Colorectal Cancer Segmentation Algorithm Based on Deep Features from Enhanced CT Images

Colorectal cancer,a malignant lesion of the intestines,significantly affects human health and life,emphasizing the necessity of early detection and treatment.Accurate segmentation of colorectal cancer regions directly impacts subsequent staging,treatment methods,and prognostic outcomes.While colonoscopy is an effective method for detecting colorectal cancer,its data collection approach can cause patient discomfort.To address this,current research utilizes Computed Tomography(CT)imaging;however,conventional CT images only capture transient states,lacking sufficient representational capability to precisely locate colorectal cancer.This study utilizes enhanced CT images,constructing a deep feature network from the arterial,portal venous,and delay phases to simulate the physician’s diagnostic process and achieve accurate cancer segmentation.The innovations include:1)Utilizing portal venous phase CT images to introduce a context-aware multi-scale aggregation module for preliminary shape extraction of colorectal cancer.2)Building an image sequence based on arterial and delay phases,transforming the cancer segmentation issue into an anomaly detection problem,establishing a pixel-pairing strategy,and proposing a colorectal cancer segmentation algorithm using a Siamese network.Experiments with 84 clinical cases of colorectal cancer enhanced CT data demonstrated an Area Overlap Measure of 0.90,significantly better than Fully Convolutional Networks(FCNs)at 0.20.Future research will explore the relationship between conventional and enhanced CT to further reduce segmentation time and improve accuracy.

Monitoring and Prediction of the Vibration Intensity of Seismic Waves Induced in Underwater Rock by Underwater Drilling and Blasting

All underwater drilling and blasting operations generate seismic waves.However,due to a lack of suitable vibration sensing instruments,most studies on the propagation of seismic waves have been limited to shorelines near construction areas or wharfs,whereas comparatively few studies have beerconducted on the larger seafloor itself.To address this gap,a seafloor vibration sensor system was developed and applied in this study that consists of an autonomous acquisition storage terminal,soft-ware platform,and hole-plugging device that was designed to record the blasting vibration intensities received through submarine rocks at a given measurement point.Additionally,dimensional analyses were used to derive a predictive equation for the strength of blast vibrations that considered the in fluence of the water depth.By combining reliable vibration data obtained using the sensor system in submarine rock and the developed predictive equation,it was determined that the water depth was ar important factor influencing the measured vibration strength.The results using the newly derivedequation were compared to those determined using the Sadowski equation,which is commonly used on land,and it was found that predictions using the derived equation were closer to the experimental values with an average error of less than 10%,representing a significant improvement.Based on these results the developed sensor system and preliminary theoretical basis was deemed suitable for studying the propagation behavior of submarine seismic waves generated by underwater drilling and blasting operations.

Quantification of radiation damage in natural and synthetic zircon by Raman spectroscopy:application to low-temperature thermochronology

Due to its ubiquitous occurrence in igneous,metamorphic,and sedimentary rocks and its wide application in geochronology and geochemistry,zircon has become the most widely used accessory mineral in the geological community.Nevertheless,the decay of U and Th causes radiation damage to the zircon structure,resulting in various degrees of metamictization,which can affect the accuracy of U–Pb dates and Hf and O isotope results.If the degree of zircon radiation damage can be quantified,the influence on geochemical analyses can be evaluated,and the results can be corrected more precisely.In this paper,synthetic and natural zircon crystals with different crystallization ages were selected for Raman spectroscopy analysis,cathodoluminescence imaging,and determination of the U and Th concentrations.The results show that Raman FWHM(full width at half bandmaximum)and Raman shift correlate with alpha dose(Da)ofzirconsfollowingtheseequations,FWHM=44.36(±2.32)×[1-exp(-2.74×Da)]-+1.7(±0.19),Raman Shift=-6.53×Da+1007.69.Analysis of synthetic zircon crystals shows that doped REEs(rare earth elements and P)can also lead to an increase in the FWHM.However,this effect can be ignored for natural zircon samples with REE contents at a normal level of hundreds to a few thousand ppm.The FWHM and Raman shift can be used as proxies to measure the degree of zircon radiation damage.Using the updated equations to calculate the latest age when zircon began to accumulate radiation damage,a more accurate and more meaningful“radiation damage age”can be obtained.

