Clinical research on Tai Chi:a review of health benefits

Tai Chi,a traditional Chinese martial art and health exercise,has gained significant global attention and recognition.The clinical benefits of Tai Chi have been studied extensively in recent decades.We conducted a systematic search of PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE databases,and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure,identifying and reviewing 241 clinical trials on the benefits of Tai Chi from their inception to June 1,2023.Most of these studies have consistently demonstrated the positive impact of Tai Chi on balance,cognitive function,mood regulation,sleep quality,pain relief,cardiorespiratory function,and overall health.In the future,the key to fostering the ongoing development of this field lies in comprehensive research on standardized study designs and reporting,the scope of Tai Chi applications,and the core factors influencing its efficacy.

用于机器人中低位直肠癌术后预防吻合口漏的一项新技术研究

目的:吻合口漏(anastomotic leakage,AL)是低位直肠癌保肛术后的严重并发症,亟需确切有效的预防措施。本研究旨在评估机器人低位直肠癌前切除术(low anterior resection,LAR)联合创新技术预防AL的临床价值。方法:选取2012年5月至2017年5月,于复旦大学附属中山医院接受机器人LAR治疗的601例患者,其中191例患者为对照组(non-PST组),410例患者为治疗组(PST组)。分析比较两组AL发生率、围手术期结局和长期生存率;多因素回归分析机器人LAR术后AL的高危因素。结果:依据ISREC分级,601例患者的总体AL发生率为6.8%,其中B级为5.7%,C级为1.1%。其中PST组的总体AL发生率(5.1%)明显低于non-PST组(10.5%,P=0.015);PST组的C级AL也明显改善(0.2%vs.3.2%,P=0.005)。此外,PST组的手术并发症率(17.3%vs.20.9%,P=0.286)和再手术率(2.7%vs.6.3%,P=0.038)较non-PST组均显著降低。长期结局分析提示两组的局部复发率和长期生存率无显著差异。多因素回归分析提示non-PST技术、术中出血量≥100 mL、吻合口距离肛缘<5 cm以及远端切缘距离肿瘤<2 cm分别是机器人LAR术后AL发生的高危因素。结论:机器人LAR联合PST技术是一种有效预防AL的方法,在临床实践中可避免常规实施保护性造口术。

A Review on Nano-/Microstructured Materials Constructed by Electrochemical Technologies for Supercapacitors

The article reviews the recent progress of electrochemical techniques on synthesizing nano-/microstructures as supercapacitor electrodes.With a history of more than a century,electrochemical techniques have evolved from metal plating since their inception to versatile synthesis tools for electrochemically active materials of diverse morphologies,compositions,and functions.The review begins with tutorials on the operating mechanisms of five commonly used electrochemical techniques,including cyclic voltammetry,potentiostatic deposition,galvanostatic deposition,pulse deposition,and electrophoretic deposition,followed by thorough surveys of the nano-/microstructured materials synthesized electrochemically.Specifically,representative synthesis mechanisms and the state-of-the-art electrochemical performances of exfoliated graphene,conducting polymers,metal oxides,metal sulfides,and their composites are surveyed.The article concludes with summaries of the unique merits,potential challenges,and associated opportunities of electrochemical synthesis techniques for electrode materials in supercapacitors.

左旋聚乳酸/右旋聚乳酸立构复合晶体形状记忆聚合物的制备与性能

通过环保高效的熔融共混在左旋聚乳酸(PLLA)中引入少量的右旋聚乳酸(PDLA),使得聚乳酸立构复合晶体(sc-PLA)在PLLA基体中原位形成并均匀分散,制备得到全生物可降解的聚乳酸形状记忆聚合物(SMPs)功能材料。当仅向PLLA基体中加入1%PDLA时,就可使得sc-PLA晶体在PLLA中原位形成,且随着PDLA含量的不断增加,sc-PLA晶体的含量也不断增加。动态力学测试结果表明,sc-PLA晶体几乎不影响PLLA/PDLA共混材料的玻璃化转变温度,却可提高PLLA的高温段模量。形状记忆性能测试表明,PLLA和PLLA/PDLA共混材料均具有极佳的形状固定率(Rf≈100%),而PLLA/PDLA共混材料形状回复率Rr随着PDLA含量的增加呈现先增加后下降的趋势。当PDLA质量分数为3%时,PLLA/PDLA共混材料的形状记忆回复率(Rr)达到最佳(Rr≈85.31%),且进一步的测试表明PLLA/3PDLA共混材料的形状记忆性能在多次同等条件重复测试后仍能持续保持。

