two DC converter stations and the equivalent impedance of the receiving end AC system. By applying the Kirchhoff’s current law on the inverter AC bus, the paper deduces the analytical expressions for MIIF. From the expression, it is clear how the equivalent impedance of AC system and coupling impedance can affect MIIF. PSCAD simulations validate the effectiveness and the correctness of the proposed expression and some useful conclusions are drawn.

The future challenges in molecular water oxidation catalysts

Energy is the bedrock of a functioning society,and artificial photosynthesis provides a possible solution for the generation of clean and affordable energy by storing the power of sunlight in chemical fuels via proton,nitrogen,and carbon dioxide reduction reactions[1].

Oxidative cyclization of allyl compounds and isocyanide: A facile entry to polysubstituted 2-cyanopyrroles

A facile Tf OH-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of allyl compounds and isocyanide has been developed with the assistance of DDQ, where isocyanide is used as the crucial "N" and "CN" sources. Highly functionalized 2-cyanopyrroles are constructed efficiently through a new formal [3 + 2] mode, demonstrating diverse reactivity and synthetic utility in organic chemistry. 2-Cyanopyrrole is converted into a nucleobase analogue of Remdesivir and 5H-pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoindole through a three-step or a two-step sequence, respectively. This protocol features broad substrate scope, operational simplicity and good functional group tolerance.

A Novel Location Method for Interline Power Flow Controllers Based on Entropy Theory

As one of the new generation flexible AC transmission systems(FACTS)devices,the interline power flow controller(IPFC)has the significant advantage of simultaneously regulating the power flow of multiple lines.Nevertheless,how to choose the appropriate location for the IPFC converters has not been discussed thoroughly.To solve this problem,this paper proposes a novel location method for IPFC using entropy theory.To clarify IPFC’s impact on system power flow,its operation mechanism and control strategies of different types of serial converters are discussed.Subsequently,to clarify the system power flow characteristic suitable for device location analysis,the entropy concept is introduced.In this process,the power flow distribution entropy index is used as an optimization index.Using this index as a foundation,the power flow transfer entropy index is also generated and proposed for the IPFC location determination study.Finally,electromechanical electromagnetic hybrid simulations based on ADPSS are implemented for validation.These are tested in a practical power grid with over 800 nodes.A modular multilevel converter(MMC)-based IPFC electromagnetic model is also established for precise verification.The results show that the proposed method can quickly and efficiently complete optimized IPFC location and support IPFC to determine an optimal adjustment in the N-1 fault cases.

Joint Limiting Control Strategy Based on Virtual Impedance Shaping for Suppressing DC Fault Current and Arm Current in MMC-HVDC Systems

This paper proposes a joint limiting control strategy for suppressing DC fault current and arm current in modular multilevel converter-based high-voltage direct current(MMC-HVDC) systems, which includes two target-oriented current limiting controls. To limit the DC fault current in the early fault stage, an equivalent modular multilevel converter(MMC) impedance is obtained, and its high-frequency part is reshaped by introducing virtual impedance, which is realized by adjusting the inserted submodules adaptively. Following the analysis of MMC control characteristics, the arm current limiting strategy is investigated, with results showing that the inner-loop control has significant effects on arm current and that a simple low-pass filter can reduce the arm current in the fault period. Finally, by combining the virtual impedance shaping and innerloop control, the fault currents of DC lines and MMC arms can be suppressed simultaneously, which can not only alleviate the interrupting pressure of the DC circuit breaker, but also prevent the MMC from being blocked by the arm overcurrent. Theoretical analysis conclusions and the proposed strategy are verified offline by a digital time-domain simulation on Power Systems Computer Aided Design/Electromagnetic Transients including DC platform, and experiment on a real-time digital simulator platform.

