Effect of low concentration electrolytes on the formation and corrosion resistance of PEO coatings on AM50 magnesium alloy

In this paper,the formation process,morphology,and electrochemical performance of PEO coatings on AM50 magnesium alloy prepared in low concentration phosphate,aluminate,and phosphate-aluminate electrolytes were systematically studied.The results show that the coatings prepared from the phosphate electrolytes have a higher thickness and better corrosion resistance properties compared to the other electrolytes.The coatings prepared from low concentration phosphate-aluminate mixed electrolytes have slightly thinner thickness,a similar coating structure and an order of magnitude lower value of electrochemical impedance compared with phosphate electrolyte coatings.The Coatings prepared from low concentration aluminate electrolytes have the lowest thickness and the worst corrosion resistance properties which gets close to corrosion behavior of the bare AM50 under the same test conditions.Considering application,coatings prepared from single low concentration phosphate electrolytes and low concentration phosphate-aluminate electrolytes have greater potential than single low concentration aluminate coatings.However,reducing the electrolyte concentrations of coating forming ions too much has negative influence on the coating growth rate.

GIPC1 promotes tumor growth and migration in gastric cancer via activating PDGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling

The high mortality rate associated with gastric cancer(GC)has resulted in an urgent need to identify novel therapeutic targets for GC.This study aimed to investigate whether GAIP interacting protein,C terminus 1(GIPC1)represents a therapeutic target and its regulating mechanism in GC.GIPC1 expression was elevated in GC tissues,liver metastasis tissues,and lymph node metastases.GIPC1 knockdown or GIPC1 blocking peptide blocked the platelet-derived growth factor receptor(PDGFR)/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,and inhibited the proliferation and migration of GC cells.Conversely,GIPC1 overexpression markedly activated the PDGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,and promoted GC cell proliferation and migration.Furthermore,platelet-derived growth factor subunit BB(PDGF-BB)cytokines and the AKT inhibitor attenuated the effect of differential GIPC1 expression.Moreover,GIPC1 silencing decreased tumor growth and migration in BALB/c nude mice,while GIPC1 overexpression had contrasting effects.Taken together,our findings suggest that GIPC1 functions as an oncogene in GC and plays a central role in regulating cell proliferation and migration via the PDGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Distinguish Rare Dual Left Anterior Descending Artery with Anomalous Origins in Asymptomatic Patients

To the Editor Congenital coronary artery anomalies(CAAs)are characterized by abnormalities in the origins,course,or termination of the three main epicardial coronary arteries[1,2].These anomalies can result in a spectrum of clinical manifestations,from chest pain and angina to more severe conditions such as microcirculation disorders,heart failure,or even sudden cardiac death.Among CAAs,the duplication of the left anterior descending artery(LAD)is particularly rare and usually misdiagnosed[3].

Effect of dietary supplement of inactivated Lactobacillus plantarum Ep-M 17 on growth performance,immune response,disease resistance,and intestinal microbiota in Penaeus vannamei

Our previous study found that feeding with Lactobacillus plantarum Ep-M17 could effectively affect the growth performance,immune response,and gut microbiota of Penaeus vannamei.However,high temperature and pressure during feed pelletizing is the main problem that can lead to a decrease in the activity of probiotics or cause their inactivation.Further investigation needs to investigate whether inactivated Ep-M17 can exert similar effects as live Ep-M17.Therefore,we evaluated the effects of inactivated L.plantarum Ep-M17 on growth performance,immune response,disease resistance,and gut microbiota in P.vannamei.Results show that adding inactivated Ep-M17 to the feed also promoted body weight gain and increased relative immune protection in shrimp.Also,histological examination revealed that the administration of inactivated Ep-M17 led to improvements in the density and distribution of microvilli in the intestines and enhancements in the abundance of B and R cells in the hepatopancreas.Additionally,the inactivated Ep-M17 supplementation resulted in increased activity levels of nutrient immune-related enzymes in both the shrimp hepatopancreas and intestines.Moreover,it stimulated the expression of Lvlec,PEN-3a,Crustin,LGBP,Lysozyme,and proPo genes in both the hepatopancreas and intestines.Furthermore,the inactivated Ep-M17 also increased bacterial diversity in the gut of shrimp and promoted the abundance of specific flora,facilitating the host organism’s metabolism and immunity to improve the disease resistance of shrimp.Therefore,supplementation of inactivated L.plantarum Ep-M17 in shrimp diets can exert similar effects as live L.plantarum Ep-M17 effectively improving growth performance,gut microbiota,immune response,and disease resistance in P.vannamei.

