Nitrogen distribution in the products from the hydrothermal liquefaction of Chlorella sp. and Spirulina sp.

The high contents of nitrogen-containing organic compounds in biocrude obtained from hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae are one of the most concerned issues on the applications and environment.In the project,Chlorella sp.and Spirulina sp.were selected as raw materials to investigate the influence of different reaction conditions(i.e.,reaction temperature,residence time,solid loading rate)on the distribution of nitrogen in the oil phase and aqueous phase.Three main forms of nitrogen-containing organic compounds including nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds,amide,and amine were detected in biocrudes.The contents of nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds decreased with temperature while amide kept increasing.The effect of residence time on the components of nitrogen-containing organic compounds was similar with that of temperature.However,the influence of solid loading rate was insignificant.Moreover,it was also found that the differences of amino acids in the protein components in the two microalgae might affect the nitrogen distribution in products.For example,nitrogen in basic amino acids of Spirulina sp.preferred to go into the aqueous phase comparing with the nitrogen in neutral amino acids of Chlorella sp.In summary,a brief reaction map was proposed to describe the nitrogen pathway during microalgae hydrothermal liquefaction.

Nanomotor-based adsorbent for blood Lead(II)removal in vitro and in pig models

Blood lead(Pb(II))removal is very important but challenging.The main difficulty of blood Pb(II)removal currently lies in the fact that blood Pb(II)is mainly complexed with hemoglobin(Hb)inside the red blood cells(RBCs).Traditional blood Pb(II)removers are mostly passive particles that do not have the motion ability,thus the efficiency of the contact between the adsorbent and the Pb(II)-contaminated Hb is relatively low.Herein,a kind of magnetic nanomotor adsorbent with movement ability under alternating magnetic field based on Fe3O4 nanoparticle modified with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA)was prepared and a blood Pb(II)removal strategy was further proposed.During the removal process,the nanomotor adsorbent can enter the RBCs,then the contact probability between the nanomotor adsorbent and the Pb(II)-contaminated Hb can be increased by the active movement of nanomotor.Through the strong coordination of functional groups in DMSA,the nanomotor adsorbent can adsorb Pb(II),and finally be separated from blood by permanent magnetic field.The in vivo extracorporeal blood circulation experiment verifies the ability of the adsorbent to remove blood Pb(II)in pig models,which may provide innovative ideas for blood heavy metal removal in the future.