BACKGROUND Coats disease is an idiopathic exudative outer retinopathy caused by abnormalretinal vascular development.AIM To evaluate the long-term outcomes of intravitreal conbercept injection with laserphotocoagulati...BACKGROUND Coats disease is an idiopathic exudative outer retinopathy caused by abnormalretinal vascular development.AIM To evaluate the long-term outcomes of intravitreal conbercept injection with laserphotocoagulation as a treatment for Coats disease in adults.METHODS This retrospective case series study included patients diagnosed with Coatsdisease and treated with intravitreal conbercept injection and 532-nm laserphotocoagulation at the Ophthalmology Department of Shenzhen People’sHospital between January 2016 and January 2017. Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA) measurements, noncontact tonometry, ophthalmoscopy, fundusphotography, fundus fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomographywere performed before treatment and at 1 wk, 1 mo, 3 mo, 6 mo, 9 mo, 12 mo, 24mo and 36 mo after therapy. Best-corrected visual acuity was measured using theearly treatment of diabetic retinopathy study chart.RESULTS The study included eight eyes of 8 patients (7 men) aged 36.10 ± 6.65 years. Theaverage BCVA of the affected eye before treatment was 51.17 ± 15.15 letters(range, 28–70 letters), and the average central macular thickness was 303.30 ±107.87 μm (range, 221–673 μm). Four eyes were injected once, three were injectedtwice, and one was injected three times. Average follow-up duration was 37.33 ±2.26 mo. Average BCVA of the affected eye was 51.17 ± 15.15 letters before treatment and was increased by 13.50 ± 3.20, 16.25 ± 7.73, 18.25 ± 8.96, 18.03 ± 5.27,18.63 ± 3.35, 19.75 ± 6.96, 18.05 ± 5.36 and 17.88 ± 3.45 letters at 1 wk, 1 mo, 3 mo, 6mo, 9 mo, 12 mo, 24 mo and 36 mo after treatment, respectively (P < 0.01). Thepatients showed varying degrees of subretinal fluid resorption after treatment.None of the patients had serious complications such as increased intraocularpressure, development/progression of cataracts, endophthalmitis or retinaldetachment.CONCLUSION Intravitreal injection of conbercept combined with 532-nm laser photocoagulationmay be a feasible treatment for Coats disease in adult patients.展开更多
Smartcombination of manifold carbonaceous materials with admirable functionalities(like full of pores/functional groups,high specific surface area) is still a mainstream/preferential way to address knotty issues of po...Smartcombination of manifold carbonaceous materials with admirable functionalities(like full of pores/functional groups,high specific surface area) is still a mainstream/preferential way to address knotty issues of polysulfides dissolution/shuttling and poor electrical conductivity for S-based cathodes.However,extensive use of conductive carbon fillers in cell designs/technology would induce electrolytic overconsumption and thereby shelve high-energy-density promise of Li-S cells.To cut down carbon usage,we propose the incorporation of multi-functionalized NiFe2O4 quantum dots(QDs) as affordable additive substitutes.The total carbon content can be greatly curtailed from 26%(in traditional S/C cathodes) to a low/commercial mass ratio(~5%).Particularly,note that NiFe2O4 QDs additives own superb chemisorption interactions with soluble Li2Sn molecules and proper catalytic features facilitating polysulfide phase conversions and can also strengthen charge-transfer capability/redox kinetics of overall cathode systems.Benefiting from these intrinsic properties,such hybrid cathodes demonstrate prominent rate behaviors(decent capacity retention with ~526 mAh g^-1 even at 5 A g^-1) and stable cyclic performance in LiNO3-free electrolytes(only ~0.08% capacity decay per cycle in 500 cycles at 0.2 A g^-1).This work may arouse tremendous research interest in seeking other alternative QDs and offer an economical/more applicable methodology to construct low-carbon-content electrodes for practical usage.展开更多
Thanks to the significantly higher energy density compared with universal commercialized Li-ion batteries,lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries are being investigated for use in prospective energy storage devices.However,th...Thanks to the significantly higher energy density compared with universal commercialized Li-ion batteries,lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries are being investigated for use in prospective energy storage devices.However,the inadequate electrochemical kinetics of reactants and intermediates hinder commercial utilization.This limitation results in substantial capacity degradation and short battery lifespans,thereby impeding the battery's power export.Meanwhile,the capacity attenuation induced by the undesirable shuttle effect further hinders their industrialization.Considerable effort has been invested in developing electrocatalysts to fix lithium polysulfides and boost their conversion effectively.In the conventional process,the planar electrodes are prepared by slurry-casting,which limits the electron and ion transfer paths,especially when the thickness of the electrodes is relatively large.Compared with traditional manufacturing methods,direct ink writing(DIW)technology offers unique advantages in both geometry shaping and rapid prototyping,and even complex three-dimensional structures with high sulfur loading.Hence,this review presents a detailed description of the current developments in terms of Li–S batteries in DIW of metal-based electrocatalysts.A thorough exploration of the behavior chemistry of electrocatalysis is provided,and the adhibition of metal-based catalysts used for Li–S batteries is summarized from the aspect of material usage and performance enhancement.Then,the working principle of DIW technology and the requirements of used inks are presented,with a detailed focus on the latest advancements in DIW of metal-based catalysts in Li–S battery systems.Their challenges and prospects are discussed to guide their future development.展开更多
