Lightning in a Forest (Wild) Fire: Mechanism at the Molecular Level

The mechanism of lightning that ignites a forest fire and the lightning that occurs above a forest fire are explained at the molecular level. It is based on two phenomena, namely, internal charge separation inside the atmospheric cloud particles and the existence of a layer of positively charged hydrogen atoms sticking out of the surface of the liquid layer of water on the surface of rimers. Strong turbulence-driven collisions of the ice particles and water droplets with the rimers give rise to breakups of the ice particles and water droplets into positively and negatively charged fragments leading to charge separation. Hot weather in a forest contributes to the updraft of hot and humid air, which follows the same physical/chemical processes of normal lightning proposed and explained recently[1]. Lightning would have a high probability of lighting up and burning the dry biological materials in the ground of the forest, leading to a forest (wild) fire. The burning of trees and other plants would release a lot of heat and moisture together with a lot of smoke particles (aerosols) becoming a strong updraft. The condition for creating lightning is again satisfied which would result in further lightning high above the forest wild fire.

医联体模式对基层医生幽门螺杆菌感染规范化诊治的干预效果研究

背景幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)与慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡和胃癌关系密切.多数H.pylori感染者首诊于社区卫生服务中心等基层医疗卫生机构,而当前基层医生在H.pylori感染诊治过程中存在一些不规范之处.本研究通过医共体模式对基层医生进行规范化管理和培训,提高了基层医生H.pylori规范化诊疗水平.目的观察医联体模式对基层医生H.pylori感染规范化诊治的干预效果.方法选取我院所辖5家社区服务中心的基层医生112人,在6 mo内分批对其进行为期3 d的H.pylori感染规范化诊治轮训,比较轮训前后基层医生对《第五次全国幽门螺杆菌感染处理共识》的掌握情况.结果共有106名基层医生完成模块化培训及问卷调查.培训前,基层医生对《第五次共识》的了解较为薄弱,在诊治工作中没有完全应用《第五次共识》;培训后,基层医生对《第五次共识》的知晓和接受程度较培训前明显提高(P<0.01,P<0.05).其中,88.24%的学员认为培训非常有必要,87.25%的学员认为培训效果非常好,95.10%的学员认同该培训模式.结论基层医生对《第五次共识》的依从性低,H.pylori感染诊治欠规范,医联体模式可明显提高基层医生对《第五次共识》的知晓、接受程度,较好的提高了H.pylori诊疗知识水平.

Surface structure modification of ReSe2 nanosheets via carbon ion irradiation

The effects of C ion irradiation on multilayer ReSe2flakes are studied by utilizing different kinds of technologies. The domain sizes, thickness, morphologies of the multilayer ReSe2flakes on the Al2O3substrates before and after 1.0-MeV C ion irradiation with different fluence rates are studied by atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscopy. The atomic vibrational spectra of multilayer ReSe2flakes are detected by micro-Raman spectra. The redshifts of the Raman modes after 1.0-MeV C ion irradiation are observed from the micro-Raman spectra. The elemental compositions and bonding configurations of the multilayer ReSe2samples before and after irradiation processes are characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The structural properties are also investigated by x-ray diffraction, and it is concluded that after 1.0-MeV C ion irradiation process, multilayer ReSe2samples continue to grow on Al2O3substrates, the increase of crystallite size also reveals that the crystallinity is improved with the increase of the layer number after 1.0-MeV C ion irradiation.

Effects of microtubule-associated protein tau expression on neural stem cell migration after spinal cord injury

Our preliminary proteomics analysis suggested that expression of microtubule-associated protein tau is elevated in the spinal cord after injury. Therefore, the first aim of the present study was to examine tau expression in the injured spinal cord. The second aim was to determine whether tau can regulate neural stem cell migration, a critical factor in the successful treatment of spinal cord injury. We established rat models of spinal cord injury and injected them with mouse hippocampal neural stem cells through the tail vein. We used immunohistochemistry to show that the expression of tau protein and the number of migrated neural stem cells were markedly increased in the injured spinal cord. Furthermore, using a Transwell assay, we showed that neural stem cell migration was not affected by an elevated tau concentration in the outer chamber, but it was decreased by changes in intracellular tau phosphorylation state. These results demonstrate that neural stem cells have targeted migration capability at the site of injury, and that although tau is not a chemokine for targeted migration of neural stem cells, intracellular tau phosphorylation/dephosphorylation can inhibit cell migration.