A novel similarity measure for mining missing links in long-path networks

Network information mining is the study of the network topology,which may answer a large number of applicationbased questions towards the structural evolution and the function of a real system.The question can be related to how the real system evolves or how individuals interact with each other in social networks.Although the evolution of the real system may seem to be found regularly,capturing patterns on the whole process of evolution is not trivial.Link prediction is one of the most important technologies in network information mining,which can help us understand the evolution mechanism of real-life network.Link prediction aims to uncover missing links or quantify the likelihood of the emergence of nonexistent links from known network structures.Currently,widely existing methods of link prediction almost focus on short-path networks that usually have a myriad of close triangular structures.However,these algorithms on highly sparse or longpath networks have poor performance.Here,we propose a new index that is associated with the principles of structural equivalence and shortest path length(SESPL)to estimate the likelihood of link existence in long-path networks.Through a test of 548 real networks,we find that SESPL is more effective and efficient than other similarity-based predictors in long-path networks.Meanwhile,we also exploit the performance of SESPL predictor and of embedding-based approaches via machine learning techniques.The results show that the performance of SESPL can achieve a gain of 44.09%over GraphWave and 7.93%over Node2vec.Finally,according to the matrix of maximal information coefficient(MIC)between all the similarity-based predictors,SESPL is a new independent feature in the space of traditional similarity features.

Ultrabright bimetallic AuAg complex:From luminescence mechanism to biological application

Metal clusters have attracted wide interests due to their unique electronic and optical properties,but the low luminescence quantum yield(QY)prevents them from potential biomedical applications.In this work,silver-doped Au nanoclusters(NCs)are shown to be able to improve the QY of metal clusters.We succeeded in synthesizing ultrabright glutathione(GSH)protected AuAg clusters with 10.8%QY by a one-pot route.Their florescence is about 7.5 times brighter than pure Au NCs,with super photostability and good biocompatibility in physiological environment.Based on density functional theory(DFT)calculations,we investigated the electronic structures and optical properties of the AuAg NCs.The results show that the increase of the density of states of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)leads to the fluorescence enhancement.In addition,two-photon excitation fluorescence imaging has been performed to show their great potential for biomedicine.

Ameliorating Effect and Potential Mechanism of Camellia Oil on Constipated Mice

Constipation is a global epidemic. To evaluate the ameliorating effect of camellia oil on constipation,two slowtransit costive mice models were established by water deprivation or sucralfate gavage. Administration of camellia oil（ 4. 0 and 8. 0 mL/kg/day） significantly shortened the defecation time,increased defecation mass and fecal water content,with efficacies comparable to that of hemp seed oil. Intestinal propulsion test showed that camellia oil significantly enhanced the propelling rates of the charcoal powder in the intestine. Meanwhile,camellia oil also significantly decreased the serum levels of nitric oxide（ NO）,nitric oxide synthase（ NOS） and vasoactive intestinal peptide（ VIP） and increased serum substance P in costive animals. These results suggested that camellia oil can largely relieve slowtransit constipation and enhance the gastrointestinal motility through modulation of serum gastrointestinal motility key factors such as NO,NOS and VIP and substance P.

