Current global climate models cannot resolve the complex topography over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)due to their coarse resolution.This study investigates the impacts of horizontal resolution on simulating aerosol and its...Current global climate models cannot resolve the complex topography over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)due to their coarse resolution.This study investigates the impacts of horizontal resolution on simulating aerosol and its direct radiative effect(DRE)over the TP by applying two horizontal resolutions of about 100 km and 25 km to the Chinese Academy of Sciences Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere Land System(CAS FGOALS-f3)over a 10-year period.Compared to the AErosol RObotic NETwork observations,a high-resolution model(HRM)can better reproduce the spatial distribution and seasonal cycles of aerosol optical depth(AOD)compared to a low-resolution model(LRM).The HRM bias and RMSE of AOD decreased by 0.08 and 0.12,and the correlation coefficient increased by 0.22 compared to the LRM.An LRM is not sufficient to reproduce the aerosol variations associated with fine-scale topographic forcing,such as in the eastern marginal region of the TP.The difference between hydrophilic aerosols in an HRM and LRM is caused by the divergence of the simulated relative humidity(RH).More reasonable distributions and variations of RH are conducive to simulating hydrophilic aerosols.An increase of the 10-m wind speed in winter by an HRM leads to increased dust emissions.The simulated aerosol DREs at the top of the atmosphere(TOA)and at the surface by the HRM are–0.76 W m^(–2)and–8.72 W m^(–2)over the TP,respectively.Both resolution models can capture the key feature that dust TOA DRE transitions from positive in spring to negative in the other seasons.展开更多
The subject of“atmospheric radiation”includes not only fundamental theories on atmospheric gaseous absorption and the scattering and radiative transfer of particles(molecules,cloud,and aerosols),but also their appli...The subject of“atmospheric radiation”includes not only fundamental theories on atmospheric gaseous absorption and the scattering and radiative transfer of particles(molecules,cloud,and aerosols),but also their applications in weather,climate,and atmospheric remote sensing,and is an essential part of the atmospheric sciences.This review includes two parts(Part I and PartⅡ);following the first part on gaseous absorption and particle scattering,this part(PartⅡ)reports the progress that has been made in radiative transfer theories,models,and their common applications,focusing particularly on the contributions from Chinese researchers.The recent achievements on radiative transfer models and methods developed for weather and climate studies and for atmospheric remote sensing are firstly reviewed.Then,the associated applications,such as surface radiation estimation,satellite remote sensing algorithms,radiative parameterization for climate models,and radiative-forcing related climate change studies are summarized,which further reveals the importance of radiative transfer theories and models.展开更多
China has made great efforts to mitigate its long-standing environmental problem in recent years.In China,during the first 5-year Clean Air Action(2013–2017),remarkable reductions in primary pollutants such as SO_(2)...China has made great efforts to mitigate its long-standing environmental problem in recent years.In China,during the first 5-year Clean Air Action(2013–2017),remarkable reductions in primary pollutants such as SO_(2) and fine particle matter (PM_(2.5)) have been achieved,especially in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region[1,2].展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant Nos.4187513341590875+2 种基金41605083the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS grant No.2020078the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences grant No.XDA2006010302。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Funds of China(Grant Nos.41875133,91937302)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA2006010302)+2 种基金the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP,Grant No.2019QZKK0206)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2020078)the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.134111KYSB20200006).
文摘Current global climate models cannot resolve the complex topography over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)due to their coarse resolution.This study investigates the impacts of horizontal resolution on simulating aerosol and its direct radiative effect(DRE)over the TP by applying two horizontal resolutions of about 100 km and 25 km to the Chinese Academy of Sciences Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere Land System(CAS FGOALS-f3)over a 10-year period.Compared to the AErosol RObotic NETwork observations,a high-resolution model(HRM)can better reproduce the spatial distribution and seasonal cycles of aerosol optical depth(AOD)compared to a low-resolution model(LRM).The HRM bias and RMSE of AOD decreased by 0.08 and 0.12,and the correlation coefficient increased by 0.22 compared to the LRM.An LRM is not sufficient to reproduce the aerosol variations associated with fine-scale topographic forcing,such as in the eastern marginal region of the TP.The difference between hydrophilic aerosols in an HRM and LRM is caused by the divergence of the simulated relative humidity(RH).More reasonable distributions and variations of RH are conducive to simulating hydrophilic aerosols.An increase of the 10-m wind speed in winter by an HRM leads to increased dust emissions.The simulated aerosol DREs at the top of the atmosphere(TOA)and at the surface by the HRM are–0.76 W m^(–2)and–8.72 W m^(–2)over the TP,respectively.Both resolution models can capture the key feature that dust TOA DRE transitions from positive in spring to negative in the other seasons.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42122038,42375128,42275039,and 42075125)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3701202)。
文摘The subject of“atmospheric radiation”includes not only fundamental theories on atmospheric gaseous absorption and the scattering and radiative transfer of particles(molecules,cloud,and aerosols),but also their applications in weather,climate,and atmospheric remote sensing,and is an essential part of the atmospheric sciences.This review includes two parts(Part I and PartⅡ);following the first part on gaseous absorption and particle scattering,this part(PartⅡ)reports the progress that has been made in radiative transfer theories,models,and their common applications,focusing particularly on the contributions from Chinese researchers.The recent achievements on radiative transfer models and methods developed for weather and climate studies and for atmospheric remote sensing are firstly reviewed.Then,the associated applications,such as surface radiation estimation,satellite remote sensing algorithms,radiative parameterization for climate models,and radiative-forcing related climate change studies are summarized,which further reveals the importance of radiative transfer theories and models.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42141019,41831175,91937302,41721004,41875133,41590875,and 41605083)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)Program(2019QZKK0102)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2020078)the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(134111KYSB20200006)。
文摘China has made great efforts to mitigate its long-standing environmental problem in recent years.In China,during the first 5-year Clean Air Action(2013–2017),remarkable reductions in primary pollutants such as SO_(2) and fine particle matter (PM_(2.5)) have been achieved,especially in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region[1,2].