Sorbitol Hydrogenolysis to Glycols over Baisic Additive Promoted Ni-based Catalysts

一系列 Ni 与不同支持基于催化剂，基本添加剂被顺序的受精方法准备。催化剂被 XRD，赌注， H2-TPR 和 CO2-TPD 技术描绘。基本添加剂的介绍提高了 catalyats 的盐基度并且由在 Ni 2+ 和基本添加剂之间的强壮的相互作用支持了 Ni 粒子的 dispersities，这被发现。在 Ni 之中基于催化剂， 10%Ni/10%La2O3 /ZrO2 在山梨糖醇 hydrogenolysis 显示出优异表演。Ni 和 La2O3 的 synergistic 效果被证明在选择合成起一个必要作用例如并且 1,2-PG。处于最佳的反应条件，催化剂介绍了 100% 山梨糖醇变换和超过 48% 乙二醇(例如并且 1,2-PG ) 产量。polyols (山梨糖醇，木糖醇和甘油) 的动力学学习 hydrogenolysis 证明有更多的氢氧根数字的 polyols 举办更高的活动，产品分发是运动平衡的最后的结果，它能给我们关于怎么改变产品选择的某灵感。

Cascade Enzymatic Hydrolysis Coupling with Ultrafine Grinding Pretreatment for Sugarcane Bagasse Saccharification

为甘蔗甘蔗渣 saccharification 的 biorefinery 过程通常要求纤维素的重要可接近性。我们报导了串联绗维素酶的一个新奇方法为甘蔗甘蔗渣 saccharification 结合极其细小的磨擦预告的处理的酶的水解作用。包括的三个酶的水解作用模式挑选绗维素酶酶的水解作用，混合绗维素酶酶的水解作用，和串联绗维素酶酶的水解作用被比较。功能的组和在串联绗维素酶期间，酶的水解作用也是的甘蔗渣的表面形态学上的变化分别地由英尺红外和 SEM 检验了。结果显示出酶的水解作用是的那串联提高甘蔗甘蔗渣 saccharification 的最有效的方法。与90.1%葡萄糖选择减少糖产量中的超过65%个在 50 摯椠?桷捩?被完成?眠獡甠敳?獡愠獳獩楴杮映畬?湡??慬杲?整灭牥瑡牵?牧摡敩瑮???鰠??釦?鳛???鴿鮘???微鴿钤??颞酋?鱎?隝????龜?徬?疞?螮趬鐿?????????吗????？？

Transformation of Biomass into Aromatics with Zeolite Catalysts

生物资源是一个性质能被用于高价值化学药品和简历燃料的生产的可更新的资源。在礼品，工作，进象苯那样的 aromatics 的锯屑的转变，甲苯和二甲苯在一系列沸石催化剂(NaZSM-5， HZSM-5，裸麦和 HY 催化剂) 上被调查。在测试催化剂之中， HZSM-5 催化剂为 aromatics 的生产显示出最高的活动。aromatics 的收益和碳选择到达了大约 26.5% 并且 62.5C-mol% ，分别地在在 T=450 的最佳的条件下面的 HZSM-5 催化剂上 ????????????? 楳畴吗？？

Added value of systemic inflammation markers for monitoring response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients

BACKGROUND Complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy(r NACT) elevates the surgical outcomes of patients with breast cancer, however, non-r NACT have a higher risk of death and recurrence.AIM To establish novel machine learning(ML)-based predictive models for predicting probability of r NACT in breast cancer patients who intends to receive NACT.METHODS A retrospective analysis of 487 breast cancer patients who underwent mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery and axillary lymph node dissection following neoadjuvant chemotherapy at the Hubei Cancer Hospital between January 1, 2013, and October 1, 2021. The study cohort was divided into internal training and testing datasets in a 70:30 ratio for further analysis. A total of twenty-four variables were included to develop predictive models for r NACT by multiple MLbased algorithms. A feature selection approach was used to identify optimal predictive factors. These models were evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve for predictive performance.RESULTS Analysis identified several significant differences between the r NACT and nonr NACT groups, including total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, neutrophilto-lymphocyte ratio, body mass index, platelet count, albumin-to-globulin ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio. The areas under the curve of the six models ranged from 0.81 to 0.96. Some ML-based models performed better than models using conventional statistical methods in both ROC curves. The support vector machine(SVM) model with twelve variables introduced was identified as the best predictive model.CONCLUSION By incorporating retreatment serum lipids and serum inflammation markers, it is feasible to develop ML-based models for the preoperative prediction of r NACT and therefore facilitate the choice of treatment, particularly the SVM, which can improve the prediction of r NACT in patients with breast cancer.

Demonstration of controlled high-dimensional quantum teleportation

Controlled quantum teleportation(CQT), which is regarded as the prelude and backbone for a genuine quantum internet, reveals the cooperation, supervision, and control relationship among the sender, receiver, and controller in the quantum network within the simplest unit. Compared with low-dimensional counterparts, high-dimensional CQT can exhibit larger information transmission capacity and higher superiority of the controller's authority. In this article, we report a proof-of-principle experimental realization of three-dimensional(3D) CQT with a fidelity of 97.4% ± 0.2%. To reduce the complexity of the circuit, we simulate a standard 4-qutrit CQT protocol in a 9×9-dimensional two-photon system with high-quality operations. The corresponding control powers are 48.1% ± 0.2% for teleporting a qutrit and 52.8% ± 0.3% for teleporting a qubit in the experiment, which are both higher than the theoretical value of control power in 2-dimensional CQT protocol(33%). The results fully demonstrate the advantages of high-dimensional multi-partite entangled networks and provide new avenues for constructing complex quantum networks.

Stable,intense supercontinuum light generation at 1 kHz by electric field assisted femtosecond laser filamentation in air

Supercontinuum(SC)light source has advanced ultrafast laser spectroscopy in condensed matter science,biology,physics,and chemistry.Compared to the frequently used photonic crystal fibers and bulk materials,femtosecond laser filamentation in gases is damage-immune for supercontinuum generation.A bottleneck problem is the strong jitters from filament induced self-heating at kHz repetition rate level.We demonstrated stable kHz supercontinuum generation directly in air with multiple mJ level pulse energy.This was achieved by applying an external DC electric field to the air plasma filament.Beam pointing jitters of the 1 kHz air filament induced SC light were reduced by more than 2 fold.The stabilized high repetition rate laser filament offers the opportunity for stable intense SC generation and its applications in air.

Pulse repetition rate effect on the plasma inside femtosecond laser filament in air

The characteristics of plasmas play an important role in femtosecond laser filament-based applications.Spectroscopic analysis is used to experimentally investigate the plasma density and its temperature of the air filament under different pulse repetition rates.In our experiments,the measured average plasma density of the filament is 1.54×10^(17)cm^(-3)and the temperature of the plasma is about 5100 K under 100 Hz pulse repetition rate.The plasma density decreases to1.43×10^(17)cm^(-3)and the temperature increases to 6230 K as the pulse repetition rate increases to 1000 Hz.The experimental observation agrees with the numerical simulation by solving the nonlinear Schr?dinger equations with repetition rate related“low density hole”correction.

Pulse repetition-rate effect on the intensity inside a femtosecond laser filament in air

As intense,ultrashort,kHz-repetition-rate laser systems become commercially available,pulse cumulative effects are critical for laser filament-based applications.In this work,the pulse repetition-rate effect on femtosecond laser filamentation in air was investigated both numerically and experimentally.The pulse repetition-rate effect has negligible influence at the leading edge of the filament.Clear intensity enhancement from a high-repetition pulse is observed at the peak and tailing edge of the laser filament.As the repetition rate of the laser pulses increases from 100 to 1000 Hz,the length of the filament extends and the intensity inside the filament increases.A physical picture based on the pulse repetition-rate dependent‘low-density hole’effect on filamentation is proposed to explain the obtained results well.