Sea-Land Segmentation of Remote Sensing Images Based on SDW-UNet

Image segmentation of sea-land remote sensing images is of great importance for downstream applications including shoreline extraction,the monitoring of near-shore marine environment,and near-shore target recognition.To mitigate large number of parameters and improve the segmentation accuracy,we propose a new Squeeze-Depth-Wise UNet(SDW-UNet)deep learning model for sea-land remote sensing image segmentation.The proposed SDW-UNet model leverages the squeeze-excitation and depth-wise separable convolution to construct new convolution modules,which enhance the model capacity in combining multiple channels and reduces the model parameters.We further explore the effect of position-encoded information in NLP(Natural Language Processing)domain on sea-land segmentation task.We have conducted extensive experiments to compare the proposed network with the mainstream segmentation network in terms of accuracy,the number of parameters and the time cost for prediction.The test results on remote sensing data sets of Guam,Okinawa,Taiwan China,San Diego,and Diego Garcia demonstrate the effectiveness of SDW-UNet in recognizing different types of sea-land areas with a smaller number of parameters,reduces prediction time cost and improves performance over other mainstream segmentation models.We also show that the position encoding can further improve the accuracy of model segmentation.

Fast CU Partition for VVC Using Texture Complexity Classification Convolutional Neural Network

Versatile video coding(H.266/VVC),which was newly released by the Joint Video Exploration Team(JVET),introduces quad-tree plus multitype tree(QTMT)partition structure on the basis of quad-tree(QT)partition structure in High Efficiency Video Coding(H.265/HEVC).More complicated coding unit(CU)partitioning processes in H.266/VVC significantly improve video compression efficiency,but greatly increase the computational complexity compared.The ultra-high encoding complexity has obstructed its real-time applications.In order to solve this problem,a CU partition algorithm using convolutional neural network(CNN)is proposed in this paper to speed up the H.266/VVC CU partition process.Firstly,64×64 CU is divided into smooth texture CU,mildly complex texture CU and complex texture CU according to the CU texture characteristics.Second,CU texture complexity classification convolutional neural network(CUTCC-CNN)is proposed to classify CUs.Finally,according to the classification results,the encoder is guided to skip different RDO search process.And optimal CU partition results will be determined.Experimental results show that the proposed method reduces the average coding time by 32.2%with only 0.55%BD-BR loss compared with VTM 10.2.

Emission Behaviors of Submicron Particles(PM_(1))Generated by the Combustion of Sesame Stalk after Combined Water Washing and Carbonization Pretreatment

Pretreatment before biomass combustion is significant for its efficient utilization and that combined water washing and carbonization can be efficient.An agricultural processing residues sesame stalk was selected and carried out two pretreatments separately,i.e.,water washing-torrefaction(W-T)and torrefaction-water washing(T-W),to explore the effect on the fuel properties,combustion characteristics and particulate matter(PM)emission.The obtained biochar was also combusted under air and oxy50(CO_(2):O_(2)=50:50)conditions for the sake of investigating the effect of pretreatment and combustion atmosphere.The results indicate that,W-T and T-W both not only have great effect on the improvement of fuel properties but also reduce the content of water-soluble elements like K,Cl,etc.Due to the difference in hydrophobicity,the biochar obtained by W-T have the optimal fuel properties.At the same time,the pretreatment also hinder the combustion in a certain extent in which the comprehensive combustion characteristics(SN)show a downward trend.Furthermore,both two pretreatments have obvious benefit on the reduction of PM_(1)emission and W-T have the best effect related to the higher removal efficiency of inorganic elements(especially K+Na+Cl+S).Under oxy50 condition,the oxygen concentration and combustion temperature is higher,improving the sulfation of K and vaporization of Ca,P and Mg which result in weakening in the pretreatment reduction effect on PM_(1)emission.

Well-dispersed ultrafine nitrogen-doped TiO_2 with polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) acted as N-source and stabilizer for water splitting

In this paper, ultrafine nitrogen-doped TiO2 photocatalyst with enhanced photocatalytic water-splitting properties was successfully fabricated via a solvothermal method. Herein, polyvinylpyrrolidone（PVP） was used as both nitrogen source and stabilizer. The enhancement in water-splitting process can be attributed to the doping of element nitrogen, which could supply an intermediate energy level and promote the separation of photo-excited holes and electrons. Moreover, this paper provides a new application of high-molecular polymer to synthesize solar-driven water-splitting photocatalysts.

