Acoustical quality of the indoor environment is increasingly being recognized as important in commercial, residentialand institutional building design. Unwanted sound is the most prevalent annoyance in many modern str...Acoustical quality of the indoor environment is increasingly being recognized as important in commercial, residentialand institutional building design. Unwanted sound is the most prevalent annoyance in many modern structures,leading to increased stress, loss of productivity and decreased quality of life for building occupants. The authors proposea minimum LEED standard for acoustical quality which can be incorporated into initial design or employed asa post-construction evaluation tool.展开更多
The cost of energy is a signifi cant percentage of the operating expense for most buildings.Energy used within buildings is supplied primarily by electricity.Demand for electricity used in industrial and agricultural ...The cost of energy is a signifi cant percentage of the operating expense for most buildings.Energy used within buildings is supplied primarily by electricity.Demand for electricity used in industrial and agricultural applications is frequently leveled by shifting portions of peak loads to non-peak periods.Leveling electrical loads reduces the utility’s carbon footprint and the cost of generating power.Resulting savings are commonly shared with customers through economic incentives.Similar techniques can be applied to control the energy demand of buildings,with benefi ts for both the electrical utility and electricity users.This paper provides an overview of electrical load-shedding techniques,outlines some of the benefi ts and problems associated with each,and discusses how some of these techniques are currently being applied to reduce the total electrical load for buildings.The paper also proposes a LEED credit which provides an incentive for owners and tenants to incorporate one or more load-shedding systems into LEED certifi ed buildings to lower peak electrical demand.展开更多
文摘Acoustical quality of the indoor environment is increasingly being recognized as important in commercial, residentialand institutional building design. Unwanted sound is the most prevalent annoyance in many modern structures,leading to increased stress, loss of productivity and decreased quality of life for building occupants. The authors proposea minimum LEED standard for acoustical quality which can be incorporated into initial design or employed asa post-construction evaluation tool.
文摘The cost of energy is a signifi cant percentage of the operating expense for most buildings.Energy used within buildings is supplied primarily by electricity.Demand for electricity used in industrial and agricultural applications is frequently leveled by shifting portions of peak loads to non-peak periods.Leveling electrical loads reduces the utility’s carbon footprint and the cost of generating power.Resulting savings are commonly shared with customers through economic incentives.Similar techniques can be applied to control the energy demand of buildings,with benefi ts for both the electrical utility and electricity users.This paper provides an overview of electrical load-shedding techniques,outlines some of the benefi ts and problems associated with each,and discusses how some of these techniques are currently being applied to reduce the total electrical load for buildings.The paper also proposes a LEED credit which provides an incentive for owners and tenants to incorporate one or more load-shedding systems into LEED certifi ed buildings to lower peak electrical demand.