Spinning microresonator-induced chiral optical transmission

Chiral quantum optics is a new research area in light-matter interaction that depends on the direction of light propagation and offers a new path for the quantum regulation of light-matter interactions.In this paper,we study a spinning Kerr-type microresonator coupled withΛ-type atom ensembles,which are driven in opposite directions to generate asymmetric photon statistics.We find that a photon blockade can only be generated by driving the spinning resonator on right side without driving the spinning microresonator from the left side,resulting in chirality.The coupling strength between system modes can be precisely controlled by adjusting the detuning amount of the atomic pump field.Because of the splitting of the resonant frequency generated by the Fizeau drag,the destructive quantum interference generated in right side drive prevents the nonresonant transition path of state|1,0⟩to state|2,0⟩.This direction-dependent chiral quantum optics is expected to be applied to chiral optical devices,single-photon sources and nonreciprocal quantum communications.

Concentration and distribution of entanglement based on valley qubits system in graphene

Exploiting the optical excitation selection rules in graphene quantum dots, we investigate theoretically the entanglement generation process and entanglement concentration process of valley qubits. Our protocol shows that the graphene-based quantum dots can be distributed in a maximally entangled state through the interaction with single photons. In our proposed scheme, the setups are simplified as only single-photon detection is required. This provides a fast, all-optical manipulation of on-chip qubits,which gives an effective way for quantum information processing in graphene-based solid qubits.

Intense broadband THz generation from femtosecond laser filamentation

Broadband and energetic terahertz (THz) pulses can be remotely generated in air through filamentation. We review such THz generation and detection in femtosecond Ti-sapphire laser induced remote filaments. New results are presented on the direct relationship between THz generation in a two color filament and induced N2 fluorescence through population trapping during molecular alignment and revival in air. This further supports the new technique of remote THz detection in air through the sensitive measurement of N2 fluorescence.

Spectroscopic analysis of high electric field enhanced ionization in laser filaments in air for corona guiding

We report on a systematic experimental study on the fluorescence spectra produced from a femtosecond laser filament in air under a high electric field. The electric field alone was strong enough to create corona discharge(CD). Fluorescence spectra from neutral and ionic air molecules were measured and compared with pure high-voltage CD and pure laser filamentation(FIL). Among them, high electric field assisted laser FIL produced nitrogen fluorescence more efficiently than either pure CD or pure FIL processes. The nonlinear enhancement of fluorescence from the interaction of the laser filament and corona discharging electric field resulted in a more efficient ionization along the laser filament zone, which was confirmed by the spectroscopic measurement of both ionization-induced fluorescence and plasma-scattered 800 nm laser pulses. This is believed to be the key precursor process for filament-guided discharge.

Polarization dependent clamping intensity inside a femtosecond filament in air

Laser polarization and its intensity inside a filament core play an important role in filament-based applications.However,polarization dependent clamping intensity inside filaments has been overlooked to interpret the polarization-related filamentation phenomena.Here,we report on experimental and numerical investigations of polarization dependent clamping intensity inside a femtosecond filament in air.By adjusting the initial polarization from linear to circular,the clamping intensity is increased by 1.36 times when using a 30 cm focal length lens for filamentation.The results indicate that clamping intensity inside the filament is sensitive to laser polarization,which has to be considered to fully understand polarizationrelated phenomena.

Asymmetrical Bell state analysis for photon-atoms hybrid system

Bell-state analysis(BSA) has great application in the quantum communication. To our best knowledge, the current works are devoted to the physical realization of symmetrical 2×2-dimensional or 2^N× 2^N-dimensional 2-qudit BSA, and there is no work focused on the physical realization of the asymmetrical high-dimensional(for example 3×4-dimensional 2-qudit) Bell-states complete analysis. In this paper, by using the nonlinear interaction between the atoms and photons, we propose a scheme to completely distinguish the asymmetrical 3×4-dimensional 2-qudit Bell states of a hybrid system. We use the quantum information splitting, which is exploited to resolve the degree-mismatch issue in the quantum state sharing schemes, as an example to show the application of the asymmetrical BSA. Finally, we discuss its possible realization with current experimental techniques. Our asymmetrical high-dimensional BSA protocol may pave a new way for high-capacity long-distance quantum communication.