The trajectory of the compact torus(CT)within a tokamak discharge is crucial to fueling.In this study,we developed a penetration model with a vacuum magnetic field region to accurately determine CT trajectories in tok...The trajectory of the compact torus(CT)within a tokamak discharge is crucial to fueling.In this study,we developed a penetration model with a vacuum magnetic field region to accurately determine CT trajectories in tokamak discharges.This model was used to calculate the trajectory and penetration parameters of CT injections by applying both perpendicular and tangential injection schemes in both HL-2A and ITER tokamaks.For perpendicular injection along the tokamak's major radius direction from the outboard,CTs with the same injection parameters exhibited a 0.08 reduction in relative penetration depth when injected into HL-2A and a 0.13reduction when injected into ITER geometry when considering the vacuum magnetic field region compared with cases where this region was not considered.In addition,we proposed an optimization method for determining the CT's initial injection velocity to accurately calculate the initial injection velocity of CTs for central fueling in tokamaks.Furthermore,this paper discusses schemes for the tangential injection of CT into tokamak discharges.The optimal injection angle and CT magnetic moment direction for injection into both HL-2A and ITER were determined through numerical simulations.Finally,the kinetic energy loss occurring when the CT penetrated the vacuum magnetic field region in ITER was reduced byΔEk=975.08 J by optimizing the injection angle for the CT injected into ITER.These results provide valuable insights for optimizing injection angles in fusion experiments.Our model closely represents actual experimental scenarios and can assist the design of CT parameters.展开更多
With the development of automated driving vehicles, more and more vehicles will be fitted with more than one automotive radars, and the radar mutual interference will become very significant. Vehicle to everything (V2...With the development of automated driving vehicles, more and more vehicles will be fitted with more than one automotive radars, and the radar mutual interference will become very significant. Vehicle to everything (V2X) communication is a potential way for coordinating automotive radars and reduce the mutual interference. In this paper, we analyze the positional relation of the two radars that interfere with each other, and evaluate the mutual interference for different types of automotive radars based on Poisson point process (PPP). We also propose a centralized framework and the corresponding algorithm, which relies on V2X communication systems to allocate the spectrum resources for automotive radars to minimize the interference. The minimum spectrum resources required for zero-interference are analyzed for different cases. Simulation results validate the analysis and show that the proposed framework can achieve near-zero-interference with the minimum spectrum resources.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12375226,12175227 and 11875255)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M723066)supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China(Nos.2022YFE03100004 and 2022YFE03060003)。
文摘The trajectory of the compact torus(CT)within a tokamak discharge is crucial to fueling.In this study,we developed a penetration model with a vacuum magnetic field region to accurately determine CT trajectories in tokamak discharges.This model was used to calculate the trajectory and penetration parameters of CT injections by applying both perpendicular and tangential injection schemes in both HL-2A and ITER tokamaks.For perpendicular injection along the tokamak's major radius direction from the outboard,CTs with the same injection parameters exhibited a 0.08 reduction in relative penetration depth when injected into HL-2A and a 0.13reduction when injected into ITER geometry when considering the vacuum magnetic field region compared with cases where this region was not considered.In addition,we proposed an optimization method for determining the CT's initial injection velocity to accurately calculate the initial injection velocity of CTs for central fueling in tokamaks.Furthermore,this paper discusses schemes for the tangential injection of CT into tokamak discharges.The optimal injection angle and CT magnetic moment direction for injection into both HL-2A and ITER were determined through numerical simulations.Finally,the kinetic energy loss occurring when the CT penetrated the vacuum magnetic field region in ITER was reduced byΔEk=975.08 J by optimizing the injection angle for the CT injected into ITER.These results provide valuable insights for optimizing injection angles in fusion experiments.Our model closely represents actual experimental scenarios and can assist the design of CT parameters.
基金support by China Information Communication Technologies Group Corporationsupported in part by Chinese Ministry of Education-China Mobile Communication Corporation Research Fund under Grant MCM20170101the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skldowska-Curie Grant Agreement No.793345
文摘With the development of automated driving vehicles, more and more vehicles will be fitted with more than one automotive radars, and the radar mutual interference will become very significant. Vehicle to everything (V2X) communication is a potential way for coordinating automotive radars and reduce the mutual interference. In this paper, we analyze the positional relation of the two radars that interfere with each other, and evaluate the mutual interference for different types of automotive radars based on Poisson point process (PPP). We also propose a centralized framework and the corresponding algorithm, which relies on V2X communication systems to allocate the spectrum resources for automotive radars to minimize the interference. The minimum spectrum resources required for zero-interference are analyzed for different cases. Simulation results validate the analysis and show that the proposed framework can achieve near-zero-interference with the minimum spectrum resources.