Background::Since 2019,a novel coronavirus named 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)has emerged worldwide.Apart from fever and respiratory complications,acute kidney injury has been observed in a few patients with coron...Background::Since 2019,a novel coronavirus named 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)has emerged worldwide.Apart from fever and respiratory complications,acute kidney injury has been observed in a few patients with coronavirus disease 2019.Furthermore,according to recent findings,the virus has been detected in urine.Angiotensin-converting enzyme II(ACE2)has been proposed to serve as the receptor for the entry of 2019-nCoV,which is the same as that for the severe acute respiratory syndrome.This study aimed to investigate the possible cause of kidney damage and the potential route of 2019-nCoV infection in the urinary system.Methods::We used both published kidney and bladder cell atlas data and new independent kidney single-cell RNA sequencing data generated in-house to evaluate ACE2 gene expression in all cell types in healthy kidneys and bladders.The Pearson correlation coefficients between ACE2 and all other genes were first generated.Then,genes with r values larger than 0.1 and P values smaller than 0.01 were deemed significant co-expression genes with ACE2.Results::Our results showed the enriched expression of ACE2 in all subtypes of proximal tubule(PT)cells of the kidney.ACE2 expression was found in 5.12%,5.80%,and 14.38%of the proximal convoluted tubule cells,PT cells,and proximal straight tubule cells,respectively,in three published kidney cell atlas datasets.In addition,ACE2 expression was also confirmed in 12.05%,6.80%,and 10.20%of cells of the proximal convoluted tubule,PT,and proximal straight tubule,respectively,in our own two healthy kidney samples.For the analysis of public data from three bladder samples,ACE2 expression was low but detectable in bladder epithelial cells.Only 0.25%and 1.28%of intermediate cells and umbrella cells,respectively,had ACE2 expression.Conclusion::This study has provided bioinformatics evidence of the potential route of 2019-nCoV infection in the urinary system.展开更多
Background:Ischemic acute kidney injury(AKI)is a common syndrome associated with considerable mortality and healthcare costs.Up to now,the underlying pathogenesis of ischemic AKI remains incompletely understood,and sp...Background:Ischemic acute kidney injury(AKI)is a common syndrome associated with considerable mortality and healthcare costs.Up to now,the underlying pathogenesis of ischemic AKI remains incompletely understood,and specific strategies for early diagnosis and treatment of ischemic AKI are still lacking.Here,this study aimed to define the transcriptomic landscape of AKI patients through single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)analysis in kidneys.Methods:In this study,scRNA-seq technology was applied to kidneys from two ischemic AKI patients,and three human public scRNA-seq datasets were collected as controls.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and cell clusters of kidneys were determined.Gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis,as well as the ligand-receptor interaction between cells,were performed.We also validated several DEGs expression in kidneys from human ischemic AKI and ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury induced AKI mice through immunohistochemistry staining.Results:15 distinct cell clusters were determined in kidney from subjects of ischemic AKI and control.The injured proximal tubules(PT)displayed a proapoptotic and proinflammatory phenotype.PT cells of ischemic AKI had up-regulation of novel pro-apoptotic genes including USP47,RASSF4,EBAG9,IER3,SASH1,SEPTIN7,and NUB1,which have not been reported in ischemic AKI previously.Several hub genes were validated in kidneys from human AKI and renal I/R injury mice,respectively.Furthermore,PT highly expressed DEGs enriched in endoplasmic reticulum stress,autophagy,and retinoic acid-inducible gene I(RIG-I)signaling.DEGs overexpressed in other tubular cells were primarily enriched in nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor signaling,estrogen signaling,interleukin(IL)-12 signaling,and IL-17 signaling.Overexpressed genes in kidney-resident immune cells including macrophages,natural killer T(NKT)cells,monocytes,and dendritic cells were associated with leukocyte activation,chemotaxis,cell adhesion,and complement activation.In addition,the ligand-receptor interactions analysis revealed prominent communications between macrophages and monocytes with other cells in the process of ischemic AKI.Conclusion:Together,this study reveals distinct cell-specific transcriptomic atlas of kidney in ischemic AKI patients,altered signaling pathways,and potential cell-cell crosstalk in the development of AKI.These data reveal new insights into the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies in ischemic AKI.展开更多
After decades of development,China has made significant progress in ensuring national food security.However,the country currently faces multiple challenges,including the double burden of malnutrition,i.e.,micronutrien...After decades of development,China has made significant progress in ensuring national food security.However,the country currently faces multiple challenges,including the double burden of malnutrition,i.e.,micronutrient deficiencies and overweight/obesity,climate change,resource stress and environmental degradation,and an increasingly complex global market.This paper reviews past developments in food and agriculture,and offers initial insights into transforming the Chinese food system for achieving multiple national development goals using a systems approach.Strategies and solutions from China can also inform the design and implementation of food system transformation in other emerging economies.展开更多