政策促进还是政策摩擦?——医疗保险异地结算与分级诊疗的政策交互作用研究

【问题】多项医疗公共政策之间可能存在相互作用,研究这种交互作用对完善公共政策相互作用理论、推进后续医改政策设计有重要意义。近年来医保异地联网结算与分级诊疗制度齐头并进,这两种政策间到底产生了政策促进还是政策摩擦?【方法】论文利用广东省A市B区城乡居民医保结算数据,有效样本达23万,对城乡居民前往异地三级医院住院就医人次和费用作卡方检验和方差分析,并运用PSM-DID模型分析政策间的影响。【发现】医保异地联网结算政策对分级诊疗制度产生了政策摩擦,即异地联网结算政策的实施推高了异地三级医院的就医人次,增加了患者前往异地三级医院的住院支出总额与个人支付费用。但异地联网结算政策对城乡居民医保基金的支付负担没有显著影响,且对总体上提升异地就医者的健康公平具有政策促进作用。【贡献】论文从公共政策相互作用理论视角,用PSM-DID等方法分析医疗卫生领域两项政策的相互作用,弥补了现有研究较少基于医保结算数据量化分析政策间相互作用的不足,为公共政策相互作用理论提供了医疗卫生政策领域的实证证据及改进建议;更为异地联网结算政策和分级诊疗制度的各自完善和相互协同提供了实证依据。

鲢鱼放养密度对水体中浮游藻类的影响

2013年4~9月调查了山西省永济市温流水良种繁育场鲢鱼放养密度对水体浮游藻类,特别是蓝藻细胞丰度以及溶氧量的影响。两组鱼塘,一组为低密度鲢鱼养殖(21.2 g/m3),一组为高密度鲢鱼养殖(42.4 g/m3)。调查结果显示:1) 高密度鲢鱼放养鱼塘溶氧高于低密度鲢鱼放养鱼塘;2) 初期水体的浮游藻类总细胞丰度差异不大,但后期鲢鱼高密度放养鱼塘浮游藻类总细胞丰度低于低密度放养鱼塘;3) 初期两种密度鲢鱼养殖池塘中的蓝藻细胞丰度差异不大,后期高密度鲢鱼养殖池塘比低密度鲢鱼养殖池塘中的蓝藻细胞丰度明显降低,在浮游藻类总细胞丰度中所占比例也有同样的变化趋势;4) 两种养殖密度下,后期高密度养殖池塘中优势种有由蓝藻门向其他门类变化的趋势。总体结论,高密度鲢鱼养殖较低密度鲢鱼养殖可以更有效地控制和减少水体中的浮游藻类细胞丰度,特别是蓝藻的细胞丰度,更有利于水质净化,同时也提高了渔产潜力。

Multi-View Auxiliary Diagnosis Algorithm for Lung Nodules

Lung is an important organ of human body.More and more people are suffering from lung diseases due to air pollution.These diseases are usually highly infectious.Such as lung tuberculosis,novel coronavirus COVID-19,etc.Lung nodule is a kind of high-density globular lesion in the lung.Physicians need to spend a lot of time and energy to observe the computed tomography image sequences to make a diagnosis,which is inefficient.For this reason,the use of computer-assisted diagnosis of lung nodules has become the current main trend.In the process of computer-aided diagnosis,how to reduce the false positive rate while ensuring a low missed detection rate is a difficulty and focus of current research.To solve this problem,we propose a three-dimensional optimization model to achieve the extraction of suspected regions,improve the traditional deep belief network,and to modify the dispersion matrix between classes.We construct a multi-view model,fuse local three-dimensional information into two-dimensional images,and thereby to reduce the complexity of the algorithm.And alleviate the problem of unbalanced training caused by only a small number of positive samples.Experiments show that the false positive rate of the algorithm proposed in this paper is as low as 12%,which is in line with clinical application standards.

Study of Problems in the Development of Non-profit Organizations in Urban Communities

With the continuous advancement of construction of urban communities and the continuous development of the needs of community residents in China,non-profit organizations in various urban communities have developed rapidly and have increasingly played an important role in social and economic life. At present,the development of non-profit organizations in urban communities is still faced with many problems,such as difficulty in raising funds,lack of incentives that results in low enthusiasm for volunteering and low participation of community residents,etc. It is urgent and practical significance to study,analyze and solve the problems faced by non-profit organizations in urban communities. That article focuses on the analysis and discussion of the problems facing the development of non-profit organizations in urban communities,and proposes countermeasures to solve the problems.

