Effects of Si/Al,Na/Al and H_(2)O/Na_(2)O molar ratios on formaldehyde barrier properties of inorganic aluminosilicate coatings

Wood-based panels containing urea-formaldehyde resin result in the long-term release of formaldehyde and threaten human health.In this study,inorganic aluminosilicate coatings prepared by combining metakaolin,silica fume,NaOH,and H_(2)O were applied to the surfaces of wood-based panels to obstruct formaldehyde release.The Si/Al,Na/Al,and H_(2)O/Na_(2)O molar ratios of the coatings were regulated to investigate their effects on the structure and formaldehyde-resistant barrier properties of coatings.Results showed that the cracks in the coatings gradually disappeared and the formaldehyde resistance rates of the barrier increased as the Si/Al molar ratio was increased from 1.6 to 2.2.This value also increased as the Na/Al molar ratio was increased from 0.9 to 1.2 because of the improvement of the degree of polymerization.As the H_(2)O/Na_(2)O molar ratio was increased from 12 to 15,the thickness of the dry film decreased gradually and led to the reduction in the formaldehyde resistance rate.When the Si/Al,Na/Al,and H_(2)O/Na_(2)O molar ratios were 2.2,1.2,and 12,respectively,the inorganic aluminosilicate coating showed good performance as a formaldehyde-resistant barrier and its formaldehyde resistance rate could reach up to 83.2%.

Concise Strategies to Enhance the High-Rate Performance of Li_(3)VO_(4) Anodes:Cl Doping,Carbon Coating,and Spherical Architecture Design

The safe operating voltage and low volume variation of Li_(3)VO_(4)(LVO)make it an ideal anode material for lithium(Li)-ion batteries.However,the insufficient understanding of the inner storage mechanism hinders the design of LVO-based electrodes.Herein,we investigate,for the first time,the Li-ion storage activity in LVO via Cl doping.Moreover,N-doped C coating was simultaneously achieved in the Cl doping process,resulting in synergistically improved reaction kinetics.As a result,the as-prepared Cl-doped Li_(3)VO_(4) coated with N-doped C(Cl-LVO@NC)electrodes deliver a discharge capacity of 884.1 mAh/g after 200 cycles at 0.2 A/g,which is the highest among all of the LVO-based electrodes.The Cl-LVO@NC electrodes also exhibit high-capacity retention of 331.1 mAh/g at 8.0 A/g and full capacity recovery after 5 periods of rate testing over 400 cycles.After 5000 cycles at 4.0 A/g,the discharge capacity can be maintained at 423.2 mAh/g,which is superior to most LVO-based electrodes.The Li-ion storage activity in LVO via Cl doping and significant improvement in the high-rate Li-ion storage reported in this work can be used as references for the design of advanced LVO-based electrodes for high-power applications.

Telomerase-related advances in hepatocellular carcinoma:A bibliometric and visual analysis

BACKGROUND As a critical early event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis,telomerase activation might be a promising and critical biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients,and its function in the genesis and treatment of HCC has gained much attention over the past two decades.AIM To perform a bibliometric analysis to systematically assess the current state of research on HCC-related telomerase.METHODS The Web of Science Core Collection and PubMed were systematically searched to retrieve publications pertaining to HCC/telomerase limited to“articles”and“reviews”published in English.A total of 873 relevant publications related to HCC and telomerase were identified.We employed the Bibliometrix package in R to extract and analyze the fundamental information of the publications,such as the trends in the publications,citation counts,most prolific or influential writers,and most popular journals;to screen for keywords occurring at high frequency;and to draw collaboration and cluster analysis charts on the basis of coauthorship and co-occurrences.VOSviewer was utilized to compile and visualize the bibliometric data.RESULTS A surge of 51 publications on HCC/telomerase research occurred in 2016,the most productive year from 1996 to 2023,accompanied by the peak citation count recorded in 2016.Up to December 2023,35226 citations were made to all publications,an average of 46.6 citations to each paper.The United States received the most citations(n=13531),followed by China(n=7427)and Japan(n=5754).In terms of national cooperation,China presented the highest centrality,its strongest bonds being to the United States and Japan.Among the 20 academic institutions with the most publications,ten came from China and the rest of Asia,though the University of Paris Cité,Public Assistance-Hospitals of Paris,and the National Institute of Health and Medical Research(INSERM)were the most prolific.As for individual contributions,Hisatomi H,Kaneko S,and Ide T were the three most prolific authors.Kaneko S ranked first by H-index,G-index,and overall publication count,while Zucman-Rossi J ranked first in citation count.The five most popular journals were the World Journal of Gastroenterology,Hepatology,Journal of Hepatology,Oncotarget,and Oncogene,while Nature Genetics,Hepatology,and Nature Reviews Disease Primers had the most citations.We extracted 2293 keywords from the publications,120 of which appeared more than ten times.The most frequent were HCC,telomerase and human telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT).Keywords such as mutational landscape,TERT promoter mutations,landscape,risk,and prognosis were among the most common issues in this field in the last three years and may be topics for research in the coming years.CONCLUSION Our bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of HCC/telomerase research and insights into promising upcoming research.