Although fluorination has been proved effective to modulate optoelectronic properties and film morphology,knowledge of managing power conversion efficiency(PCE)and energy loss(Eloss)of organic photovoltaics(OPVs)by se...Although fluorination has been proved effective to modulate optoelectronic properties and film morphology,knowledge of managing power conversion efficiency(PCE)and energy loss(Eloss)of organic photovoltaics(OPVs)by selective fluorination on the donor and/or acceptor is lacking.Herein we designed and synthesized three 1,2,3-benzotriazole(BTA)-based linear polymers(PE45,PE46 and PE47)with different numbers of fluorine atom substitution on the conjugated phenyl side chain.Two classic non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs)Y5(without fluorination)and Y6(with fluorination)were utilized to manage the device efficiency and energy loss.The results revealed that increasing fluorine substitutions on polymer donor improved the OPV efficiencies when the fluorinated Y6 was used as the acceptor,whereas decreased the PCEs when the non-fluorinated Y5 was used as the acceptor.The energy loss declined with the growing fluorine substitutions on polymer donor,and Y5 systems gave the lower values in comparison with the corresponding Y6 cases.It turns out that PE47:Y6 achieved the highest PCE of 15.58%with an open-circuit voltage(VOC)of 0.84 V(Eloss=0.56 e V)due to the highest and balanced hole/electron mobilities,suppressed bimolecular recombination and fibril network morphology,which is the highest value in the BTA-based polymers.Furthermore,PE47:Y5 attained an ultralow non-radiative energy loss of 0.15 e V,which is one of the lowest values among the reported OPVs.Our work could not only give a direct path on how to manage the efficiency and energy loss by selective fluorination on donor and acceptor,but also show a deep understanding on charge generation,transport and collection induced by selective fluorination.展开更多
Many previous studies have shown that the molecular structures of oligothiophene derivatives including molecular skeleton and alkyl chains have a significant effect on their self-assemblies on the surface.In this work...Many previous studies have shown that the molecular structures of oligothiophene derivatives including molecular skeleton and alkyl chains have a significant effect on their self-assemblies on the surface.In this work, a series of linear oligothiophene derivatives(DCV-n T-Hex, n = 3~11) modified with terminal dicyanovinyls and alkyl chains were adopted to further investigate the different assembly behaviors at liquid-solid interface by scanning tunneling microscopy(STM). Interestingly, via the hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions, DCV-3T-Hex formed zigzag and flower structures while DCV-n T-Hex(n = 4~11) formed lamellar structures. Density functional theory(DFT) calculations show that for the most energetically favorable configurations of DCV-n T-Hex, the different distribution of alkyl chains affected intermolecular interactions, and ultimately led to the different assembled structures. The zigzag and flower structures of DCV-3T-Hex had preferential thermodynamic stability compared to other structures of DCV-n T-Hex(n = 4~11). In addition, self-assembled nanostructures of DCV-n T-Hex molecules with even numbers(n = 4, 6, 8, 10) were overall more stable than those with odd numbers(n = 5, 7, 9,11), and the stability of the self-assembled structure was weakened with the extension of the molecular backbone, individually. The orientation of molecular alkyl chains was found to greatly affect the intermolecular interactions and thus leading to various self-assembly structures of DCV-n T-Hex(n = 3~11).展开更多
The interaction between organic photoelectric molecules leads to the formation of a certain aggregation structure,which plays a pivotal role in the charge transport at the intermolecular interface.In view of this,we i...The interaction between organic photoelectric molecules leads to the formation of a certain aggregation structure,which plays a pivotal role in the charge transport at the intermolecular interface.In view of this,we investigated the mechanism and law of intermolecular interaction by detecting the self-assembled behaviors between organic photoelectric molecules at the interface by scanning tunneling microscopy(STM).In this work,the structural transformations of tetraphenylethylene acids(H_(4)ETTCs)on graphite surface induced by temperature and triazine derivatives(zcy-19,zcy-27,and zcy-38 molecules)were studied by STM technology and density functional theory(DFT)calculations.At room temperature,zcy-19 and H_(4)ETTC molecules formed a small range of ordered co-assembled nanostructure,while for zcy-27 or zcy-38 molecules,no co-assembled nanostructures were observed and only their own self-assembled structures existed on graphite surface,individually.In the thermal annealing trials,the original co-assembled H_(4)ETTC/zcy-19 structure disappeared,and only zcy-19 and H_(4)ETTC self-assembled in separate domains.Nevertheless,new well-ordered H_(4)ETTC/zcy-27 or H_(4)ETTC/zcy-38 co-assembled structures appeared at different annealing temperatures,respectively.Combined with DFT calculations,we further analyzed the mechanism of such structural transformations by triazine derivatives and temperature.Results reveal that triazine derivatives could interact with H_(4)ETTC by N–H···O and O–H···N hydrogen bondings,and whether temperature or zcy series compounds could achieve successful regulation of H_(4)ETTC assembly behavior is closely associated with the conjugated skeleton length of zcy series compounds.展开更多
