A growth-regulating factor 7(GRF7)-mediated gene regulatory network promotes leaf growth and expansion in sugarcane

Knowledge of the function of growth-regulating factors(GRFs)in sugarcane(Saccharum officinarum and S.spontaneum)growth and development could assist breeders in selecting desirable plant architectures.However,limited information about GRFs is available in Saccharum due to their polyploidy.In this study,22 GRFs were identified in the two species and their conserved domains,gene structures,chromosome location,and synteny were characterized.GRF7 expression varied among tissues and responded to diurnal rhythm.SsGRF7-YFP was localized preferentially in the nucleus and appears to act as a transcriptional cofactor.SsGRF7 positively regulated the size and length of rice leaves,possibly by regulating cell size and plant hormones.Of seven potential transcription factors binding to the SsGRF7 promoter in S.spontaneum,four showed positive expression patterns,and two showed negative expression patterns relative to SsGRF7.

分散聚合制备粒径可控的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯为单体,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,苯乙烯磺酸钠为离子单体,采用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为分散剂,在乙醇/水介质中通过自由基分散聚合法合成了平均粒径分布在0.5～0.9μm范围的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)微球,研究了各因素对微球粒径和分布的影响。结果表明,单体、分散剂和离子单体三者的浓度对PMMA微球尺寸及分布影响显著,微球尺寸随着单体浓度的增加、离子单体和分散剂用量的减少而增加,微球粒径增加的同时尺寸分布变宽。在反应体系中加入0.2%的离子单体可显著提高PMMA微球聚合过程中的稳定性,产物微球不发生粘连和团聚,呈现规则的球形形态,同时分散剂的使用量大幅降低。当单体质量分数、引发剂质量分数、离子单体质量分数依次为11%、1.0%、0.2%,控制乙醇/水体积比为0.8～1.0时,仅使用3%的分散剂,可成功制备出单分散PMMA微球。

Intralesional Interstitial Injection of Bleomycin for Management of Extracranial Arteriovenous Malformations in Children

Background Despite many advances in the treatment for extracranial arteriovenous malformations(AVMs),they still result in tedious dissection and potential unacceptable complications,particularly in children.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of intralesional interstitial injection of bleomycin for the treatment of children with AVMs.Methods A total of 10 children(6 boys and 4 girls)with AVMs were treated with serial interstitial bleomycin injections between May 2014 and January 2017.Maximum single doses of 15 U and 1 U/kg per session were administered for six sessions at a 1-month interval.Therapeutic effectiveness was evaluated and classified into four categories:complete response(CR),partial response(PR),no response,and worsening at 3 months after the last session.Further clinical follow-up outcomes were classified as improved,stable,or aggravated.Adverse events were recorded according to the Society of Interventional Radiology classification.Results All 10 children completed the sessions and follow-ups.CR occurred in 3(30%)patients,PR in 6(60%),and no response in 1(20%).Minor complications(class A)included maculopapular rash,bulla,vomiting,and hyperpigmentation,whereas no major complications occurred.Conclusion Intralesional interstitial injection of bleomycin is a feasible approach for the treatment of AVMs in children and provides safe and effective outcomes.This method may be an earlier treatment alternative in children to prevent potential destructive progression,considering the serious complications of currently available therapeutic methods.

Aerodynamic breakup of emulsion droplets in airflow

Aerodynamic breakup refers to the process where large droplets are fragmented into small droplets by the aerodynamic force in airflow,which plays a vital role in fluid atomization and spray applications.Previous research has primarily concentrated on the aerodynamic breakup of single-component droplets,but investigations into the breakup of emulsion droplets are limited.This study experimentally investigated the aerodynamic breakup of water-in-oil emulsions in airflow,utilizing high-speed photography to observe the breakup process and digital in-line holography to measure fragment sizes.Comparative analyses between emulsion droplets and single-component droplets are conducted to examine the breakup morphology,breakup regime,deformation characteristics,and fragment size distributions.The emulsion droplets exhibit higher apparent viscosity and shorter stretching lengths of the bag film and peripheral rim due to the presence of a dispersed phase.The breakup regime transitions of emulsions are modeled by integrating the viscosity model of emulsions and the transition model of the pure fluid.The fragment sizes of emulsion droplets are larger due to the shorter lengths of the bag film and peripheral rim.

Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children: experts' consensus statement

Since the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus infection (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan City,China,by January 30,2020,a total of 9692 confirmed cases and 15,238 suspected cases have been reported around 31 provinces or cities in China.Among the confirmed cases,1527 were severe cases,171 had recovered and been discharged at home,and 213 died.And among these cases,a total of 28 children aged from 1 month to 17 years have been reported in China.For standardizing prevention and management of 2019-nCoV infections in children,we called up an experts' committee to formulate this experts' consensus statement.This statement is based on the Novel Coronavirus Infection Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Standards (the fourth edition) (National Health Committee) and other previous diagnosis and treatment strategies for pediatric virus infections.The present consensus statement summarizes current strategies on diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of 2019-nCoV infection in children.

Diagnosis and treatment of syncope in pediatric patients: a new guideline

Syncope is a common emergency of children and adolescents. The reoccurrence of syncope seriously affects children's physical and mental health. The pathogenesis, etiology, diagnosis and treatment of pediatric syncope differ from those in adults. Most pediatric syncope is relatively transient and benign in nature. But cardiac syncope, although the incidence is relatively low as compared with the neurally-mediated syncope (NMS), poses high risks of sudden death and needs to be quickly identified and managed.

Manipulating the antioxidative capacity of melanin-like nanoparticles by involving condensation polymerization

Melanin is ubiquitous in nature and plays important roles in physiological activities especially in keeping the oxidative balance.Both natural and synthetic melanin were synthesized via the free radical polymerization of 5,6-dihydroxyindole(DHI)monomer,which may lead to the inherent compactπ-conjugation stacking microstructures and finally results in limited antioxidative capacities.To address this issue,we have strived to involve condensation polymerization during the melanin synthetic process,aiming to disrupt the compact stacking microstructures and improve the total antioxidative performance.The resulting melaninlike nanoparticles(NPs)indeed possessed less compact stackingπ-conjugation structures and decreased density,which further demonstrated enhanced antioxidative abilities compared with conventional melanin-like polymers such as poly-5,6-dihydroxyindole(Poly-DHI)and polydopamine(PDA).Their excellent free radical scavenging capability was further confirmed by the intracellular cell protection effects against reactive oxygen species(ROS)as well as in vivo therapy for acute diseases including acute kidney injury and acute liver injury.This work would promote future work toward new types of melanin-inspired nanomaterials with tunable and improved functions beyond nature.

Bioinspired fluorescent dihydroxyindoles oligomers

In this paper we report the desgin and synthesis of dihydroxyindoles oligomers based reversible fluorescence sensor.We find dihydroxyindoles-2-carboxylic acid derived oligmer(P-DHICA)has the highest selectivity and sensitivity for Cu^2+detection.This work provide a highly efficient,environmentally friendly biosensor for potential use in medical testing.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with the modified myeloablative conditioning regimen for children with chronic active Epstein–Barr virus infection

Importance:Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(alloHSCT)is considered the only effective treatment for chronic active Epstein–Barr virus infection(CAEBV).The clinical efficacy and safety of allo-HSCT with different conditioning regimens in children with CAEBV remain unclear.Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of allo-HSCT with the modified myeloablative conditioning(MAC)regimen for children with CAEBV and also the factors affecting the outcomes.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed children with CAEBV who underwent allo-HSCT with the modified MAC regimen at Beijing Children’s Hospital,Capital Medical University from October 2016 to June 2021.Data related to the clinical manifestations,engraftment,and outcome were extracted from the medical records.Results:The cohort comprised 41 patients(24 males,17 females)with a median transplantation age of 92.6(60.4,120.7)months and a median follow-up time of 28.2(15.3,40.2)months.Four patients(9.8%)died,among which three died from primary disease relapse,and one died from grade IV acute graft-versus-host diseases(aGVHD)after stopping treatment.The 3-year overall survival(OS)and 3-year event-free survival(EFS)rates were 88.8%±5.4%and 85.0%±5.7%,respectively.The 3-year OS and EFS did not significantly differ between the patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis(HLH)and the patient without HLH(87.7%±6.8%vs.91.7%±8.0%,P=0.790;85.0%±6.9%vs.84.6%±10.0%,P=0.921),or among the patients with complete remission,partial remission,and activity disease before HSCT(all P>0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that grade III–IV aGVHD was a risk factor for mortality(Hazards ratio:11.65,95%confidence interval:1.00,136.06;P=0.050).Interpretation:Allo-HSCT with the modified MAC regimen is safe and effective for pediatric CAEBV.This treatment benefits patients with HLH or active disease.Patients with Grade III–IV aGVHD may be associated with worse outcomes.