Risk factors for cognitive impairment in patients with chronic kidney disease

BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease(CKD)patients have been found to be at risk of concurrent cognitive dysfunction in previous studies,which has now become an important public health issue of widespread concern.AIM To investigate the risk factors for concurrent cognitive dysfunction in patients with CKD.METHODS This is a prospective cohort study conducted among patients with CKD between October 2021 and March 2023.A questionnaire was formulated by literature review and expert consultation and included questions about age,sex,education level,per capita monthly household income,marital status,living condition,payment method,and hypertension.RESULTS Logistic regression analysis showed that patients aged 60-79 years[odds ratio(OR)=1.561,P=0.015]and≥80 years(OR=1.760,P=0.013),participants with middle to high school education(OR=0.820,P=0.027),divorced or widowed individuals(OR=1.37,P=0.032),self-funded patients(OR=2.368,P=0.008),and patients with hypertension(OR=2.011,P=0.041)had a higher risk of cognitive impairment.The risk of cognitive impairment was lower for those with a college degree(OR=0.435,P=0.034)and married individuals.CONCLUSION The risk factors affecting cognitive dysfunction are age,60-79 years and≥80 years;education,primary school education or less;marital status,divorced or widowed;payment method,selffunded;hypertension;and CKD.

中国制造业物质生产率与价值生产率变化及收敛趋势研究——基于上市公司的经验证据

本文基于国泰安数据库以及手动收集的上市公司销售量数据,运用ACF方法测算了2011—2019年期间企业的物质全要素生产率(TFPQ)和价值全要素生产率(TFPR),比较了两者的变化趋势以及收敛情况。结果显示,整体、分地区、分行业的TFPR呈现先增长后下降的态势,而TFPQ基本表现出较平稳的增长,非国有企业和年轻企业TFPQ明显更大。制造业企业TFPR整体上存在绝对β收敛,且TFPR绝对β收敛的速度大于TFPQ。部分行业和地区的企业TFPQ不存在绝对β收敛但存在条件β收敛,行业、地区层面的企业TFPR基本都存在绝对β收敛。测算剔除价格因素的生产率TFPQ,并从行业、地区、企业性质等方面分别与TFPR对比分析,能对中国制造业技术效率变化进行更直观的审视,并有助于把握行业和地区间真实的全要素生产率水平的增长,为推动我国制造业高质量发展提供经验证据。

Existence Result for Fractional Klein-Gordon-Maxwell System with Quasicritical Potential Vanishing at Infinity

The following fractional Klein-Gordon-Maxwell system is studied (-Δ)p stands for the fractional Laplacian, ω > 0 is a constant, V is vanishing potential and K is a smooth function. Under some suitable conditions on K and f, we obtain a Palais-Smale sequence by using a weaker Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz condition and prove the ground state solution for this system by employing variational methods. In particular, this kind of problem is a vast range of applications and challenges.

Existence of Infinitely Many High Energy Solutions for a Fourth-Order Kirchhoff Type Elliptic Equation in R³

In this paper, we consider the following fourth-order equation of Kirchhoff type where a, b > 0 are constants, 3 < p < 5, V ∈ C (R3, R);Δ2: = Δ (Δ) is the biharmonic operator. By using Symmetric Mountain Pass Theorem and variational methods, we prove that the above equation admits infinitely many high energy solutions under some sufficient assumptions on V (x). We make some assumptions on the potential V (x) to solve the difficulty of lack of compactness of the Sobolev embedding. Our results improve some related results in the literature.