油墨粘度对卷对卷印刷有机光活性层的油墨转移速率和薄膜缺陷的影响机理

卷对卷(R2R)凹版印刷具有高的边缘分辨率、可图案化、高加工速度等优势,是制备大面积柔性有机太阳能电池(FOSCs)的一种可行技术.有机光活性层的薄膜质量是决定有机太阳能电池器件性能的关键.对于凹版印刷过程而言,墨水的转移是影响印刷薄膜厚度和质量的关键.本文深入研究了有机光活性层的墨水粘度对墨水转移率和薄膜缺陷的影响.我们开发了紫外可见光谱法,量化凹版印刷过程中墨水的转移率.通过对墨水的流变行为分析、流体动力学模拟和实验验证,深入研究了油墨粘度与油墨转移率、膜厚和膜均匀性之间的关系.结果表明,油墨粘度约为25 m Pa·s是R2R凹版印刷有机光活性层薄膜的适合粘度.通过对油墨配方的优化,我们制备了全R2R印刷FOSCs,其中1 cm^(2);电池的效率超过12%.

Large-Area Gravure-Printed AgNWs Electrode on Water/Oxygen Barrier Substrate for Long-Term Stable Large-Area Flexible Organic Solar Cells

Large-area AgNWs electrodes(25 cm×10 cm)were fabricated through roll-to-roll printing on the polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)modified water and oxygen barrier substrate.The modification of the barrier film with PVA improved the wettability of silver nanowires on the barrier films and led to the formation of homogenous large-area AgNWs networks.The mechanical flexibility,especially the adhesion force between the silver electrode and the barrier film substrate was dramatically improved through PVA modification.The efficiency of 13.51%for the flexible OSCs with an area of 0.64 cm2 was achieved based on the PET/barrier film/PVA/AgNWs electrode.The long-term stability showed the flexible OSCs based on the PET/barrier film/PVA/AgNWs electrode have a significantly improved stability relative to the device on PET/AgNWs electrode,and comparable air stability as the rigid device with glass/ITO device.The unencapsulated devices maintained nearly 50%of the original efficiency after storage for 600 h in air.After a simple top encapsulation,the flexible devices remained at 60%of the initial efficiency after 2000 h in the air.Therefore,the flexible AgNWs electrode based on the barrier film would have the potential to improve the air storage stability of organic flexible solar cells.

Effect of Ag on High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Mg-6.5Gd-5.6Y-0.1Nd-0.01Ce-0.4Zr Alloy

In this paper,the isothermal oxidation experiments were used to study the effect of Ag on the high-temperature oxidation behavior of Mg-6.5Gd-5.6Y-0.1Nd-0.01Ce-0.4Zr(wt%)alloy oxidized at 350℃,400℃ and 450℃ for 120 h.The results show that the oxidation weight gain of the alloy mainly occurs in the early oxidation stage(0-20 h).This reason attributes to the lack of protective oxide film and the rapid inward diffusion of oxygen through the macroscopic defects of the incomplete oxide film.When dense oxide films such as Y_(2)O_(3),Gd_(2)O_(3),and ZrO2 form,they hinder the inward transport of oxygen ions and improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the alloy.In addition,the role of the Ag element at three temperatures is different.The addition of Ag mainly promotes the formation of eutectic phases such as Mg3Gd,Mg24Y5,and Ag2Gd,which reduces the content of Gd and Y elements in the alloy matrix,resulting in a decrease in the diffusion rate of Gd and Y elements during the oxidation process at 350℃ and 400℃,and weakens the oxidation resistance of Ag-containing alloys.However,in the oxidation experiment at 450℃,a large amount of eutectic phase is solid dissolved into the matrix,reducing the difference in element content.At this time,it is detected that the Ag element promoted the outward diffusion of Gd and Y elements,accelerating the formation of the oxide film.The oxidation resistance of Ag-containing alloys is improved.