Clinical and genetic analysis of immunodeficiency-related diseases associated with PIK3CD mutations

INTRODUCTION The phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit delta gene (PIK3CD), associated with primary immunodeficiency disease (PID), encodes the p110δ catalytic subunit and is predominantly expressed in immune cells such as lymphocytes.

A leather coating with self-healing characteristics

Genuine leather is often coated before making daily necessities such as shoes,clothing,bags,sofas,car seats,etc.,so as to impart leather products various colours,higher wear resistance and water resistance and so on.However,the coating of these products is often damaged in daily use which will decrease its aesthetic effect and practicability.Therefore,how to improve the scratch resistance of leather coatings has been puzzling people all the time.It is a common knowledge that animals and plants can repair the injured biological tissues by himself.According to this principle,here,we prepared a type of self-healing water-borne polyurethane with disulfide bond in the main chain by using HEDS as chain extender,and the self-healing system was triggered by the disulfide bonds with the help of shape memory function of waterborne Polyurethane,self-healing experiments how that the damaged of leather coating can be repaired fully at 60℃ for 12 h.

Immune cell landscape and immunotherapy of medulloblastoma

Medulloblastoma is the most common primary pediatric malignancy of the central nervous system.Recurrent and refractory patients account for approximately 30%of them.Immune cells are an important component of the brain tumor microenvironment,including tumor-associated macrophages,T lymphocytes,natural killer cells,dendritic cells,neutrophils and B lymphocytes.Understanding how they behave and interact is important in the investigation of the onset and progression of medulloblastoma.Here,we overview the features and recent advances of each component of immune cells in medulloblastoma.Meanwhile,immunotherapy is a promising but also challenging treatment strategy for medulloblastoma.At present,there are a growing number of immunotherapeutic approaches under investigation including immune checkpoint inhibitors,oncolytic viruses,cancer vaccines,chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies,and natural killer cells in recurrent and refractory medulloblastoma patients.

Epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifestations of pediatric patients with COVID-19 in China: A multicenter retrospective study

Importance:The Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)global pandemic poses a considerable challenge for pediatricians.Objective:This study aimed to identify the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of pediatric patients with COVID-19 in China.Methods:This multicenter retrospective study included pediatric patients from 46 hospitals in China,covering 12 provinces and two municipalities.Epidemiological,demographic,clinical,laboratory,treatment,and outcome data were analyzed.Results:In total,211 pediatric patients with COVID-19 were included in this study.The median age was 7.0 years(range:22 days to 18 years).Approximately 16.3%of the patients exhibited asymptomatic infections,23.0%had upper respiratory tract infections,and 60.7%had pneumonia,including two with severe pneumonia and one with critical illness.Approximately 78.7%of the pediatric patients occurred in familial clusters.The most three common symptoms or signs at onset in children with COVID-19 were fever(54.5%),cough(49.3%),and pharyngeal congestion(20.8%).Only 17.6%of the patients presented with decreased lymphocyte count,whereas 13.6%had increased lymphocyte count.Among the patients with pneumonia who exhibited abnormal chest computed tomography findings,18.2%(23/127)of the patients had no other symptoms.Generally,the chest radiographs showed abnormalities that affected both lungs(49.6%);ground-glass opacity(47.2%)was the most common manifestation.The cure and improvement rates were 86.7%(183/211)and 13.3%(28/211),respectively.Only one patient with an underlying condition received invasive mechanical ventilation;none of the patients died.Interpretation:Similar to adults,children of all age groups are susceptible to COVID-19.Fortunately,most pediatric patients have mild symptoms or remain asymptomatic,despite the high incidence of pneumonia.Decreased proportions of white blood cells and lymphocytes are less frequent in children than in adults.