Multiple Solutions for a Class of Variable-Order Fractional Laplacian Equations with Concave-Convex Nonlinearity

This paper is concerned with the following variable-order fractional Laplacian equations , where N ≥ 1 and N > 2s(x,y) for (x,y) ∈ Ω × Ω, Ω is a bounded domain in RN, s(⋅) ∈ C (RN × RN, (0,1)), (-Δ)s(⋅) is the variable-order fractional Laplacian operator, λ, μ > 0 are two parameters, V: Ω → [0, ∞) is a continuous function, f ∈ C(Ω × R) and q ∈ C(Ω). Under some suitable conditions on f, we obtain two solutions for this problem by employing the mountain pass theorem and Ekeland’s variational principle. Our result generalizes the related ones in the literature.

特发性肺纤维化合并非小细胞肺癌的致病机制及潜在治疗药物研究进展

特发性肺纤维化(idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis,IPF)是病因不明的慢性进行性纤维化性间质性肺疾病,IPF也被认为是肺癌的独立风险因素之一,可增加7%-20%的LC发病风险。IPF合并LC,尤其是非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell LC,NSCLC)的发病率逐渐升高,但尚无统一的管理和治疗共识。IPF与NSCLC有着相似的病理特征,均在肺的周围区域出现,在IPF合并NSCLC的患者中,NSCLC往往从IPF的蜂窝区域发展而来,但IPF诱发NSCLC的机制仍不清楚。此外,IPF和NSCLC具有相似的遗传、分子和细胞过程以及常见的信号转导通路,靶向IPF和NSCLC共同的信号通路将成为IPF合并NSCLC的潜在治疗药物。本文就针对共同参与IPF和NSCLC的主要分子机制以及靶向这些信号通路的在研药物的研究进展进行综述。

Spatial prediction of landslide susceptibility using GIS-based statistical and machine learning models in Wanzhou County,Three Gorges Reservoir, China

Landslide susceptibility mapping is vital for landslide risk management and urban planning.In this study,we used three statistical models[frequency ratio,certainty factor and index of entropy(IOE)]and a machine learning model[random forest(RF)]for landslide susceptibility mapping in Wanzhou County,China.First,a landslide inventory map was prepared using earlier geotechnical investigation reports,aerial images,and field surveys.Then,the redundant factors were excluded from the initial fourteen landslide causal factors via factor correlation analysis.To determine the most effective causal factors,landslide susceptibility evaluations were performed based on four cases with different combinations of factors("cases").In the analysis,465(70%)landslide locations were randomly selected for model training,and 200(30%)landslide locations were selected for verification.The results showed that case 3 produced the best performance for the statistical models and that case 2 produced the best performance for the RF model.Finally,the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to verify the accuracy of each model's results for its respective optimal case.The ROC curve analysis showed that the machine learning model performed better than the other three models,and among the three statistical models,the IOE model with weight coefficients was superior.

Anti-anxiety effect of Valeriana jatamansi Jones extract via regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis

BACKGROUND： Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis dysfunction has been closely linked to anxiety. Previous studies have shown that Valeriana jatamansi Jones extract exhibits clear anxiolytic effects, but it is unclear about the mechanism underlying regulation of the HPA axis dysfunction in these anxiolytic effects. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of Valeriana jatamansi Jones （Zhizhu Xiang） extract on HPA axis function in a rat model of anxiety, and to compare these effects with positive control estazolam. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China, between February and September in 2006. MATERIALS： Estazolam was purchased from Shanghai Jiufu Pharmaceutical, China; Valeriana jatamansiJones was purchased from the Lotus Pond Market for Chinese Herbal Medicine in Chengdu. It consisted of iridoids and flavonoid components. METHODS： A total of 72 Sprague Dawley rats, aged 2 months, were randomly assigned to 6 groups low-, medium-, and high-dose Valerianajatamansi Jones groups intragastrically injected with 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 g/kg per day Valerianajatamansi Jones extract, respectively; estazolam group intragastrically injected with 1.5 mg/kg per day estazolam; model and normal groups administered 5 mL physiological saline. Anxiety was established in all groups, except the normal group, through the use of elevated plus-maze test at 7 days following drug administration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Blood β-endorphin and corticosterone levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay following treatment with ValerianajatamansiJones extract. Expressions of HPA axis-related genes were measured by cDNA microarray. RESULTS： Blood β-endorphin and corticosterone levels were significantly greater in the model group than in the normal group. Compared with the model group, levels decreased with Valeriana jatamansi Jones extract or estazolam treatment, particularly in the low-dose Valeriana jatamansi Jones group （P〈 0.01）. cDNA microarray results demonstrated that corticotropin-releasing hormone and Orexin, which are associated with HPA axis function, were differentially expressed; expression increased in the model group, but decreased in rats treated with Valerianajatamansi Jones extract. CONCLUSION： Valerianajatamansi Jones extract plays a role in regulating HPA axis function in a rat model of anxiety, and this effect was superior to estazolam.