Green manuring relocates microbiomes in driving the soil functionality of nitrogen cycling to obtain preferable grain yields in thirty years

Fertilizers are widely used to produce more food, inevitably altering the diversity and composition of soil organisms. The role of soil biodiversity in controlling multiple ecosystem services remains unclear, especially after decades of fertilization. Here, we assess the contribution of the soil functionalities of carbon(C), nitrogen(N), and phosphorus(P) cycling to crop production and explore how soil organisms control these functionalities in a 33-year field fertilization experiment. The long-term application of green manure or cow manure produced wheat yields equivalent to those obtained with chemical N, with the former providing higher soil functions and allowing the functionality of N cycling(especially soil N mineralization and biological N fixation) to control wheat production. The keystone phylotypes within the global network rather than the overall microbial community dominated the soil multifunctionality and functionality of C,N, and P cycling across the soil profile(0–100 cm). We further confirmed that these keystone phylotypes consisted of many metabolic pathways of nutrient cycling and essential microbes involved in organic C mineralization, N_(2)O release, and biological N fixation. The chemical N, green manure, and cow manure resulted in the highest abundances of amoB, nifH, and GH48 genes and Nitrosomonadaceae,Azospirillaceae, and Sphingomonadaceae within the keystone phylotypes, and these microbes were significantly and positively correlated with N_(2)O release, N fixation, and organic C mineralization, respectively. Moreover, our results demonstrated that organic fertilization increased the effects of the network size and keystone phylotypes on the subsoil functions by facilitating the migration of soil microorganisms across the soil profiles and green manure with the highest migration rates. This study highlights the importance of the functionality of N cycling in controlling crop production and keystone phylotypes in regulating soil functions, and provides selectable fertilization strategies for maintaining crop production and soil functions across soil profiles in agricultural ecosystems.

Photoluminescence properties and thermal stability of Eu^(3+)-activated La_(7)Ta_(3)W_(4)O_(30) red-emitting phosphors for near-UV-excited w-LEDs

Novel trivalent europium(Eu^(3+))-activated La_(7)Ta_(3)W_(4)O_(30):xEu^(3+)(x=0.5 mol%-40 mol%) red-emitting phosphors were synthesized by means of a high-temperature solid-state reaction.The structure,morphology,photoluminescence,thermal-stability properties,lifetime,and color-rendering of the prepared phosphors were investigated in detail.The La_(7)Ta_(3)W_(4)O_(30):Eu^(3+) phosphors show five emission peaks under near-ultraviolet(n-UV) at 397 nm,and these peaks are ascribed to the transitions of ^(5)D0-^(7)Fj(j=0,1,2,3 and 4) by Eu^(3+) ions.The optimal doping concentration of Eu^(3+) is 20 mol%,and the critical distance of the energy transfer between the Eu^(3+)ions was calculated to be 1.768 nm.The quenching temperature(T_(0.5)) of La_(7)Ta_(3)W_(4)O_(30):20 mol%Eu^(3+) is about 440 K.The quantum yield(QY) was measured to be 85.85%.The fabricated white-light-emitting diodes(w-LEDs) possess high color-rendering index(R_(a)) of 90,and high correlated color temperature(CCT) of 5810 K,respectively.The Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage(CIE) coordinates are(0.311,0.322).Therefore,the prepared phosphor has a promising application for w-LEDs.

Micromachined Infrared Thermopile Detector Based on a Suspended Film Structure

The micro-electromechanical system(MEMS)infrared thermopile is the core working device of modern information detection systems such as spectrometers,gas sensors,and remote temperature sensors.We presented two different structures of MEMS infrared thermopiles based on suspended film structures.They both deposited silicon nitride over the entire surface as a passivated absorber layer in place of a separate absorber zone,and the thermocouple strip was oriented in the same direction as the temperature gradient.The same MEMS preparation process was used and finally two different structures of the thermopile were characterized separately for testing to verify the impact of our design on the detector.The test results show that the circular and double-ended symmetrical thermopile detectors have responsivities of 27.932 V/W and 23.205 V/W,specific detectivities of 12.1×10^(7) cm·Hz^(1/2)·W^(-1) and 10.1×10^(7) cm·Hz^(1/2)·W^(-1),and response time of 26.2 ms and 27.06 ms,respectively.In addition,rectangular double-ended symmetric thermopile has a larger field of view than a circular thermopile detector,but is not as mechanically stable as a circular thermopile.