Self-Aligning Multi-Modal Transformer for Oropharyngeal Swab Point Localization

The oropharyngeal swabbing is a pre-diagnostic procedure used to test various respiratory diseases, including COVID and Influenza A (H1N1). To improve the testing efficiency of testing, a real-time, accurate, and robust sampling point localization algorithm is needed for robots. However, current solutions rely heavily on visual input, which is not reliable enough for large-scale deployment. The transformer has significantly improved the performance of image-related tasks and challenged the dominance of traditional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in the image field. Inspired by its success, we propose a novel self-aligning multi-modal transformer (SAMMT) to dynamically attend to different parts of unaligned feature maps, preventing information loss caused by perspective disparity and simplifying overall implementation. Unlike preexisting multi-modal transformers, our attention mechanism works in image space instead of embedding space, rendering the need for the sensor registration process obsolete. To facilitate the multi-modal task, we collected and annotate an oropharynx localization/segmentation dataset by trained medical personnel. This dataset is open-sourced and can be used for future multi-modal research. Our experiments show that our model improves the performance of the localization task by 4.2% compared to the pure visual model, and reduces the pixel-wise error rate of the segmentation task by 16.7% compared to the CNN baseline.

Simultaneous resistance switching and rectifying effects in a single hybrid perovskite

Halide perovskites with naturally coupled electron-ion dynamics hold greatpotential for nonvolatile memory applications. Self-rectifying memristors arepromising as they can avoid sneak currents and simplify device configuration.Here we report a self-rectifying memristor firstly achieved in a single perovskite(NH CINH_(3))_(3)PbI_(5) (abbreviated as (IFA)_(3)PbI_(5)), which is sandwiched byAg and ITO electrodes as the simplest cell in a crossbar array device configuration.The iodide ions of (IFA)_(3)PbI_(5) can be easily activated, of which the migrationin the bulk contributes to the resistance hysteresis and the reaction withAg at the interface contributes to the spontaneous formation of AgI. The perfectcombination of n-type AgI and p-type (IFA)_(3)PbI_(5) gives rise to the rectificationfunction like a p–n diode. Such a self-rectifying memristor exhibits therecord-low set power consumption and voltage. This work emphasizes that themultifunction of ions in perovskites can simplify the fabrication procedure,decrease the programming power, and increase the integration density offuture memory devices.

Improving repair performance for damaged C/C composites via heat-treatment temperature optimization and surface pretreatment

A Ni-based solder BNi-5 was adopted as the repair agent to repair the prefabricated defects on the car-bon/carbon(C/C)composites.The effects of different heat-treatment(HT)temperatures and pre-oxidation on the chemical composition,microstructure,and mechanical behavior of the repaired C/C composites were investigated,and the repair mechanism was studied by finite element analysis methods.The repair agent and C/C composites were tightly bonded through mechanical interlocking and chemical reactions,and the flexural properties of the damaged C/C composites were significantly improved after repair.The products at the interface formed a gradient distribution structure of the thermal expansion coefficient when the HT temperature was 1300°C,which is beneficial to relieve the residual thermal stress at the interface.Meanwhile,the porosity of the surface of the C/C composites was higher after pre-oxidation,which led to more diffusion channels for the repair agent and enhanced the interface bonding ability.The flexural strength was the highest with a recovery rate of 85.2%when the C/C composites were pre-oxidized at 600°C and the HT temperature was 1300°C.This work provides a strategy for the engineering application of the damage repair of C/C composites.