Effects of CXCR7-neutralizing antibody on neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and cognitive function in the chronic phase of cerebral ischemia

Stromal cell-derived factor-1 and its receptor CXCR4 are essential regulators of the neurogenesis that occurs in the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus.However,the effects of CXCR7,a new atypical receptor of stromal cell-derived factor-1,on hippocampal neurogenesis after a stroke remain largely unknown.Our study is the first to investigate the effect of a CXCR7-neutralizing antibody on neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and the associated recovery of cognitive function of rats in the chronic stage of cerebral ischemia.The rats were randomly divided into sham,sham+anti-CXCR7,ischemia and ischemia+anti-CXCR7 groups.Endothelin-1 was injected in the ipsilateral motor cortex and striatum to induce focal cerebral ischemia.Sham group rats were injected with saline instead of endothelin-1 via intracranial injection.Both sham and ischemic rats were treated with intraventricular infusions of CXCR7-neutralizing antibodies for 6 days 1 week after surgery.Immunofluorescence staining with doublecortin,a marker for neuronal precursors,was performed to assess the neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus.We found that anti-CXCR7 antibody infusion enhanced the proliferation and dendritic development of doublecortin-labeled cells in the dentate gyrus in both ischemic and sham-operated rats.Spatial learning and memory functions were assessed by Morris water maze tests 30-32 days after ischemia.CXCR7-neutralizing antibody treatment significantly reduced the escape latency of the spatial navigation trial and increased the time spent in the target quadrant of spatial probe trial in animals that received ischemic insult,but not in sham operated rats.These results suggest that CXCR7-neutralizing antibody enhances the neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and improves the cognitive function after cerebral ischemia in rats.All animal experimental protocols and procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of China Medical University(CMU16089 R)on December 8,2016.

Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn Using Fermentative Solution of Streptomyces corchorusii Strain NF0919

A strain of Streptomyces corchorusii （NY0919） antagonistic to Rhizoctonia solani Ktthn was isolated, which produced alkyl glycoside with high antifungal activity. To investigate the antifungal activity of Streptomyces corchorusii strain NF0919, the treatments amended with the non-sterilized supernatant resulted in the highest growth inhibition rate of about 100% at a concentration of 20%. The antifungal compound, which inhibited the growth of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, was extracted by EtOAC and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column, and HPLC, where an active fraction was confirmed by LC-MS and NMR techniques. These results suggested that NF0919 had a high potential in the biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, which was mainly due to surface active agent APG.

C-X-C chemokine receptor type 7 antibody enhances neural plasticity after ischemic stroke

Stromal cell-derived factor-1 and its receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4) have been shown to regulate neural regeneration after stroke.Howeve r,whether stromal cell-derived factor-1 receptor CXCR7,which is widely distributed in the develo ping and adult central nervous system,participates in neural regeneration remains poorly unde rstood.In this study,we established rat models of focal cerebral ischemia by injecting endothelin-1 into the cerebral co rtex and striatum.Starting on day 7 after injury,CXCR7-neutralizing antibody was injected into the lateral ventricle using a micro drug delivery system for 6 consecutive days.Our results showed that CXCR7-neutralizing antibody increased the total length and number of sprouting co rticospinal tra ct fibers in rats with cerebral ischemia,increased the expression of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 and growth-related protein 43,marke rs of the denervated spinal cord synapses,and promoted the differentiation and maturation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the striatum.In addition,CXCR7 antibody increased the expression of CXCR4 in the striatum,increased the protein expression of RAS and ERK1/2 associated with the RAS/ERK signaling pathway,and im proved rat motor function.These findings suggest that CXCR7 improved neural functional recovery after ischemic stroke by promoting axonal regeneration,synaptogenesis,and myelin regeneration,which may be achieved by activation of CXCR4 and the RAS/ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

