Epidemiological studies have suggested that inhalation exposure to indoor ambient air from coal-burning environments is causally associated with respiratory health risks.In order to explore the toxicological mechanism...Epidemiological studies have suggested that inhalation exposure to indoor ambient air from coal-burning environments is causally associated with respiratory health risks.In order to explore the toxicological mechanisms behind the adverse health effects,the hemolytic activity of PM_(10)(particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 um or less)samples collected from homes burning coal in the recognized China"cancer village"Xuanwei were evaluated and matched against their trace elemental contents.The results demonstrated that the hemolytic activity of indoor PM_(10) in coal-burning environments ranged from 4.28%to 5.24%,with a clear positive dose-response relationship.Although low dose samples exhibited a reduced hemolytic activity,PM_(10) could have a toxic effect upon people in a coal-burning indoor environment for extended time periods.The concentrations of analyzed trace elements in PM_(10) samples ranged from 6966 to 12,958 ppm.Among the analyzed elements,Zn,Ti,Ni,Cu,Pb,Ba,Mn,Cr and V were found at higher concentrations and accounted for over 95%of the total elements.The concentrations of total analyzed elements in the PM_(10) samples revealed a significant positive correlation with PM_(10) hemolytic activity.Of the analyzed elements,Zn,Pb and Cs positively correlated with hemolysis,while Li,U and V negatively correlated with the hemolysis of human red blood cells(RBCs).Therefore,the heavy metal elements could be one of the main factors responsible for the hemolytic capacity of indoor PM_(10) in coal-burning environments.展开更多
Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by the novel coronavirus,results in an acute respiratory condition coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)and is highly infectious.The recent spread of this virus has caused a global pandem...Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by the novel coronavirus,results in an acute respiratory condition coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)and is highly infectious.The recent spread of this virus has caused a global pandemic.Currently,the transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 are being established,especially the role of environmental transmission.Here we review the environmental transmission routes and persistence of SARS-CoV-2.Recent studies have established that the transmission of this virus may occur,amongst others,in the air,water,soil,cold-chain,biota,and surface contact.It has also been found that the survival potential of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is dependent on different environmental conditions and pollution.Potentially important pathways include aerosol and fecal matter.Particulate matter may also be a carrier for SARS-CoV-2.Since microscopic particles can be easily absorbed by humans,more attention must be focused on the dissemination of these particles.These considerations are required to evolve a theoretical platform for epidemic control and to minimize the global threat from future epidemics.展开更多
The pore structures of coal can directly affect the adsorption and seepage capacity of coalbed methane(CBM),which therefore is an important influence on CBM exploration and development.In this study,the pore structure...The pore structures of coal can directly affect the adsorption and seepage capacity of coalbed methane(CBM),which therefore is an important influence on CBM exploration and development.In this study,the pore structures of low-rank coals from the Middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation in the southern Junggar Basin were analyzed,and the fractal dimensions(D1,D2,D3 and D4 corresponding to pore sizes of 0-5 nm,5-100 nm,100-1000 nm and 1000-20000 nm,respectively)were calculated to quantitatively describe these coal pore structures.The results show that Xishanyao coal is characterized by open pore morphology,good pore connectivity and well-developed seepage pores and microfractures,which is beneficial to CBM seepage.The D1 and D2 can be used to characterize the pore surface and structure of adsorption pores respectively.The D3 and D4 can be used to represent the pore structure of seepage pores.Compared with adsorption pores,the structure of seepage pores is more affected by the change of coal rank.The D1 is better than D2 in characterizing the methane adsorption capacity.When D1>2.2,D1 is positively correlated with Langmuir volume(VL)and negatively correlated with Langmuir pressure(PL),while D2 shows a weak opposite trend.The coals with the higher D1 and lower D2 are associated with a higher VL,indicating the coal reservoir with more complex pore surfaces and simpler pore structures has stronger methane adsorption capacity.D4 is better than D3 in characterizing the methane seepage capacity.The porosity and permeability of coal reservoirs increase with the increase of D4,while D3 displays an opposite trend,which is mainly related to the well-developed microfractures.The well-developed fracture system enhances the seepage capacity of the Xishanyao coal reservoir.This study reveals the fractal characteristics of pore structure and its significant influence on adsorption and seepage capacity of low-rank coal.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.42075107 and 41572090)the Yueqi Scholar fund of China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)。