Excessive application of mineral fertilizers and synthetic pesticides poses a substantial threat to the soil and water environment and food security.Organic fertilizer and biopesticides have gradually become essential...Excessive application of mineral fertilizers and synthetic pesticides poses a substantial threat to the soil and water environment and food security.Organic fertilizer and biopesticides have gradually become essential technology for reducing mineral fertilizer and pesticide inputs.In the process,the technical environment is critical for promoting farmer behavior related to the adoption of organic fertilizer and biopesticides.This paper analyzes the influence of the technical environment on farmer behavior related to the adoption of organic fertilizer and biopesticides based on a survey of 1282 farmers in Heilongjiang Province,China,using the bivariate probit model.The results indicate that(1)farmer behavior related to the adoption applying organic fertilizer and biopesticides were positively correlated;(2)the technical environment had a significant positive impact on farmer behavior related to the adoption of organic fertilizer and biopesticides;and(3)the technical environment had a heterogeneous effect across different groups of farmers.This research provides insights useful for promoting organic fertilizer and biopesticides to farmers.It can be helpful to bundle relevant environmental technologies,conduct technology training for farmers and strengthen the construction of rural information networks.展开更多
The global food systems face significant interrelated and complex challenges,including climate change,extreme weather events,natural resource depletion,biodiversity loss,emerging plant and animal diseases,conflict and...The global food systems face significant interrelated and complex challenges,including climate change,extreme weather events,natural resource depletion,biodiversity loss,emerging plant and animal diseases,conflict and trade shocks.The number of global populations that lacked access to adequate food sharply increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.It is estimated that in 2021,about 702 million to 828 million people around the world suffer from hunger,with an increase of 150 million people alone due to the outbreak of the global COVID19 pandemic[1].Reduced incomes,food price inflations and continued supply chain disruptions will lead to even more severe and widespread increases in global food insecurity if urgent action is not taken,affecting vulnerable households in almost every country.展开更多
As a new type of nanomaterial,carbon dots(CDs)have been recognized as a versatile nanoplatform with enormous potential for biomedical and optoelectronic applications because of low cytotoxicity,photostability,biocompa...As a new type of nanomaterial,carbon dots(CDs)have been recognized as a versatile nanoplatform with enormous potential for biomedical and optoelectronic applications because of low cytotoxicity,photostability,biocompatibility and versatility in addition to their tunable photoluminescence.In this review,we aim at updating the latest research on preparation,optoelectronic and chemical properties of CDs as well as their biomedical and optoelectronic applications.We highlight the applications of CDs for stem cell imaging,cell nucleus imaging,two-photon fluorescence imaging,tumor diagnosis and therapy and their optoelectronic applications including light-emitting diodes(LEDs),solar cells and electrocatalysis.Furthermore,we also discuss current challenges and breakthroughs on machine-learning-driven synthesis of CDs as well as nucleic acid detection with an eye towards the future.Finally,we hope that this review will give further impulses to target-oriented research on CDs for biomedical and optoelectronic applications.展开更多
In recent years, the construction of stable multicomponent assembled structures on surfaces and the exploration of the assembled mechanism have become research hotspots. In this paper, the azobenzene-carboxylic acid c...In recent years, the construction of stable multicomponent assembled structures on surfaces and the exploration of the assembled mechanism have become research hotspots. In this paper, the azobenzene-carboxylic acid called (E)-4’,4”’-(diazene-1,2-diyl) bis(([1,1’-biphenyl]-3,5-dicarboxylic acid)) (H4DBBD) could self-assemble into regular network structure at heptanoic acid/graphite via hydrogen bonding, and could be regulated into analogous kagomé network by coronene (COR) molecules. In addition, a series of bipyridine derivatives were further introduced to construct bi-component systems with H4DBBD molecules, and successfully induced diversified structural transitions of H4DBBD on the graphite surface. Combined with scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we have investigated the diversified structural transitions and analyzed the formation mechanism of the assembled systems.展开更多
In recent years,carbon dots(CDs),including carbon nanodots,carbonized polymer dots,carbon quantum dots,and graphene quantum dots have attracted a mounting interest as readily accessible,nontoxic,and relatively inexpen...In recent years,carbon dots(CDs),including carbon nanodots,carbonized polymer dots,carbon quantum dots,and graphene quantum dots have attracted a mounting interest as readily accessible,nontoxic,and relatively inexpensive carbon-based nanomaterials.Yet,despite intense research for a number of years,a unifying picture is still lacking to clarify the exact definition,clear chemical structure,and unique optical properties of this family of nanomaterials.In this review,we systematically summarize the recent development of CDs from molecular design to related properties of excited states as well as their applications in optoelectronic devices and biology.We point out the current challenges,including exploring precise synthesis,clarifying the structure-property relationship,and regulating singlet and triplet states of fluorescence,phosphorescence,and delayed fluorescence.Moreover,the structural optimization of optoelectronic devices,tumor targeting mechanism,selective imaging,and drug delivery of CDs are also highlighted.We hope that the information provided in this review will inspire more exciting research on CDs from a brand-new perspective and promote practical application of CDs in multiple directions of current and future research.展开更多
基金Supported by the Shenzhen Municipal Health and Family Planning System Research Project,No.SZFZ2017085.