Design of Ultra-Strong As-Cast Titanium Alloy at 600℃by Using Cluster Formula

A Ti-5.4Al-6.4Zr-6.2Sn-0.4Mo-1.6W-0.4Nb-3.2Ta-0.5Si alloy is designed following cluster formula approach that achieves a strength level of 1 GPa at 600℃in the as-cast state,superior to any existing high-temperature Ti alloys.Its composition is formulated by 17 basic units,α-{[Al-Ti12](AlTi2)}12+β-{[Al-Ti_(12)Zr_(2)](Mo_(0.125)Nb_(0.125)Ta_(0.5)W_(0.25)Sn_(1.5)Si_(0.5))}_(5),each unit covering a nearest-neighbor cluster plus a few next-neighbor glue atoms.This design is on the basis of the composition formula of Ti65 alloy,with an enhancedβstability via more Zr,Mo,Nb,Ta,W,Sn,and Si co-alloying.Upon copper-mold pour casting,this alloy shows a good microstructure stability.In tensile testing below at 650℃,itsαplates thickness is nearly at the same level of 0.2μm,which is much smaller than 0.7-0.8μm of Ti65 at the same condition.The changes in volume fraction ofβphase are increased by 86%,much less than by 105%in Ti65.Its room-temperature strength reaches the ultra-high-strength level,with an ultimate tensile strength of 1328 MPa and a yield strength of 1117 MPa,with a moderate elongation of 3.8%.At 600℃,its ultimate tensile strength of 1017 MPa and yield strength of 936 MPa are superior to those of any existing high-temperature Ti alloys,with an elongation of 7.2%.At 650℃,its ultimate tensile strength of 848 MPa still maintains a high level.

Low-dose real-time X-ray imaging with nontoxic double perovskite scintillators

X-rays are widely used in probing inside information nondestructively,enabling broad applications in the medical radiography and electronic industries.X-ray imaging based on emerging lead halide perovskite scintillators has received extensive attention recently.However,the strong self-absorption,relatively low light yield and lead toxicity of these perovskites restrict their practical applications.Here,we report a series of nontoxic double-perovskite scintillators of Cs_(2)Ag_(0.6)Na_(0.4)In_(1-y)Bi_(y)Cl_(6).By controlling the content of the heavy atom Bi^(3+),the X-ray absorption coefficient,radiative emission efficiency,light yield and light decay were manipulated to maximise the scintillator performance.A light yield of up to 39,000±7000 photons/MeV for Cs_(2)Ag_(0.6)Na_(0.4)In_(0.85)Bi_(0.15)Cl_(6) was obtained,which is much higher than that for the previously reported lead halide perovskite colloidal CsPbBr_(3)(21,000 photons/MeV).The large Stokes shift between the radioluminescence(RL)and absorption spectra benefiting from self-trapped excitons(STEs)led to a negligible selfabsorption effect.Given the high light output and fast light decay of this scintillator,static X-ray imaging was attained under an extremely low dose of ∼1μGy_(air),and dynamic X-ray imaging of finger bending without a ghosting effect was demonstrated under a low-dose rate of 47.2μGy_(air) s^(−1).After thermal treatment at 85℃ for 50 h followed by X-ray irradiation for 50 h in ambient air,the scintillator performance in terms of the RL intensity and X-ray image quality remained almost unchanged.Our results shed light on exploring highly competitive scintillators beyond the scope of lead halide perovskites,not only for avoiding toxicity but also for better performance.

Hierarchically porous carbon foams for electric double layer capacitors

The growing demand for portable electronic devices means that lightweight power sources are increasingly sought after. Electric double layer capacitors （EDLCs） are promising candidates for use in lightweight power sources due to their high power densities and outstanding charge/discharge cycling stabilities. Three-dimensional （3D） self-supporting carbon-based materials have been extensively studied for use in lightweight EDLCs. Yet, a major challenge for 3D carbon electrodes is the limited ion diffusion rate in their internal spaces. To address this limitation, hierarchically porous 3D structures that provide additional channels for internal ion diffusion have been proposed. Herein, we report a new chemical method for the synthesis of an ultralight （9.92 mg/cm3） 3D porous carbon foam （PCF） involving carbonization of a glutaraldehyde- cross-linked chitosan aerogel in the presence of potassium carbonate. Electron microscopy images reveal that the carbon foam is an interconnected network of carbon sheets containing uniformly dispersed macropores. In addition, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements confirm the hierarchically porous structure. Electrochemical data show that the PCF electrode can achieve an outstanding gravimetric capacitance of 246.5 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g, and a remarkable capacity retention of 67.5% was observed when the current density was increased from 0.5 to 100A/g. A quasi-solid-state symmetric supercapacitor was fabricated via assembly of two pieces of the new PCF and was found to deliver an ultra-high power density of 25 kW/kg at an energy density of 2.8 Wh/kg. This study demonstrates the synthesis of an ultralight and hierarchically porous carbon foam with high capacitive performance.