Operation-area-constrained Adaptive Primary Frequency Support Strategy for Electric Vehicle Clusters

Due to their fast response and strong short-term power throughput capacity, electric vehicles(EVs) are promising for providing primary frequency support to power grids. However, due to the complicated charging demands of drivers, it is challenging to efficiently utilize the regulation capacity of EV clusters for providing stable primary frequency support to the power grid. Accordingly, this paper proposes an adaptive primary frequency support strategy for EV clusters constrained by the charging-behavior-defined operation area. First, the forced charging boundary of the EV is determined according to the driver's charging behavior, and based on this, the operation area is defined. This ensures full utilization of the available frequency support capacity of the EV. An adaptive primary frequency support strategy of EV clusters is then proposed. The output power of EV is adaptively regulated according to the real-time distance from the EV operating point to the forced charging boundary. With the proposed strategy, when the EV approaches the forced charging boundary, its output power is gradually reduced to zero. Then, the rapid state-of-charge declines of EVs and sudden output power reductions in EV clusters caused by forced charging to meet the driver's charging demands can be effectively avoided. EV clusters can then provide sustainable frequency support to the power grid without violating the driver's charging demands. Simulation results validate the proposed operation-area-constrained adaptive primary frequency support strategy, which outperforms the average strategy in terms of stable output maintenance and the optimal utilization of regulation capacities of EV clusters.

Impact of Grid Topology on Pole-to-ground Fault Current in Bipolar DC Grids:Mechanism and Evaluation

The fault current level analysis is important for bipolar direct current(DC)grids,which determines the operation and protection requirements.The DC grid topology significantly impacts the current path and then the fault current level of the grid,which makes it possible to limit the fault current by optimizing the grid topology.However,the corresponding discussion in the literature is indigent.Aiming at this point,the impact of grid topology,i.e.,the connecting scheme of converters,on the pole-to-ground fault current in bipolar DC grids,is investigated in this paper,and the ground-return-based and metallic-return-based grounding schemes are considered,respectively.Firstly,the decoupled equivalent model in frequency domain for fault current analysis is obtained.Then,the impacts of converters with different distances to the fault point on the fault current can be analyzed according to the high-frequency impedance characteristics.Based on the analysis results,a simplified fault current index(SFCI)is proposed to realize the fast evaluation of impact of grid topology on the fault current level.The SFCI is then applied to evaluate the relative fault current level.Finally,the simulation results validate the model,the analysis method,and the SFCI,which can effectively evaluate the relative fault current level in a direct and fast manner.

基于钌络合物催化水氧化反应中的质子传递调节:不止第二配位环境

Proton transfer is a pivotal chemical process that occurs in a wide range of enzymatic reactions.One example is the identification of several water channels near the oxygen-evolving complex in photosystem II(OEC in PSII),which allows for substrate supply and proton release[1].

纳米器件空间辐射效应机理和模拟试验技术研究进展

电子器件空间辐射效应是影响航天器在轨长期可靠运行的重要因素之一,一直是国际上抗辐射加固技术领域研究的热点和难点.高可靠、高集成度、高性能、低功耗、低成本是未来新一代先进电子系统发展的必然要求,采用更高性能的抗辐射加固纳米器件是必然的趋势.本文在深入调研国内外研究现状的基础上,分析了纳米器件辐射效应面临的新问题.纳米工艺存在着很多不同于大尺寸工艺的特点,沟道长度缩小到十几个纳米,栅氧化层等效厚度小于1 nm.在工艺上引入了纵向逆掺杂阱或横向晕环掺杂技术,以降低栅极诱导漏极漏电效应;在材料上引入了多元半导体材料、应变硅、锗硅、高k栅介质、金属栅极等,以降低器件功耗;在结构上引入了三维Fin FET结构,以增强栅的控制能力.这种趋于物理极限的工艺特点、新材料和新结构的采用产生了许多新的辐射效应现象和机制,模拟试验技术更加复杂,给抗辐射加固技术研究带来了新的挑战.本文综述了纳米器件辐射效应的研究现状和趋势,重点针对28 nm及以下特征工艺纳米器件辐射效应研究及模拟试验的需求,提出了需要研究的科学问题和关键技术,希望能为纳米器件抗辐射加固与空间应用提供参考.