气温和根区温度对葡萄叶片光合荧光特性的影响

为探究气温和根区温度对葡萄(Vitis vinifera)叶片光合荧光特性的影响,以一年生巨峰葡萄为试材,设置对照、高气温、高根区温度和两者交叉作用共4组处理。结果表明,相较于对照和高气温,高根区温度以及交叉处理叶片最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))降低更明显;与对照相比,高根区温度以及高气温与高根区温度交叉处理下光系统II(PSII)实际光化学效率Y(II)显著降低,非调节能量耗散的量子产量Y(NPQ)及QA氧化还原状态(1–qP)值显著上升。同时,高根区温度以及高气温与高根区温度交叉处理显著增加了J点的可变荧光(V_(j)),而用于电子传递的量子产额(φ_(Eo))及性能指数(PI_(ABS))显著降低。此外,高根区温度以及高气温与高根区温度交叉处理下单位面积有活性的反应中心数目(RC/CS_(m))也显著下降,K点相对可变荧光(W_(k))明显上升。综上所述,高根区温度是高气温与根区高温交叉胁迫的主导因子,PSII受体侧是主要的伤害位点,高气温加剧了高根区温度对PSII造成的伤害。

Site selection of self-driving and recreational vehicle camps in China:An investigation using analytic hierarchy process and entropy

Self-driving and recreational vehicle(RV)camps are a new form of industry module with the integration of transportation and tourism in China,thus the scientific and reasonable site selection plays an important role in the success of camps’construction and operation.In terms of relying resources and development factors,camps can be divided into five categories:scenic-spot-based,transportation-based,environment-based,project-based and leisure and vacation-based.According to whether it is of excludability and competitiveness,the camps in China mainly embody the attribute of private products.Based on the combination of subjective evaluation and objective calculation,the evaluation model of spatial site selection is constructed and the weight of each index is calculated by using analytic hierarchy process(AHP)method and entropy coefficient method.The results show that traffic condition factor is the priority to the selection of campsite,and whether it is on the popular main self-driving route and the grade of trunk roads are the dominant indices.The second factor taken into consideration is the social factors,in which government policy supports and land cost play a key role.The third factor is the market,in which the urban economic level,partnership with the government and tourist resource conditionsare of great importance.The fourth factor of the campsite selection includes natural elements,in which the quality of ecological environment and water source conditions are mostly considered.In the future,it is suggested that a camp pattern of"public goods"plus"private goods"should be built and the construction of camps in underdeveloped areas should be highly developed so as to form camp spatial network from individual points to a series of campsite and finally the campsite group in China will be set up.

All-SiC Fiber-Optic Sensor Based on Direct Wafer Bonding for High Temperature Pressure Sensing

This paper presents an all-SiC fiber-optic Fabry-Perot(FP)pressure sensor based on the hydrophilic direct bonding technology for the applications in the harsh environment.The operating principle,fabrication,interface characteristics,and pressure response test of the proposed all-SiC pressure sensor are discussed.The FP cavity is formed by hermetically direct bonding of two-layer SiC wafers,including a thinned SiC diaphragm and a SiC wafer with an etched cavity.White light interference is used for the detection and demodulation of the sensor pressure signals.Experimental results demonstrate the sensing capabilities for the pressure range up to 800 kPa.The all-SiC structure without any intermediate layer can avoid the sensor failure caused by the thermal expansion coefficient mismatch and therefore has a great potential for pressure measurement in high temperature environments.

A Novel Readout System for Wireless Passive Pressure Sensors

This paper presents a novel readout system for wireless passive pressure sensors based on the inductively coupled inductor and cavity （LC） resonant circuits. The proposed system consists of a reader antenna inductively coupled to the sensor circuit, a readout circuit, and a personal computer （PC） post processing unit. The readout circuit generates a voltage signal representing the sensor＇s capacitance. The frequency of the reader antenna driving signal is a constant, which is equal to the sensor＇s resonant frequency at zero pressure. Based on mechanical and electrical modeling, the pressure sensor design based on the high temperature co-fired ceramic （HTCC） technology is conducted and discussed. The functionality and accuracy of the readout system are tested with a voltage-capacitance measurement system and demonstrated in a realistic pressure measurement environment, so that the overall performance and the feasibility of the readout system are proved.