文摘BACKGROUND Coats disease is an idiopathic exudative outer retinopathy caused by abnormalretinal vascular development.AIM To evaluate the long-term outcomes of intravitreal conbercept injection with laserphotocoagulation as a treatment for Coats disease in adults.METHODS This retrospective case series study included patients diagnosed with Coatsdisease and treated with intravitreal conbercept injection and 532-nm laserphotocoagulation at the Ophthalmology Department of Shenzhen People’sHospital between January 2016 and January 2017. Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA) measurements, noncontact tonometry, ophthalmoscopy, fundusphotography, fundus fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomographywere performed before treatment and at 1 wk, 1 mo, 3 mo, 6 mo, 9 mo, 12 mo, 24mo and 36 mo after therapy. Best-corrected visual acuity was measured using theearly treatment of diabetic retinopathy study chart.RESULTS The study included eight eyes of 8 patients (7 men) aged 36.10 ± 6.65 years. Theaverage BCVA of the affected eye before treatment was 51.17 ± 15.15 letters(range, 28–70 letters), and the average central macular thickness was 303.30 ±107.87 μm (range, 221–673 μm). Four eyes were injected once, three were injectedtwice, and one was injected three times. Average follow-up duration was 37.33 ±2.26 mo. Average BCVA of the affected eye was 51.17 ± 15.15 letters before treatment and was increased by 13.50 ± 3.20, 16.25 ± 7.73, 18.25 ± 8.96, 18.03 ± 5.27,18.63 ± 3.35, 19.75 ± 6.96, 18.05 ± 5.36 and 17.88 ± 3.45 letters at 1 wk, 1 mo, 3 mo, 6mo, 9 mo, 12 mo, 24 mo and 36 mo after treatment, respectively (P < 0.01). Thepatients showed varying degrees of subretinal fluid resorption after treatment.None of the patients had serious complications such as increased intraocularpressure, development/progression of cataracts, endophthalmitis or retinaldetachment.CONCLUSION Intravitreal injection of conbercept combined with 532-nm laser photocoagulationmay be a feasible treatment for Coats disease in adult patients.
基金financial supports from National Natural Science Foundation of China (51802269 and 21773138)Chongqing Natural Science Foundation (cstc2018jcyjAX0624)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (XDJK2019AA002)Venture & Innovation Support Program for Chongqing overseas returnees (cx2018027)。
文摘Smartcombination of manifold carbonaceous materials with admirable functionalities(like full of pores/functional groups,high specific surface area) is still a mainstream/preferential way to address knotty issues of polysulfides dissolution/shuttling and poor electrical conductivity for S-based cathodes.However,extensive use of conductive carbon fillers in cell designs/technology would induce electrolytic overconsumption and thereby shelve high-energy-density promise of Li-S cells.To cut down carbon usage,we propose the incorporation of multi-functionalized NiFe2O4 quantum dots(QDs) as affordable additive substitutes.The total carbon content can be greatly curtailed from 26%(in traditional S/C cathodes) to a low/commercial mass ratio(~5%).Particularly,note that NiFe2O4 QDs additives own superb chemisorption interactions with soluble Li2Sn molecules and proper catalytic features facilitating polysulfide phase conversions and can also strengthen charge-transfer capability/redox kinetics of overall cathode systems.Benefiting from these intrinsic properties,such hybrid cathodes demonstrate prominent rate behaviors(decent capacity retention with ~526 mAh g^-1 even at 5 A g^-1) and stable cyclic performance in LiNO3-free electrolytes(only ~0.08% capacity decay per cycle in 500 cycles at 0.2 A g^-1).This work may arouse tremendous research interest in seeking other alternative QDs and offer an economical/more applicable methodology to construct low-carbon-content electrodes for practical usage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51902265,No.21905059,and No.22279103)the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFE0121000)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,the fellowship of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M722596)the key research and development project of Shaanxi Province(2023-YBGY-302)the Innovation Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University(No.CX2021122).
文摘Thanks to the significantly higher energy density compared with universal commercialized Li-ion batteries,lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries are being investigated for use in prospective energy storage devices.However,the inadequate electrochemical kinetics of reactants and intermediates hinder commercial utilization.This limitation results in substantial capacity degradation and short battery lifespans,thereby impeding the battery's power export.Meanwhile,the capacity attenuation induced by the undesirable shuttle effect further hinders their industrialization.Considerable effort has been invested in developing electrocatalysts to fix lithium polysulfides and boost their conversion effectively.In the conventional process,the planar electrodes are prepared by slurry-casting,which limits the electron and ion transfer paths,especially when the thickness of the electrodes is relatively large.Compared with traditional manufacturing methods,direct ink writing(DIW)technology offers unique advantages in both geometry shaping and rapid prototyping,and even complex three-dimensional structures with high sulfur loading.Hence,this review presents a detailed description of the current developments in terms of Li–S batteries in DIW of metal-based electrocatalysts.A thorough exploration of the behavior chemistry of electrocatalysis is provided,and the adhibition of metal-based catalysts used for Li–S batteries is summarized from the aspect of material usage and performance enhancement.Then,the working principle of DIW technology and the requirements of used inks are presented,with a detailed focus on the latest advancements in DIW of metal-based catalysts in Li–S battery systems.Their challenges and prospects are discussed to guide their future development.
