Erratum to:Holocene temperature variation recorded by branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers in a loess-paleosol sequence from the north-eastern Tibetan Plateau

Erratum to:Front.Earth Sci.DOI 10.1007/s11707-023-1094-6 The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake.The presentation of was incorrect.The corrected figure is given below.

Laparoscopic versus open surgery in treating patients with gallbladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Concerns over the security of laparoscopic radical operation for gallbladder cancer(GBC)persist.This systematic review and meta-analysis attempted to compare the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic surgery(LS)versus open surgery(OS)in the treatment of GBC.Methods:The PubMed,EMBASE,and Web of Science were searched from inception to July 18,2022.Literature search,quality assessment,and data extraction were completed independently and in duplicate.Effect-size estimates expressed as weighted mean difference(WMD)or odds ratio(OR)with 95%confidence interval(CI)were derived under the random-effects model.Results:A total of 27 independent studies including 2,868 participants were meta-analyzed.Significance was noted for intraoperative blood loss(WMD:−117.194,95%CI:−170.188 to 64.201,P<0.001),harvested lymph nodes(WMD:−1.023,95%CI:−1.776 to−0.269,P=0.008),postoperative hospital stay(WMD:−3.555,95%CI:−4.509 to−2.601,P<0.001),postoperative morbidity(OR:0.596,95%CI:0.407 to 0.871,P=0.008),overall survival rate at 2-year(OR:1.524,95%CI:1.143 to 2.031,P=0.004),T2 survival at 1-year(OR:1.799,95%CI:1.777 to 2.749,P<0.01)and 2-year(OR:2.026,95%CI:1.392 to 2.949,P<0.001),as well as T3 survival at 1-year(OR:2.669,95%CI:1.564 to 4.555,P<0.001)and 2-year(OR:2.300,95%CI:1.308 to 4.046,P=0.004).Subgroup analyses revealed that ethnicity,incidental GBC,sample size,and follow-up period were possible sources of heterogeneity.There was a low probability of publication bias for all outcomes except postoperative morbidity.Conclusions:Our findings indicated that LS statistically had better 2-year survival rates,less intraoperative bleeding,shorter hospitalization times,and lower rates of complications than OS.However,the superiority and even the safety of LS still remain an open question due to the impact of incidental GBC,unaccounted heterogeneity,publication bias,lymph node dissection,and port-site metastasis.

Characterization of optimal feedback for stochastic linear quadratic control problems

One of the fundamental issues in Control Theory is to design feedback controls.It is well-known that,the purpose of introducing Riccati equations in the study of deterministic linear quadratic control problems is exactly to construct the desired feedbacks.To date,the same problem in the stochastic setting is only partially well-understood.In this paper,we establish the equivalence between the existence of optimal feedback controls for the stochastic linear quadratic control problems with random coefficients and the solvability of the corresponding backward stochastic Riccati equations in a suitable sense.We also give a counterexample showing the nonexistence of feedback controls to a solvable stochastic linear quadratic control problem.This is a new phenomenon in the stochastic setting,significantly different from its deterministic counterpart.

Exploratory study of microparticle transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with resection for huge hepatocellular carcinoma