Characteristics of long-distance mobile mRNAs from shoot to root in grafted plant species

Thousands of long-distance mobile mRNAs were identified from different grafting systems,based on high-throughput sequencing technology.Moreover,the long-distance delivery of RNAs was proved to involve multiple mechanisms.Here,we analyzed the homology,motif,and tRNA-like structure(TLS)of long-distance mobile mRNAs identified by RNA-seq as well as the RNA-binding protein(RBP)in nine grafting combinations including Arabidopsis thaliana,Vitis vinifera,Cucumis sativus,Citrullus lanatus,Nicotiana benthamiana,Malus domestica,Pyrus spp.,Glycine max and Phaseolus vulgaris.Although several mRNAs were found to be shared in herbaceous,woody,and related species,the vast majority of long-distance mobile mRNAs were species-specific.Four non-specific movement-related motifs were identified,while the TLS was not necessary for mRNA long distance mobility.In addition,we found that RBPs were conserved among herbaceous and woody plants as well as related species.This paper reports a further in-depth analysis of the endogenous mechanisms by which the species-specific transportable m RNAs were selected by bioinformatics,in order to provide insights for future research on long-distance mobile mRNAs.

ERF4 affects fruit ripening by acting as a JAZ interactor between ethylene and jasmonic acid hormone signaling pathways

The regulation of apple(Malus domestica)fruit texture during ripening is complex and a fundamental determinant of its commercial quality.In climacteric fruit,ripening-related processes are regulated by ethylene(ET),and jasmonate(JA)is also involved in the ethylene biosynthesis pathway,mainly through the transcription factor MYC2.However,the molecular genetic mechanism for fruit ripening processes between the JA and ET signaling pathways still needs to be elucidated.In order to explore how JA regulates apple fruit ripening through ERF4,we used’Gala’and’Ralls Janet’fruit at different developmental stages as experimental materials to determine the fruit firmness and related gene expression analysis.Meanwhile,we carried out different hormone treatments on’Gala’fruit at ripening stage.Here,we show that ERF4 is a core JA signaling hub protein JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN(JAZ)interactor that affects ethylene signaling pathways.During fruit development,ERF4 represses the expression of ACS1 and ACO1 by interacting with JAZ,as well as with the JA-activated transcription factor MYC2.Ripening is promoted in JAZ-suppressed apples.Thus,ERF4 acts as a molecular link between ethylene and JA hormone signals,and the natural variation of the ERF4Ethylene-responsive binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression(EAR)motif decreases repression of ethylene biosynthesis genes.

Difference in formation of plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings on MgLi alloy in comparison with pure Mg

In order to study the substrate lattice structure(Li addition)on the growth of plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)coatings,Mg Li alloy(11.36 wt.%of Li,cubic)and pure Mg(hexagonal)were treated under a pulsed direct PEO mode in a phosphate electrolyte for different periods of time.The results revealed that the presence of Li and Li-rich phases in the cubic Mg alloy seems to be essential for the treatment result rather than the original lattice structure.A modified discharge behavior of Mg Li alloy finally led to a different microstructure of the coating.The unstable coatings of Mg Li alloy tended to dissolve rapidly though shared the similar composition to that of pure Mg.Li was incorporated only in the primary conversion products at the interface of coating/Mg Li.In spite of the advanced efficiency of energy input during processing,the more porous and thinner PEO coatings on the Mg Li alloy were less resistant to abrasion and corrosion.

Comparison between fluctuation of floating potential gradient and velocity of blob structure on HL-2A tokamak

Several results based on the Langmuir probes’data on the HL-2A tokamak are presented.The blob structures’radial and poloidal drift velocities,estimated by the gradient of floating potential and by time delay evaluation,are compared in different line-averaged density and electron cyclotron resonance heating conditions.A positive correlation is observed in the comparison between blobs’radial velocity estimated by the two methods mentioned above,regardless of the situation differences mentioned above.Correlation is also observed in the comparison between the blobs’poloidal velocity estimated by the two methods in different situations,while a shift due to the different line-averaged density is observed.These results imply that the radial gradient of floating potential may have some value as a reference during data analysis in low-parameter discharge.