基金the Project of Health Commission of Hunan Province(No.C2019184)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81800641).
文摘Background::Since 2019,a novel coronavirus named 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)has emerged worldwide.Apart from fever and respiratory complications,acute kidney injury has been observed in a few patients with coronavirus disease 2019.Furthermore,according to recent findings,the virus has been detected in urine.Angiotensin-converting enzyme II(ACE2)has been proposed to serve as the receptor for the entry of 2019-nCoV,which is the same as that for the severe acute respiratory syndrome.This study aimed to investigate the possible cause of kidney damage and the potential route of 2019-nCoV infection in the urinary system.Methods::We used both published kidney and bladder cell atlas data and new independent kidney single-cell RNA sequencing data generated in-house to evaluate ACE2 gene expression in all cell types in healthy kidneys and bladders.The Pearson correlation coefficients between ACE2 and all other genes were first generated.Then,genes with r values larger than 0.1 and P values smaller than 0.01 were deemed significant co-expression genes with ACE2.Results::Our results showed the enriched expression of ACE2 in all subtypes of proximal tubule(PT)cells of the kidney.ACE2 expression was found in 5.12%,5.80%,and 14.38%of the proximal convoluted tubule cells,PT cells,and proximal straight tubule cells,respectively,in three published kidney cell atlas datasets.In addition,ACE2 expression was also confirmed in 12.05%,6.80%,and 10.20%of cells of the proximal convoluted tubule,PT,and proximal straight tubule,respectively,in our own two healthy kidney samples.For the analysis of public data from three bladder samples,ACE2 expression was low but detectable in bladder epithelial cells.Only 0.25%and 1.28%of intermediate cells and umbrella cells,respectively,had ACE2 expression.Conclusion::This study has provided bioinformatics evidence of the potential route of 2019-nCoV infection in the urinary system.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFC2005000)Key Research and Development Program of Hunan province(No.2020WK2008)+3 种基金science and technology innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2020RC5002)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Nos.2022JJ30070,2021JJ31130 and 2021JJ31057)Project of Health Commission of Hunan Province(Nos.A202303050036 and 202104101009)"Yiluqihang Shenmingyuanyang"medical development and Scientific Research Fund project on Kidney Diseases(No.SMYY20220301001)
文摘Background:Ischemic acute kidney injury(AKI)is a common syndrome associated with considerable mortality and healthcare costs.Up to now,the underlying pathogenesis of ischemic AKI remains incompletely understood,and specific strategies for early diagnosis and treatment of ischemic AKI are still lacking.Here,this study aimed to define the transcriptomic landscape of AKI patients through single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)analysis in kidneys.Methods:In this study,scRNA-seq technology was applied to kidneys from two ischemic AKI patients,and three human public scRNA-seq datasets were collected as controls.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and cell clusters of kidneys were determined.Gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis,as well as the ligand-receptor interaction between cells,were performed.We also validated several DEGs expression in kidneys from human ischemic AKI and ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury induced AKI mice through immunohistochemistry staining.Results:15 distinct cell clusters were determined in kidney from subjects of ischemic AKI and control.The injured proximal tubules(PT)displayed a proapoptotic and proinflammatory phenotype.PT cells of ischemic AKI had up-regulation of novel pro-apoptotic genes including USP47,RASSF4,EBAG9,IER3,SASH1,SEPTIN7,and NUB1,which have not been reported in ischemic AKI previously.Several hub genes were validated in kidneys from human AKI and renal I/R injury mice,respectively.Furthermore,PT highly expressed DEGs enriched in endoplasmic reticulum stress,autophagy,and retinoic acid-inducible gene I(RIG-I)signaling.DEGs overexpressed in other tubular cells were primarily enriched in nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor signaling,estrogen signaling,interleukin(IL)-12 signaling,and IL-17 signaling.Overexpressed genes in kidney-resident immune cells including macrophages,natural killer T(NKT)cells,monocytes,and dendritic cells were associated with leukocyte activation,chemotaxis,cell adhesion,and complement activation.In addition,the ligand-receptor interactions analysis revealed prominent communications between macrophages and monocytes with other cells in the process of ischemic AKI.Conclusion:Together,this study reveals distinct cell-specific transcriptomic atlas of kidney in ischemic AKI patients,altered signaling pathways,and potential cell-cell crosstalk in the development of AKI.These data reveal new insights into the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies in ischemic AKI.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72061147002,72103188)the National Social Science Foundation of China(22&ZD085)+1 种基金the Chinese Academy of Engineering(2022-HZ-07)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University。
文摘After decades of development,China has made significant progress in ensuring national food security.However,the country currently faces multiple challenges,including the double burden of malnutrition,i.e.,micronutrient deficiencies and overweight/obesity,climate change,resource stress and environmental degradation,and an increasingly complex global market.This paper reviews past developments in food and agriculture,and offers initial insights into transforming the Chinese food system for achieving multiple national development goals using a systems approach.Strategies and solutions from China can also inform the design and implementation of food system transformation in other emerging economies.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB36000000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21875052,51873044,52073067,21773041,21972031)。