文摘Epidemiological studies have suggested that inhalation exposure to indoor ambient air from coal-burning environments is causally associated with respiratory health risks.In order to explore the toxicological mechanisms behind the adverse health effects,the hemolytic activity of PM_(10)(particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 um or less)samples collected from homes burning coal in the recognized China"cancer village"Xuanwei were evaluated and matched against their trace elemental contents.The results demonstrated that the hemolytic activity of indoor PM_(10) in coal-burning environments ranged from 4.28%to 5.24%,with a clear positive dose-response relationship.Although low dose samples exhibited a reduced hemolytic activity,PM_(10) could have a toxic effect upon people in a coal-burning indoor environment for extended time periods.The concentrations of analyzed trace elements in PM_(10) samples ranged from 6966 to 12,958 ppm.Among the analyzed elements,Zn,Ti,Ni,Cu,Pb,Ba,Mn,Cr and V were found at higher concentrations and accounted for over 95%of the total elements.The concentrations of total analyzed elements in the PM_(10) samples revealed a significant positive correlation with PM_(10) hemolytic activity.Of the analyzed elements,Zn,Pb and Cs positively correlated with hemolysis,while Li,U and V negatively correlated with the hemolysis of human red blood cells(RBCs).Therefore,the heavy metal elements could be one of the main factors responsible for the hemolytic capacity of indoor PM_(10) in coal-burning environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant No.42075107)the Projects of International Cooperation and Exchanges NSFC(Grant No.41571130031)the Yueqi Scholar fund of China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing).
文摘Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by the novel coronavirus,results in an acute respiratory condition coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)and is highly infectious.The recent spread of this virus has caused a global pandemic.Currently,the transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 are being established,especially the role of environmental transmission.Here we review the environmental transmission routes and persistence of SARS-CoV-2.Recent studies have established that the transmission of this virus may occur,amongst others,in the air,water,soil,cold-chain,biota,and surface contact.It has also been found that the survival potential of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is dependent on different environmental conditions and pollution.Potentially important pathways include aerosol and fecal matter.Particulate matter may also be a carrier for SARS-CoV-2.Since microscopic particles can be easily absorbed by humans,more attention must be focused on the dissemination of these particles.These considerations are required to evolve a theoretical platform for epidemic control and to minimize the global threat from future epidemics.
文摘The pore structures of coal can directly affect the adsorption and seepage capacity of coalbed methane(CBM),which therefore is an important influence on CBM exploration and development.In this study,the pore structures of low-rank coals from the Middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation in the southern Junggar Basin were analyzed,and the fractal dimensions(D1,D2,D3 and D4 corresponding to pore sizes of 0-5 nm,5-100 nm,100-1000 nm and 1000-20000 nm,respectively)were calculated to quantitatively describe these coal pore structures.The results show that Xishanyao coal is characterized by open pore morphology,good pore connectivity and well-developed seepage pores and microfractures,which is beneficial to CBM seepage.The D1 and D2 can be used to characterize the pore surface and structure of adsorption pores respectively.The D3 and D4 can be used to represent the pore structure of seepage pores.Compared with adsorption pores,the structure of seepage pores is more affected by the change of coal rank.The D1 is better than D2 in characterizing the methane adsorption capacity.When D1>2.2,D1 is positively correlated with Langmuir volume(VL)and negatively correlated with Langmuir pressure(PL),while D2 shows a weak opposite trend.The coals with the higher D1 and lower D2 are associated with a higher VL,indicating the coal reservoir with more complex pore surfaces and simpler pore structures has stronger methane adsorption capacity.D4 is better than D3 in characterizing the methane seepage capacity.The porosity and permeability of coal reservoirs increase with the increase of D4,while D3 displays an opposite trend,which is mainly related to the well-developed microfractures.The well-developed fracture system enhances the seepage capacity of the Xishanyao coal reservoir.This study reveals the fractal characteristics of pore structure and its significant influence on adsorption and seepage capacity of low-rank coal.