Effects of ion-exchange on the pervaporation performance and microstructure of NaY zeolite membrane

Pervaporation performance of NaY zeolite membranes is improved by ion-exchange with di-valent nitrate salt.Different nitrate salts,including Co(NO_(3))_(2),Mg(NO_(3))_(2),Zn(NO_(3))_(2),Ca(NO_(3))_(2),Cu(NO_(3))_(2),KNO_(3),and AgNO_(3),have great effects on the channel structure and water affinity of the NaY zeolite membrane.When the concentration of nitrate salt,ion-exchange temperature and time are 0.1 mol·L^(-1),50℃and 2 h,the ion-exchange degree order of NaY zeolites is Ag^(+)>K^(+)>Ca^(2+)>Zn^(2+)>>Co^(2+)>Mg^(2+).Especially,Ag^(+)and K^(+)cation exchange degree of NaY zeolites are achieved to 96.54% and 82.77% in this work.BET surface,total pore capacity,pore size distribution and water contact angle of the ion-exchanged NaY zeolites are all disordered by mono-and di-valent cations.Di-valent nitrate salt is favor for increasing the dehydration performance of NaY zeolite membranes by ion-exchange.When the ion-exchange solution is Zn(NO_(3))_(2),the total flux variation and separation factor variation of the NaY membrane(M-5)are -45% and 230% for separation of 10%(mass)H_(2)O/EtOH mixture by pervaporation,and the ion-exchanged membranes showed good reproducibility.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of the IPT family members in nine Rosaceae species and a functional analysis of MdIPT5b in cold resistance

Cytokinins are members of a group of phytohormones involved in various growth and developmental processes in plants.Isopentenyl transferase(IPT)is the rate-limiting enzyme in catalyzing the biosynthesis of cytokinins.In this study,to understand the role of IPT family in cold resistance,78 IPT candidates were identified and characterized in nine Rosaceae genomes.The expansion of IPT families in the Rosaceae primarily occurred through segmental duplication rather than tandem duplication.In general,purifying selection controlled the evolution of IPT families in the Rosaceae,with IPT3 and IPT5 homologs as the primary drivers of evolution.Cis-elements,which are involved in the responses to many environmental stresses or phytohormone signals,were identified in the promoters of MdIPT members.This was consistent with the trends of expression of the MdIPT genes in apple(Malus domestica)calli.MdIPT5b was also found to exhibit multiple responses to phytohormones and stress signals.The ectopic expression of MdIPT5b resulted in an increase in cold resistance in transformed apple calli and tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)plantlets.The redox balance was partially stabilized through the accumulation of proline under cold stress.However,the ascorbate–glutathione cycle cannot be stabilized in the cold.All physiological and biochemical assays are preformed in spectrophotometer.These results showed that regulating the expression of IPT genes for moderate cytokinin improvement could enhance the accumulation of proline to stabilize the osmotic and redox balances to improve resistance to cold stress.

Evolution of edge turbulent transport induced by L-mode detachment in the HL-2A tokamak

This paper presents the characteristics of L-mode detachment,together with the behavior of edge turbulent transport and plasma confinement on the HL-2A tokamak.Partially detached and pronounced detached states have been achieved in L-mode plasma.Stored energy was maintained before and after detachment.Edge turbulence and its transport have increased obviously in the partially detached state.In the pronounced detached state,redistribution of the density and temperature profiles due to detachment leads to low amplitude of electron temperature and pressure,as well as very weak edge turbulence and transport.Despite strong plasma radiation in the pronounced detached state,reduced edge turbulent transport contributes to maintaining stored energy in detached L-mode plasma in HL-2A.Different detachment states play an important role in the redistribution of density and temperature profiles,which requires further study.

Niche differentiation shapes the bacterial diversity and composition of apple

Microorganisms play an important role in plant growth,health and ecological function.It is necessary to explore the microbial community because of the significant ecological and economic value of apples(Malus x domestica).However,the related bacterial communities in different ecological habitats are not clear in the unique scion/rootstock combinations of apples.In this study,the Illumina Miseq platform was used to analyze the bacterial communities in different niches(bulk soil,rhizosphere soil and roots)of two scion/rootstock combinations[Fuji/Malus xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang(Mx)and Fuji/Malus baccata(L.)Borkh.(Mb)].The relationship between the microbial community,soil properties,and plant characters was explored.The results showed that the diversity of the bacterial community decreased from bulk soil to rhizosphere soil and then to roots.In addition,at the phylum level,Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria and Acitinobacteria were dominant and had notable divergence in different ecological niches.Distinct niches had remarkable effects on the diversity and composition of the bacterial community according to PCoA.The rootstock genotype had an effect on the bacterial composition but no effect on the diversity.pH,soil organic matter(SOM),alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen(AN)were the main factor affecting the structure of bacterial community in rhizosphere soil,as shown by Pearson analysis.Bacteria taxa in the roots were affected by starch,fructose,sucrose and sorbitol.This study showed the microbial community structure in different ecological niches of different scion/rootstock combinations and provided some evidence for understanding the microbial-plant interaction of apple rootstocks.