Experimental study of qishen yiqi drop pill combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on angiogenesis and cardiac function in mice with myocardial infarction

Objective:To investigate the effects ofQishengyiqi drop pill combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on angiogenesis and cardiac function in mice after myocardial infarction through in vitro cell molecular biology experiments.Methods:The animals used in this experiment were male mice with eGFP+/-.Sixty mice were randomly divided into three groups(n=20):myocardial infarction group(MI+PBS),myocardial infarction+mesenchyme plasma stem cell transplantation group(MI+MSCs)and myocardial infarction+Qishenyiqi drip pill combined with mesenchymal stem cell transplantation group(MI+MSCs+QSYQ).Qishenyiqi dripping pills were prepared into a medicinal solution with a concentration of 3.9 mg/mL with distilled water.The MI+MSCs+QSYQ group was orally administered with 0.1 mL/kg/day,and the other two groups were orally administered with an equal amount of normal saline.Mice in each group were adaptively fed continuously for 2 weeks,and the myocardial infarction model was established by ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery by thoracic ligation.Twenty-four hours after the model was established,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the tibia of the mice and injected intracardiacly Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were transplanted,and multiple injections were made around the myocardial infarction area of mice.The control group was injected with the same amount of PBS.0h,3 days,7 days,and 14 days after cell transplantation,observe the stem cell morphology under a microscope;on day 7 of cell transplantation,track the expression of eGFP-positive cells with a fluorescence microscope;before modeling,14 and 21 days after cell transplantation,use Cardiac function was measured by echocardiography.After 21 days of modeling,the mice were sacrificed,and heart samples were taken.The angiogenesis of the mice was observed by immunohistochemical staining and microvascular density determination.Results:The morphological growth of transplanted stem cells was proportional to the time of cell transplantation.Compared with MI+PBS group,CD90.2 and y6A were highly expressed on the surface of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in MI+MSCs group and MI+MSCs+QSYQ group,while CD31 and CD117 were almost not expressed.On the 21st day after stem cell transplantation,the values of LVDd and LVSD in MI+MSCs+QSYQ group were significantly lower than those in MI+PBS group and MI+MSCs group.At the same time,LVEF and LVFS increased significantly.The results of quantitative immunohistochemical analysis showed that the angiogenesis density in the MI+MSCs+QSYQ group increased significantly,and the difference between the groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Qishen Yiqi dripping pills combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can not only promote angiogenesis in mice with myocardial infarction,but also play a positive role in improving cardiac function.

Update on establishment of TCM animal model of myocardial ischemia and Chinese medicine treatment

The prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemia is a hot and difficult point in clinical research and animal experimental research in the cardiovascular field.The combined disease and syndrome animal model with the disease characteristics of Western medicine and guided by the theory of Chinese medicineto replicate the"syndrome"of Chinese medicine on the model animals by using experimental methods is an effective tool for the research of Chinese medicine.This article summarized the methoding methods and evaluation index of the animal model combined disease of coronary heart disease myocardial ischemia with cold blood stasis,phlegm and blood stasis,qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome,kidney deficiency and blood stasis,and concluded the treatment of Traditional Chinese medicine.At the same time,it analyzed the main deficiencies of myocardial ischemia syndrome combined with animal models to provide reference for the establishment and research of related animal models.

Research progress of long non-coding RNA in dilated cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM)is a type of composite cardiomyopathy characterized by left ventricular,right ventricular or double ventricular enlargement and diastolic dysfunction caused by genetic and non-genetic causes,with a high incidence,High mortality,gradual rejuvenation,etc.,are common types of cardiomyopathy.With the progressive development of the disease,it can cause arrhythmia,severe heart failure,thromboembolism,and even sudden death.Currently,there is no effective treatment plan,and the high mortality rate is a major problem in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.Long-chain non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are a class of RNAs with a molecular mass of more than 200 bt and which are not involved or rarely involved in protein coding.Studies have shown that lncRNAs play an important role in the occurrence and development of DCM.Finding relevant clinical diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets is the current research focus in the field of DCM.This article reviews the mechanism and research progress of lncRNAs in the occurrence and development of DCM,and aims to provide a new direction for the prevention and treatment of DCM.