文摘Although fluorination has been proved effective to modulate optoelectronic properties and film morphology,knowledge of managing power conversion efficiency(PCE)and energy loss(Eloss)of organic photovoltaics(OPVs)by selective fluorination on the donor and/or acceptor is lacking.Herein we designed and synthesized three 1,2,3-benzotriazole(BTA)-based linear polymers(PE45,PE46 and PE47)with different numbers of fluorine atom substitution on the conjugated phenyl side chain.Two classic non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs)Y5(without fluorination)and Y6(with fluorination)were utilized to manage the device efficiency and energy loss.The results revealed that increasing fluorine substitutions on polymer donor improved the OPV efficiencies when the fluorinated Y6 was used as the acceptor,whereas decreased the PCEs when the non-fluorinated Y5 was used as the acceptor.The energy loss declined with the growing fluorine substitutions on polymer donor,and Y5 systems gave the lower values in comparison with the corresponding Y6 cases.It turns out that PE47:Y6 achieved the highest PCE of 15.58%with an open-circuit voltage(VOC)of 0.84 V(Eloss=0.56 e V)due to the highest and balanced hole/electron mobilities,suppressed bimolecular recombination and fibril network morphology,which is the highest value in the BTA-based polymers.Furthermore,PE47:Y5 attained an ultralow non-radiative energy loss of 0.15 e V,which is one of the lowest values among the reported OPVs.Our work could not only give a direct path on how to manage the efficiency and energy loss by selective fluorination on donor and acceptor,but also show a deep understanding on charge generation,transport and collection induced by selective fluorination.
基金financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2017YFA0205000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21972031)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDB36000000)。
文摘Many previous studies have shown that the molecular structures of oligothiophene derivatives including molecular skeleton and alkyl chains have a significant effect on their self-assemblies on the surface.In this work, a series of linear oligothiophene derivatives(DCV-n T-Hex, n = 3~11) modified with terminal dicyanovinyls and alkyl chains were adopted to further investigate the different assembly behaviors at liquid-solid interface by scanning tunneling microscopy(STM). Interestingly, via the hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions, DCV-3T-Hex formed zigzag and flower structures while DCV-n T-Hex(n = 4~11) formed lamellar structures. Density functional theory(DFT) calculations show that for the most energetically favorable configurations of DCV-n T-Hex, the different distribution of alkyl chains affected intermolecular interactions, and ultimately led to the different assembled structures. The zigzag and flower structures of DCV-3T-Hex had preferential thermodynamic stability compared to other structures of DCV-n T-Hex(n = 4~11). In addition, self-assembled nanostructures of DCV-n T-Hex molecules with even numbers(n = 4, 6, 8, 10) were overall more stable than those with odd numbers(n = 5, 7, 9,11), and the stability of the self-assembled structure was weakened with the extension of the molecular backbone, individually. The orientation of molecular alkyl chains was found to greatly affect the intermolecular interactions and thus leading to various self-assembly structures of DCV-n T-Hex(n = 3~11).
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22272039 and 21972031)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB36000000)the Jilin Chinese Academy of Sciences-Yanshen Technology Co.,Ltd.
文摘The interaction between organic photoelectric molecules leads to the formation of a certain aggregation structure,which plays a pivotal role in the charge transport at the intermolecular interface.In view of this,we investigated the mechanism and law of intermolecular interaction by detecting the self-assembled behaviors between organic photoelectric molecules at the interface by scanning tunneling microscopy(STM).In this work,the structural transformations of tetraphenylethylene acids(H_(4)ETTCs)on graphite surface induced by temperature and triazine derivatives(zcy-19,zcy-27,and zcy-38 molecules)were studied by STM technology and density functional theory(DFT)calculations.At room temperature,zcy-19 and H_(4)ETTC molecules formed a small range of ordered co-assembled nanostructure,while for zcy-27 or zcy-38 molecules,no co-assembled nanostructures were observed and only their own self-assembled structures existed on graphite surface,individually.In the thermal annealing trials,the original co-assembled H_(4)ETTC/zcy-19 structure disappeared,and only zcy-19 and H_(4)ETTC self-assembled in separate domains.Nevertheless,new well-ordered H_(4)ETTC/zcy-27 or H_(4)ETTC/zcy-38 co-assembled structures appeared at different annealing temperatures,respectively.Combined with DFT calculations,we further analyzed the mechanism of such structural transformations by triazine derivatives and temperature.Results reveal that triazine derivatives could interact with H_(4)ETTC by N–H···O and O–H···N hydrogen bondings,and whether temperature or zcy series compounds could achieve successful regulation of H_(4)ETTC assembly behavior is closely associated with the conjugated skeleton length of zcy series compounds.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72103188,72061147002,71974220)the Social Science Foundation of Beijing(21JCC100)+1 种基金the National Social Science Foundation of China(18ZDA074)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University.