微针及其在生物诊疗中的应用研究进展

微针在过去几十年中发展迅速,在透皮给药等领域已得到了广泛的研究。近些年随着微电子技术的蓬勃兴起,微针在生物诊疗中的应用越来越多的受到人们关注。通过微针提取血液和组织液进行检测分析以及微针作为电极在体液内直接对血糖、黑色素瘤、pH值等进行实时检测方面,都展现出了良好的实时检测应用前景。文中综述了微针的材料与结构设计及其在生物诊疗中的最新研究进展。

Robust coordination of interdependent electricity and natural gas systems in day-ahead scheduling for facilitating volatile renewable generations via power-to-gas technology

The increasing interdependency of electricity and natural gas systems promotes coordination of the two systems for ensuring operational security and economics.This paper proposes a robust day-ahead scheduling model for the optimal coordinated operation of integrated energy systems while considering key uncertainties of the power system and natural gas system operation cost. Energy hub,with collocated gas-fired units, power-to-gas(Pt G) facilities, and natural gas storages, is considered to store or convert one type of energy(i.e., electricity or natural gas)into the other form, which could analogously function as large-scale electrical energy storages. The column-andconstraint generation(C&CG) is adopted to solve the proposed integrated robust model, in which nonlinear natural gas network constraints are reformulated via a set of linear constraints. Numerical experiments signify the effectiveness of the proposed model for handling volatile electrical loads and renewable generations via the coordinated scheduling of electricity and natural gas systems.

Electrospun Scaff old of Collagen and Polycaprolactone Containing ZnO Quantum Dots for Skin Wound Regeneration

Nanofibers(NFs)have been widely used in tissue engineering such as wound healing.In this work,the antibacterial ZnO quantum dots(ZnO QDs)have been incorporated into the biocompatible poly(ε-caprolactone)/collagen(PCL/Col)fibrous scaffolds for wound healing.The as-fabricated PCL-Col/ZnO fibrous scaffolds exhibited good swelling,antibacterial activity,and biodegradation behaviors,which were beneficial for the applications as a wound dressing.Moreover,the PCL-Col/ZnO fibrous scaffolds showed excellent cytocompatibility for promoting cell proliferation.The resultant PCL-Col/ZnO fibrous scaffolds containing vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)also exhibited promoted wound-healing effect through promoting expression of transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)and the vascular factor(CD31)in tissues in the early stages of wound healing.This new electrospun fibrous scaffolds with wound-healing promotion and antibacterial property should be convenient for treating wound healing.

MicroRNA-7-5p Inhibits Migration,Invasion and Metastasis of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma by Inhibiting MyD88

Background and Aims:Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)is a malignant tumor derived from intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells.Accumulating studies report that microRNAs are widely involved in tumor migration and metastasis by regulation of target genes.miR-7-5p has been confirmed to inhibit tumor metastasis and to be related to prognosis for several malignant tumors.Our study investigated the underlying functions of miR-7-5p in ICC.Methods:The expression of miR-7-5p in ICC tissues but also in ICC cell lines was analyzed by real-time PCR.By analyzing the relationship between the clinicopathological parameters of 60 ICC patients and the expression level of miR-7-5p,the effect of miR-7-5p on the prognosis was clarified.After transfected with miR-7-5p mimics or miR-7-5p inhibitor,cell counting kit-8 assay was applied to evaluate the cells proliferation,flow cytometry was applied to analyze the cells apoptosis,wound healing assay and transwell chamber assay were applied to analyze the cell invasion and migration.A luciferase reporter assay was identified the relationship of miR-7-5p and myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88).Western blotting was used to analyze the proteins expression.And immunochemistry was performed to determine the expression of MYD88 in ICC tissues.Results:Our data showed the expression of miR-7-5p was down-regulated not only in ICC tissues but also in ICC cell lines compared with normal controls.Low expression of miR-7-5p was notably associated with poor prognosis in ICC patients.miR-7-5p negatively regulated cell proliferation,migration,invasion and apoptosis in ICC cells.We further verified that MyD88 was a novel target of miR-7-5p and was significantly overexpressed in ICC tissues.Overexpression of MyD88 counteracted the effects of miR-7-5p in ICC cells.Conclusions:The present findings suggest that miR-7-5p plays a pivotal role in ICC invasion by regulating MyD88.Ampliative insight into the key factors of ICC invasion may result in the development of new treatment options for ICC.

Fromα-keto acids to nitrile oxides enabled by copper nitrate:a facile access to fused isoxazolines

α-Keto acids were unprecedentedly employed as novel precursors of nitrile oxides on treatment with copper nitrate,which reacted with maleimides via[3+2]dipolar cycloaddition leading to pharmacologically interesting fused isoxazolines.This approach offers a unique strategy and complementary method for the convenient generation of alkyl substituted nitrile oxides.