High spindle and kinetochore-associated complex subunit-3 expression predicts poor prognosis and correlates with adverse immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND Spindle and kinetochore-associated complex subunit 3(SKA3)is a malignancyassociated gene that plays a critical role in the regulation of chromosome separation and cell division.However,the molecular mechanism through which SKA3 regulates tumor cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has not been fully elucidated.AIM To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of SKA3 in HCC.METHODS SKA3 expression,clinicopathological,and survival analyses were performed using multiple public database platforms,and the results were verified by Western blot and immunohistochemistry staining using collected clinical samples.Functional enrichment analyses were performed to evaluate the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of SKA3 in HCC.Furthermore,the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource and single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis(ssGSEA)algorithms were utilized to investigate the abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in HCC.The response to chemotherapeutic drugs was evaluated by the R package“pRRophetic”.RESULTS We found that upregulated SKA3 expression was significantly correlated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC.Multivariable Cox regression analysis indicated that SKA3 was an independent risk factor for survival.GSEA revealed that SKA3 expression may facilitate proliferation and migratory processes by regulating the cell cycle and DNA repair.Moreover,patients with high SKA3 expression had significantly decreased ratios of CD8+T cells,natural killer cells,and dendritic cells.Drug sensitivity analysis showed that the high SKA3 group was more sensitive to sorafenib,sunitinib,paclitaxel,doxorubicin,gemcitabine,and vx-680.CONCLUSION High SKA3 expression led to poor prognosis in patients with HCC by enhancing HCC proliferation and repressing immune cell infiltration surrounding HCC.SKA3 may be used as a biomarker for poor prognosis and as a therapeutic target in HCC.

Synthesis and optical properties of turquoise-and green-colored brownmilleritetype Ba_2In_(2-x-y)Mn_xAl_yO_(5+x) codoped with manganese and aluminum

Brownmillerite-type oxides Ba_2In_（2-x-y）Mn_xAl_yO_（5＋x）（0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6, 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5） were prepared at 1300°C through solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction（XRD） analysis showed that the structure symmetry evolved from orthorhombic to cubic with increasing Mn and Al contents. When y was greater than 0.3, peaks associated with small amounts of BaAl_2O_4 and Ba_2InAlO_5 impurities were observed in the XRD patterns. When substituted with a small amount of Mn（x ≤ 0.3）, the Ba_2In_（2-x-y）Mn_xAl_yO_（5＋x） samples exhibited an intense turquoise color. The color changed to green and dark-green with increasing Mn concentration. UV–vis absorbance spectra revealed that the color changed only slightly upon Al doping. The valence state of Mn ions in Ba_2In_（2-x-y）Mn_xAl_yO_（5＋x） was confirmed to be ＋5 on the basis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis. According to this analysis, the intense turquoise color of the Ba_2In_（2-x-y）Mn_xAl_yO_（5＋x） samples is rooted in the existence of Mn^（5＋）; thus, the introduction of Al does not affect the optical properties of the compounds.

Dynamic prediction of landslide life expectancy using ensemble system incorporating classical prediction models and machine learning

With the development of landslide monitoring system,many attempts have been made to predict landslide failure-time utilizing monitoring data of displacements.Classical models(e.g.,Verhulst,GM(1,1),and Saito models)that consider the characteristics of landslide displacement to determine the failuretime have been investigated extensively.In practice,monitoring is continuously implemented with monitoring data-set updated,meaning that the predicted landslide life expectancy(i.e.,the lag between the predicted failure-time and time node at each instant of conducting the prediction)should be re-evaluated with time.This manner is termed“dynamic prediction”.However,the performances of the classical models have not been discussed in the context of the dynamic prediction yet.In this study,such performances are investigated firstly,and disadvantages of the classical models are then reported,incorporating the monitoring data from four real landslides.Subsequently,a more qualified ensemble model is proposed,where the individual classical models are integrated by machine learning(ML)-based meta-model.To evaluate the quality of the models under the dynamic prediction,a novel indicator termed“discredit index(b)”is proposed,and a higher value of b indicates lower prediction quality.It is found that Verhulst and Saito models would produce predicted results with significantly higher b,while GM(1,1)model would indicate results with the highest mean absolute error.Meanwhile,the ensemble models are found to be more accurate and qualified than the classical models.Here,the performance of decision tree regression-based ensemble model is the best among the various ML-based ensemble models.