Objective:To investigate the safety and clinical efficacy of microparticle transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(mTACE)combined with surgical resection for the treatment of huge hepatocellular carcinoma(hHCC;
10 cm).Methods:A retrospective descriptive study was conducted to gather the clinical data of nine patients with hHCCs treated with mTACE combined with resection in Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital from December 2016 to July 2020.The outcome were as follows:(1)the excellent effect and adverse reactions of mTACE and(2)the efficacy and safety of perioperative resection.Count data were expressed as absolute numbers and percentages.The measurement data of the normal distribution is represented by XS,and the measurement data of the skewed distribution are represented by M(range).A paired t-test was used to compare the data of the same patient.p values<0.05 are considered statistically significant.Results:(1)Regarding the efficacy and safety of mTACE,all nine hHCCs were treated with mTACE one time.The tumor necrosis rate after particle TACE was(77.615.7)%(51.7%–100%);according to the modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors,the objective response was partial response in eight patients and complete response in one patient.The alpha fetoprotein(AFP)level was abnormal in six cases(>20 ng/mL),of which three cases exceeded the maximum value(>30,000 ng/mL)pre-mTACE.In six patients with abnormal AFP levels,the AFP level decreased in five patients,with a median percentage of 74.5%(35.2%–96.0%).The PIVKA-II level in nine patients was>40 mAU/mL before mTACE and decreased to varying degrees after mTACE.The median percentage of decline was 76.0%(4.5%–99.8%).The maximum diameter of the tumor decreased from(13.91.9)cm(11.0–16.4 cm)to(12.81.9)cm(10.4–15.6 cm)(P?0.001)before surgical resection.Prior to the surgical resection,the tumor volume decreased from(897244)mL(436–1250 mL)to(750291)mL(260–1130 mL)(P?0.001),and the residual liver volume/standard liver volume increased from(42.812.8)%(25.8%–61.3%)to(50.214.9)%(28.8%–67.4%)(P?0.008).All patients had embolism syndrome such as fever and abdominal pain in varying degrees,and no serious complications such as liver abscess,liver and kidney failure,or ectopic embolism were noted.(2)For perioperative efficacy and safety,all lesions were successfully resected in(3111)days(14–48 days)after mTACE.The operation time was(39579)min(296–540 min),and the amount of intraoperative bleeding was(433158)mL(200–600 mL).Complications such as biliary fistula,abdominal bleeding,liver and kidney failure,or abdominal infection were not found.The postoperative hospital stay was(134)days(9–19 days).No tumor invasion was found at the cutting edge,and hepatic vein invasion was observed in one case.(3)The follow-up ended in November 2021,with a median follow-up of 34 months(16–46 months).Recurrence or distant metastasis occurred in four patients,of which two patients died.The survival times were 18 and 31 months,respectively.The other two patients were followed up for 34 and 41 months.The remaining five patients were followed up for 16–46 months without antitumor treatment or disease progression.Conclusions:mTACE combined with tumor resection is feasible for the treatment of patients with hHCC,which needs to be further confirmed by prospective studies.

K63-linked polyubiquitination of IRF1： an essential step in the IL-1 signaling cascade

Interleukin 1 （IL-1） is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates immune and inflammatory responses by inducing the expression of a variety of pro-inflamma- tory cytokines and chemokines. IL-1 exerts its pro-inflammatory effects primarily by activating nuclear factor KB （NF-rB） and mitogen-activated protein kinases （MAPKs）. After binding to its receptor

Holocene temperature variation recorded by branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers in a loess-paleosol sequence from the north-eastern Tibetan Plateau

Reconstructing Holocene temperature evolution is important for understanding present temperature variations and for predicting future climate change,in the context of global warming.The evolution of Holocene global temperature remains disputed,due to differences between proxy reconstructions and model simulations,a discrepancy known as the῾Holocene temperature conundrum᾽.More reliable and quantitative terrestrial temperature records are needed to resolve the spatial heterogeneity of existing records.In this study,based on the analysis of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers(brGDGTs)from a loess-paleosol sequence from the Ganjia Basin in the north-eastern Tibetan Plateau(NETP),we quantitatively reconstructed the mean annual air temperature(MAAT)over the past 12 ka.The MAAT reconstruction shows that the temperature remained low during the early Holocene(12−8 ka),followed by a rapid warming at around 8 ka.From 8 to 4 ka,the MAAT record reached its highest level,followed by a cooling trend from the late Holocene(4−0 ka).The variability of the reconstructed MAAT is consistent with trends of annual temperature records from the Tibetan Plateau(TP)during the Holocene.We attribute the relatively low temperatures during the early Holocene to the existence of ice sheets at high-latitude regions in the Northern Hemisphere and the weaker annual mean insolation at 35°N.During the mid to late Holocene,the long-term cooling trend in the annual temperature record was primarily driven by declining summer insolation.This study provides key geological evidence for clarifying Holocene temperature change in the TP.