Physicochemical, structural characterization, and antioxidant activities of chondroitin sulfate from Oreochromis niloticus bones

In this study,chondroitin sulfate was extracted from Oreochromis niloticus bones(OCS)and isolated to three fractions(OCS-1,OCS-2,and OCS-3).The physicochemical properties and structure characterization including monosaccharide,disaccharide compositions,molecular weight(Mw)of OCS were determined by HPAEC,HPLC-SAX,HPGPC,FT-IR spectra,and 1D/2D NMR.Moreover,their thermal properties,crystalline structure,and microstructure were also analyzed.Results showed that their Mw were between 10 kDa and 50 kDa.CS-6 was the predominant disaccharide unit in four OCS,and the CS-4/CS-6 ratios were close to CS from shark cartilage.Besides,the results of antioxidant activity showed that different fractions of OCS had a distinct DPPH radical,hydroxyl radical,and ABTS+radical scavenging activity.OCS-1 has the highest scavenging activities in DPPH and hydroxyl radical compared with other fractions,which showed a higher medicinal value.Those findings may lay some theoretical basis for the potential application development of OCS.

First Detailed Analysis of a Relatively Deep, Low Mass-ratio Contact Binary:ATO J108.6991+27.8306

We present the first detailed photometric analysis of ATO J108.6991+27.8306(hereinafter as J108).The shortperiod close binary J108 was observed by the Nanshan 1 m Wide Field Telescope of the Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory.The obtained BVRI-band light curves were used to determine the photometric solution by using the 2003 version of the Wilson-Devinney code.J108 is a typical deep(f>50%),low mass ratio(q<0.25)overcontact binary system with a mass ratio of q=0.1501 and a fill-out factor of f=50.1%,suggesting that it is in the late evolutionary stage of contact binary systems.We found the target to be a W-type W UMa binary and provided evidence for the presence of starspots on both components.From the temperature-luminosity diagram,the main component is the evolved main sequence star with an evolutionary age of about 7.94 Gyr.

基于流程管理的高校科研暂付款催收模式研究

随着科教兴国战略的不断推进和完善,高校科研经费持续增加、科研合作范围不断扩大,高校暂付款占流动资产比重不断攀升,严重影响了科研经费使用效率,如何催收暂付款成为高校财务管理工作中亟待解决的难题。本文以某重点T大学为背景,使用问卷调研法和专家访谈法,分析了现阶段高校科研经费暂付款的现状与成因,基于流程管理理论,优化了高校科研暂付款催收的流程,强化自动化催收节点,实现暂付款自动催收。研究有助于提高研究型大学科研暂付款的催收效率。

成都市新都区小学生近视流行病学研究

目的:调查成都市新都区小学生近视现状,分析本地区小学生近视的流行病学特点及相关影响因素。方法:采用分层整群随机抽样调查的方法,抽取成都市新都区4所小学的一年级到六年级学生,每个年级3个班,分别进行眼科检查和问卷调查,用SPSS21.0软件进行统计分析。结果:共有3 324名学生参与本次调查,近视的学生1 124人,近视率33.81%。不同性别、不同年龄、不同年级、吃水果蔬菜和喝牛奶频次、父母监督和提醒学生用眼习惯频次、在家看书写字光线情况、每天连续家庭作业及看书时间、睡眠时间、每天课外活动时间、课间休息时去户外活动或做眼保健操频次、躺着看书或在晃动的车内看书频次、看书写字姿势以及父母双方患有近视情况的学生近视患病情况存在不同( P <0.05)。多因素回归分析发现:年级、性别、父母监督和提醒用眼习惯、在家看书写字的光线、每天连续家庭作业及看书时间、每天课外活动时间、躺着看书或在晃动的车内看书、看书写字姿势是否正确、父母近视情况均为近视的独立影响因素,其中父母监督和提醒用眼习惯为影响近视的保护因素,其余各指标均为危险因素。结论:青少年近视与环境、遗传等多种因素有关,应尽早采取相应措施,延缓其发生发展。

