分娩方式与产后住院期间和6个月内纯母乳喂养相关性的meta分析

目的:评价分娩方式与产后住院期间和6个月内纯母乳喂养的相关性。方法:系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、EBSCO、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库中分娩方式与产后住院期间/6个月内纯母乳喂养关系的观察性研究文献,检索时限均从建库至2022年10月。由2名研究者根据纳入排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料后,根据乔安娜布里格斯研究所文献质量评价工具或纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表对纳入文献进行质量评价,并采用R 4.1.0软件进行系统评价,采用固定效应或随机效应模型进行数据合并,采用Egger检验和漏斗图判断发表偏倚。结果:最终纳入34篇文献,包括22项横断面研究和12项队列研究,共597203例产妇。22项横断面研究质量评价均为B级,11项队列研究质量评价≥7分,纳入文献质量较高。Meta分析结果显示,剖宫产产妇住院期间的纯母乳喂养可能性比经阴道分娩的产妇低(OR=0.33,95%CI:0.22~0.50,P<0.001);产后6个月内的纯母乳喂养可能性也低于经阴道分娩的产妇(OR=0.61,95%CI:0.47~0.79,P<0.001)。结论:剖宫产是产后住院期间和6个月内纯母乳喂养的不利因素。

Water extraction kinetics of metals, arsenic and dissolved organic carbon from industrial contaminated poplar leaves

In industrial areas, tree leaves contaminated by metals and metalloids could constitute a secondary source of pollutants. In the present study, water extraction kinetics of inorganic elements （IE： Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Fe and Mn）, dissolved organic carbon, pH and biological activity were studied for industrial contaminated poplar leaves. Moreover, the distribution of the IE through the size fractions of the associated top soil was measured. High quantities ofMn, Zn and As and polysaccharides were released in the solution from the strongly contaminated leaves. The kinetic of release varied with time and metal type. The solution pH decreased while dissolved organic contents increased with time after 30 days. Therefore, these contaminated leaves could constitute a source of more available organic metals and metalloids than the initial inorganic process particles. However, the distribution of the IE through the size fractions of the top soil suggested that a great part of the released IE was adsorbed, reducing in consequence their transfers and bioavailability. It＇s concluded that mobility/boioavailability and speciation of metals and metalloids released from the decomposition of polluted tree leaves depends on soil characteristics, pollutant type and litter composition, with consequences for environmental risk assessment.

Kinetic study of phytotoxicity induced by foliar lead uptake for vegetables exposed to fine particles and implications for sustainable urban agriculture

At the global scale, foliar metal transfer occurs for consumed vegetables cultivated in numerous urban or industrial areas with a polluted atmosphere. However, the kinetics of metal uptake, translocation and involved phytotoxicity was never jointly studied with vegetables exposed to micronic and sub-micronic particles（PM）. Different leafy vegetables（lettuces and cabbages） cultivated in RHIZOtest？ devices were, therefore, exposed in a greenhouse for 5, 10 and 15 days to various Pb O PM doses. The kinetics of transfer and phytotoxicity was assessed in relation to lead concentration and exposure duration. A significant Pb accumulation in leaves（up to 7392 mg/kg dry weight（DW） in lettuce） with translocation to roots was observed. Lead foliar exposure resulted in significant phytotoxicity, lipid composition change, a decrease of plant shoot growth（up to 68.2% in lettuce） and net photosynthesis（up to 58% in lettuce）. The phytotoxicity results indicated plant adaptation to Pb and a higher sensitivity of lettuce in comparison with cabbage. Air quality needs, therefore, to be considered for the health and quality of vegetables grown in polluted areas, such as certain megacities（in China, Pakistan, Europe, etc.） and furthermore, to assess the health risks associated with their consumption.

Histones of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Induce CD11b Expression in Brain Pericytes Via Dectin-1 after Traumatic Brain Injury

The brain pericyte is a unique and indispensable part of the blood-brain barrier(BBB),and contributes to several pathological processes in traumatic brain injury(TBI).However,the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which pericytes are regulated in the damaged brain are largely unknown.Here,we show that the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)induces the appearance of CD11b^(+)pericytes after TBI.These CD11b^(+)pericyte subsets are characterized by increased permeability and pro-inflammatory profiles compared to CD11b-pericytes.Moreover,histones from NETs by Dectin-1 facilitate CD11b induction in brain pericytes in PKC-c-Jun dependent manner,resulting in neuroinflammation and BBB dysfunction after TBI.These data indicate that neutrophil-NET-pericyte and histone-Dectin-1-CD11b are possible mechanisms for the activation and dysfunction of pericytes.Targeting NETs formation and Dectin-1 are promising means of treating TBI.