年龄相关性黄斑变性的研究进展

年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)又称为老年性黄斑变性,是一种与年龄相关,视功能不可逆性损伤的致盲性眼病。近年来,随着我国老龄化现象日益严重,AMD的患病率不断上升;加之,AMD当前的抗新生血管疗法和光动力疗法属于被动治疗,缺乏预防治疗手段,其疗效的持久性也欠佳。因此,本文中笔者对AMD的病因、发病机制及治疗的基础理论研究进展进行综述,旨在为AMD的预防、治疗及改善预后提供参考。

Refined analysis and prediction of natural gas consumption in China

In view of the abrupt and phased features of natural gas consumption,this paper attempts to predict natural gas consumption in China with a refined forecasting approach.First,we establish a Markov switching(MS)model to identify the phase characteristics after eliminating change points in the natural gas consumption sequence,using the product partition model(PPM).The results show that there are"rapid growth"and"slow growth"regimes in the development process of natural gas consumption in China.Second,the Bayesian model average(BMA)method is employed to determine the core determinants of natural gas consumption under sub-regimes,and it is determined that there are significant differences in the influencing factors under different regimes and periods.Third,this paper establishes the BMA model of the"rapid growth"regime after predicting the state of future natural gas consumption in China.We find that,compared to some other models,the BMA model that fully recognizes the regime without considering change points has the best predictive performance.Finally,the results of static and dynamic scenario analyses show that natural gas consumption continues to rise in 2019 and has obvious seasonal charac-teristics,while possible ultra-rapid growth of consumption in the future provides a new requirement for the supply of natural gas.

The primary dolostone in the Meso-Neoproterozoic:Cases study on platforms in China

Meso-Neoproterozoic dolostone is abnormally well-developed in the platform areas in China,detailly,in the Mesoproterozoic Calymmian Wumishan Formation of North China Basin,Neoproterozoic Ediacaran Qigbulak Formation of Tarim Basin,and the Neoproterozoic Ediacaran Dengying Formation of Sichuan Basin.The outcrops and drilling cores from these basins show that these dolostones are mostly thick-bedded to massive,with mud-sized to silt-sized crystalline dolostone reaching 86%-97%of the total dolostone thickness.These dolostones basically suffered no secondary metasomatism,regardless of containing microorganisms(such as algae and bacteria)or not.The analyses of sedimentary palaeogeographic features indicate that:(1)the Meso-Neoproterozoic dolostone nearly covered the entire area basins,and was widely deposited in supratidal to intertidal zones,as well as in open platform environments;(2)the dolostone was subdivided according to the crystalline size,with the distribution controlled by geomorphology,i.e.,the pure mud-sized crystalline dolostone developing in depression areas,whereas the grainy mud-sized crystalline dolostone or the mound stromatolitic mud-sized crystalline dolostone developing in uplift areas;(3)deep-water basins developed between the carbonate platforms,and the seismic profiles show that these basins were formed by syngenetic deep faults in the Meso-Neoproterozoic strata.These syngenetic faults increased Mg^(2+)concentration in the seawater by injecting rich-Mg2+-bearing hydrothermal fluids into the carbonate platforms.The analyses of geochemical and paleoclimatic indexes reveal that there is no obvious difference in carbon and oxygen isotope ratios between dolostones having different textures,with the ratios similar to those of the global seawater of the Meso-Neoproterozoic,indicating that the silt-sized crystalline dolostone has the same sedimentary origin as the mud-sized crystalline dolostone,i.e.,the former is from authigenic recrystallization of the latter rather than secondary metasomatism.Therefore,whatever the crystalline sizes are,the dolostones are all originated from sedimentation.All the petrological,sedimentary and geochemical data suggest that the dolostones covering almost the whole Meso-Neoproterozoic typical platform areas of China are of relatively primary sedimentary origin.

nhibition of Pim2-prolonged skin allograft surviva through the apoptosis regulation pathway