腕部桡动脉-头静脉内瘘通畅的影响因素研究

目的分析影响终末期肾脏疾病(ESRD)维持性血液透析患者自体动静脉瘘(AVF)通畅性的因素。方法选取2016年12月-2018年1月于中南大学湘雅医院肾内科行腕部桡动脉-头静脉标准内瘘手术ESRD患者195例。分析其人口统计学资料、临床资料、生化指标及术后应用抗凝治疗是否与AVF通畅相关。结果195例患者随访1年,8例患者失访,4例患者死亡,行肾移植手术者12例,29例患者出现术后并发症。AVF的1年生存率为91.6%。多因素Cox比例风险模型分析中,抗凝史[H^R=3.412(95%CI:1.225,9.503),P=0.019]是AVF通畅的影响因素。结论术后应用抗凝治疗会降低AVF的1年通畅率。

An early neuroprotective effect of atorvastatin against subarachnoid hemorrhage

Atorvastatin has been shown to reduce early brain edema and neuronal death after subarachnoid hemorrhage,but its mechanism is not clear.In this study,rat models of subarachnoid hemorrhage were established by autologous blood injection in the cisterna magna.Rat models were intragastrically administered 20 mg/kg atorvastatin 24 hours before subarachnoid hemorrhage,12 and 36 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Compared with the controls,atorvastatin treatment demonstrated that at 72 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage,neurological function had clearly improved;brain edema was remarkably relieved;cell apoptosis was markedly reduced in the cerebral cortex of rats;the number of autophagy-related protein Beclin-1-positive cells and the expression levels of Beclin-1 and LC3 were increased compared with subarachnoid hemorrhage only.The ultrastructural damage of neurons in the temporal lobe was also noticeably alleviated.The similarities between the effects of atorvastatin and rapamycin were seen in all the measured outcomes of subarachnoid hemorrhage.However,these were contrary to the results of 3-methyladenine injection,which inhibits the signaling pathway of autophagy.These findings indicate that atorvastatin plays an early neuroprotective role in subarachnoid hemorrhage by activating autophagy.The experimental protocol was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Anhui Medical University,China(904 Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA;approval No.YXLL-2017-09)on February 22,2017.

Aquaporin 4 deficiency eliminates the beneficial effects of voluntary exercise in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Regular exercise has been shown to reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Our previous study showed that the protein aquaporin 4(AQP4),which is specifically expressed on the paravascular processes of astrocytes,is necessary for glymphatic clearance of extracellular amyloid beta(Aβ)from the brain,which can delay the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.However,it is not known whether AQP4-regulated glymphatic clearance of extracellular Aβis involved in beneficial effects of exercise in AD patients.Our results showed that after 2 months of voluntary wheel exercise,APP/PS1 mice that were 3 months old at the start of the intervention exhibited a decrease in Aβburden,glial activation,perivascular AQP4 mislocalization,impaired glymphatic transport,synapse protein loss,and learning and memory defects compared with mice not subjected to the exercise intervention.In contrast,APP/PS1 mice that were 7 months old at the start of the intervention exhibited impaired AQP4 polarity and reduced glymphatic clearance of extracellular Aβ,and the above-mentioned impairments were not alleviated after the 2-month exercise intervention.Compared with age-matched APP/PS1 mice,AQP4 knockout APP/PS1 mice had more serious defects in glymphatic function,Aβplaque deposition,and cognitive impairment,which could not be alleviated after the exercise intervention.These findings suggest that AQP4-dependent glymphatic transport is the neurobiological basis for the beneficial effects of voluntary exercises that protect against the onset of AD.

Superior in vitro anticancer effect of biomimetic paclitaxel and triptolide co-delivery system in gastric cancer

As a well-known anticancer drug,paclitaxel(PTX),a first-line chemotherapeutic agent,remains unsatisfactory for gastric cancer therapy.It is reported that triptolide(TPL)could enhance the anti-gastric cancer effect of PTX.Considering the poor solubility of both drugs,we developed a red blood cell membrane-biomimetic nanosystem,an emerging tool in drug delivery,to co-load paclitaxel and triptolide(red blood cell membrane coated PTX and TPL co-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)[PLGA]nanoparticles,RP(P/T)).The successful preparation was confirmed in terms of particle size,morphology,and surface markers assays.This biomimetic system could prolong circulation and escape immune surveillance.And these properties were verified by stability,in vitro drug release,and cellular uptake assays.Moreover,the MTT and colony formation assays demonstrated the superior anti-proliferation effect of the RP(P/T)to free drugs.The enhanced antitumor effects of RP(P/T)on migration and invasion were also evaluated by wound-healing and transwell assays.Overall,the bionic co-delivery nanoplatform with improved efficacy in vitro is a promising therapy for gastric cancer.