文摘Excessive application of mineral fertilizers and synthetic pesticides poses a substantial threat to the soil and water environment and food security.Organic fertilizer and biopesticides have gradually become essential technology for reducing mineral fertilizer and pesticide inputs.In the process,the technical environment is critical for promoting farmer behavior related to the adoption of organic fertilizer and biopesticides.This paper analyzes the influence of the technical environment on farmer behavior related to the adoption of organic fertilizer and biopesticides based on a survey of 1282 farmers in Heilongjiang Province,China,using the bivariate probit model.The results indicate that(1)farmer behavior related to the adoption applying organic fertilizer and biopesticides were positively correlated;(2)the technical environment had a significant positive impact on farmer behavior related to the adoption of organic fertilizer and biopesticides;and(3)the technical environment had a heterogeneous effect across different groups of farmers.This research provides insights useful for promoting organic fertilizer and biopesticides to farmers.It can be helpful to bundle relevant environmental technologies,conduct technology training for farmers and strengthen the construction of rural information networks.
文摘The global food systems face significant interrelated and complex challenges,including climate change,extreme weather events,natural resource depletion,biodiversity loss,emerging plant and animal diseases,conflict and trade shocks.The number of global populations that lacked access to adequate food sharply increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.It is estimated that in 2021,about 702 million to 828 million people around the world suffer from hunger,with an increase of 150 million people alone due to the outbreak of the global COVID19 pandemic[1].Reduced incomes,food price inflations and continued supply chain disruptions will lead to even more severe and widespread increases in global food insecurity if urgent action is not taken,affecting vulnerable households in almost every country.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 21573019,21872010)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2020NTST11)We also acknowledge the support from Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals and Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry,Ministry of Education.
文摘As a new type of nanomaterial,carbon dots(CDs)have been recognized as a versatile nanoplatform with enormous potential for biomedical and optoelectronic applications because of low cytotoxicity,photostability,biocompatibility and versatility in addition to their tunable photoluminescence.In this review,we aim at updating the latest research on preparation,optoelectronic and chemical properties of CDs as well as their biomedical and optoelectronic applications.We highlight the applications of CDs for stem cell imaging,cell nucleus imaging,two-photon fluorescence imaging,tumor diagnosis and therapy and their optoelectronic applications including light-emitting diodes(LEDs),solar cells and electrocatalysis.Furthermore,we also discuss current challenges and breakthroughs on machine-learning-driven synthesis of CDs as well as nucleic acid detection with an eye towards the future.Finally,we hope that this review will give further impulses to target-oriented research on CDs for biomedical and optoelectronic applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21972031)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB36000000)Jilin Chinese Academy of Sciences-Yanshen Technology Co.,Ltd.
文摘In recent years, the construction of stable multicomponent assembled structures on surfaces and the exploration of the assembled mechanism have become research hotspots. In this paper, the azobenzene-carboxylic acid called (E)-4’,4”’-(diazene-1,2-diyl) bis(([1,1’-biphenyl]-3,5-dicarboxylic acid)) (H4DBBD) could self-assemble into regular network structure at heptanoic acid/graphite via hydrogen bonding, and could be regulated into analogous kagomé network by coronene (COR) molecules. In addition, a series of bipyridine derivatives were further introduced to construct bi-component systems with H4DBBD molecules, and successfully induced diversified structural transitions of H4DBBD on the graphite surface. Combined with scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we have investigated the diversified structural transitions and analyzed the formation mechanism of the assembled systems.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:21573019,21872010National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2019YFE0112200FundamentalResearch Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:2020NTST11。
文摘In recent years,carbon dots(CDs),including carbon nanodots,carbonized polymer dots,carbon quantum dots,and graphene quantum dots have attracted a mounting interest as readily accessible,nontoxic,and relatively inexpensive carbon-based nanomaterials.Yet,despite intense research for a number of years,a unifying picture is still lacking to clarify the exact definition,clear chemical structure,and unique optical properties of this family of nanomaterials.In this review,we systematically summarize the recent development of CDs from molecular design to related properties of excited states as well as their applications in optoelectronic devices and biology.We point out the current challenges,including exploring precise synthesis,clarifying the structure-property relationship,and regulating singlet and triplet states of fluorescence,phosphorescence,and delayed fluorescence.Moreover,the structural optimization of optoelectronic devices,tumor targeting mechanism,selective imaging,and drug delivery of CDs are also highlighted.We hope that the information provided in this review will inspire more exciting research on CDs from a brand-new perspective and promote practical application of CDs in multiple directions of current and future research.