Recently, apoptosis has been considered to be an important regulator for allograft survival. The serine/threonine kinase Pim2 has been implicated in many apoptotic pathways. In a previous study, we found that pim2was highly expressed in CD4＋ T cells in an allograft model. Here, we further investigated the effects of Pim2 on allograft survival and the underlying mechanisms associated with apoptosis. The results showed that pim2 was overexpressed in grafts and spleens, particularly in spleen CD4＋ T cells when acute allorejection occurred, and correlated positively with the extent of rejection. In T cells from the spleens of naive BALB/c mice treated with 5 pM 4a （a specific inhibitor of Pim2） for 24 h, the apoptosis rate increased and the phosphorylation of BAD was decreased. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of CD4＋ T cells treated with 4a in vitroto allografted severe combined immunodeficiency （SCID） mice effectively prolonged allograft survival from 19.5± 1.7 days to 31 ±2.3 days. Moreover, the results demonstrated that the CD4＋CD25- effector T-cell subset was the predominate expresser of the pim2 gene as compared with the CD4＋CD25＋ regulatory T （Treg） cell subset. AIIoantigen-induced CD4＋CD25＋ T cells displayed less Foxp3 expression and a low suppression of apoptosis compared with effector CD4＋CD25- T cells treated with 4a. Collectively, these data revealed that Pim2 facilitated allograft rejection primarily by modulating the apoptosis of effector T cells and the function of Treg cells. These data suggested that Pim2 may be an important target for in vivoanti-rejection therapies and for the ex vivoexpansion of CD4＋CD25＋ T cells.

Impact of grazing on germination trait selection in an alpine grassland on the Tibet Plateau

Previous studies indicated that grazing can cause significant changes in abiotic and biotic environment in grassland.However,how these changes impact germination trait selection in grassland has not been well studied.Thus,we aimed to explore whether grazing can significantly change germination trait diversity and composition of grasslands community.We measured the germination traits of species in the laboratory,and compared their performance in grazed and nongrazed grasslands.Then,we compared the community-weighted means of germination traits and functional diversity of grazed and nongrazed grasslands based on these germination traits to know whether grazed and nongrazed grasslands differed in their germination trait structures.At the species level,we found that the changes of abundance in grazed and nongrazed grasslands were not related to species’germination traits.However,at the community level,compared with nongrazed grasslands,species in the grazed grasslands generally exhibited a higher seed germination percentage.Moreover,seed germination response in grazed grasslands was more positively related to alternating temperature than in nongrazed grasslands,and breadth of the germination temperature niche was narrower in grazed than in nongrazed grasslands.Compared with nongrazed grasslands,seed germination trait diversity was increased and germination trait evenness decreased in grazed grasslands.Grazing can change microhabitat conditions,thereby changing germination trait selection by environmental filtering,resulting in a significant difference in germinate trait composition at the community level.

Early detection of joint degeneration in the subtalar and talonavicular joints secondary to ankle instability in a mouse model

Background:Many patients with ankle sprain have secondary subtalar and talonavicular injuries,which have a great impact on their life and body.Purpose::This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical impact of ankle instability on the subtalar joint(STJ)and talonavicular joint(TNJ)using a mouse model to enhance the clinical understanding of early stage secondary joint degeneration.Methods:Twenty four 8-week old male C57BL/6 J mice were randomly allocated to three groups.Both the calcaneofibular ligament(CFL)and anterior talofibular ligament(ATFL)of the left ankle were cut off in the CFLþATFL group to simulate severe ankle instability while only the CFL was excised in the CFL group to mimic moderate ankle instability.No operation was done in SHAM group to simulate the normal ankle.Then histological analysis,atomic force microscopy(AFM)–based nanoindentation tests and inspection by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)were used to assess the degree of joint degeneration in the tibiotalar joint(TTJ),STJ and TNJ of three groups.Results:A significant increase of histological score for both CFL and CFLþATFL group was demonstrated in the TTJ,compared with the SHAM group.While in the STJ and TNJ,the histological score only increased for CFLþATFL group.AFM-based nanoindentation results demonstrated significant differences in elastic modulus between all groups in the TTJ,while for the STJ and TNJ,only the comparison between the CFLþATFL group and SHAM group was considered statistically significant.The SEM presented signs of cracking and disintegration within the subchondral bone(SCB)interface in the CFLþATFL group only.Conclusions:The findings indicate that severe ankle instability resulted in early degeneration of the STJ and TNJ in a mouse model,which may provide referential values for clinical practice.