This study was designed to analyze the effect of the mitochondrial respiratory pathways of Candida albicans （C. albicans） on the biofilm formation. The 2, 3-bis （2-methoxy- 4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl）-2H-tetrazolium-5-...This study was designed to analyze the effect of the mitochondrial respiratory pathways of Candida albicans （C. albicans） on the biofilm formation. The 2, 3-bis （2-methoxy- 4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl）-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide （XTT） reduction assay was used to measure the metabolic activities of biofilms formed by the C. albicans which were cultured in the presence of respiratory pathways inhibitors. The biofilms formed by the wide type （WT）, GOA1-deleted （GOA31）, GOAl-reconstituted （GOA32）, AOXla-deleted （AOX1） and AOX1b- deleted （AOX2） C. albicans strains were examined by the XTT reduction assay and fluorescence microscopy. The expression of adhesion-related genes BCR1, ALS1, ALS3, ECEI and HWP1 in the biofilms formed by the above five C. albicans strains was detected by real time polymerase chain reaction. It was found that the metabolic activity of biofilms formed by C. albicans was decreased in the presence of alternative oxidase inhibitor whereas it was increased in the presence of classical mitochondrial respiratory pathway complex Ⅲ or complex IV inhibitor. AOX1 strain produced scarce biofilms interspersed with few hyphal filaments. Moreover, no significant changes in the expression of BCR1 and ALS3 were observed in the AOX 1 strain, but the expression of ALS1 and ECE1 was down-regulated, and that of HWP1 was up-regulated. These results indicate that both AOX1 and AOX2 can promote the biofilm formation. However, AOX1a primarily plays a regulatory role in biofilm formation in the absence of inducers where the promoting effect is mainly achieved by promoting mycelial formation.展开更多
The microstructure characteristics of TiNi alloy were investigated to elucidate the active deformation mechanisms during hot rolling and the corresponding tribology performance.The deformation was mainly dominated by ...The microstructure characteristics of TiNi alloy were investigated to elucidate the active deformation mechanisms during hot rolling and the corresponding tribology performance.The deformation was mainly dominated by a combination of mechanical twinning involving the {114}_(B2) and {112}_(B2) twins,dislocations,and stacking faults during the manufacturing process.Moreover,various heat treatments were performed to differentiate the discrepancies in tribological behaviors of hot-rolled and heattreated alloys.Hot-rolled microstructures with high defect density approximate to nanoscale precipitates through aging as the wear resistance of the alloy improves,albeit it is softer compared to the aged one.As demonstrated by the X-ray diffraction(XRD) results of the wear tracks,microstructures undergo the stress-induced martensitic(SIM) transformation during dry sliding.From differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) analysis,the martensitic transformation temperature is lowered by defects in the austenite phase.The activation of the SIM transformation can be a sluggish process owing to the effect of twinning,where both primary and secondary twins are involved.Furthermore,a reversible transformation that is related to pseudoelasticity causes a decrease in wear volume at room temperature,which is higher than the austenite finish temperature.Meanwhile,abrasive wear advances toward adhesion.Additionally,the hot-rolled sheet with y fiber-{111}//ND(normal direction) exhibits better wear resistance compared to the sheet with α fiber-{100}//ND.展开更多
To the Editor:Vitiligo is an acquired chronic depigrnentation disorder of the skin resulting from selective destruction of melanocytes.Although it is not a life-threatening disease,it may lead to disfigurement and is ...To the Editor:Vitiligo is an acquired chronic depigrnentation disorder of the skin resulting from selective destruction of melanocytes.Although it is not a life-threatening disease,it may lead to disfigurement and is associated with many other autoimmune diseases.According to a recent international consensus conference,vitiIigo can be cIassified into two major forms: nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV)and segmental vitiligo (SV,accounts for 5-16% of all vitiligo cases).NSV typically evolves over time, in both distribution and extension patterns,including acrofacial, generalized,mucosal,and facial vitiligo [Figure 1a and 1b].SV is relatively rare and is characterized by unilateral or banded distribution along the ganglion segment.SV usually has an early onset and spreads rapidly in the affected dermatomal area,including single SV,double SV,and the multi-SV [Figure 1c and 1d].展开更多
To the Editor： Neurofibromatosis type 1 （NF1） is a common autosomal dominant genetic neurocutaneous disorder mainly characterized by cafe-au-lait macules （CALMs）, neurofibromas,
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation of China Aerospace Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Joint Fund (U1737204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51673205)the Key Research Program of Frontier Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences (QYZDJ-SSW-SLH056)。
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81371785）.
文摘This study was designed to analyze the effect of the mitochondrial respiratory pathways of Candida albicans （C. albicans） on the biofilm formation. The 2, 3-bis （2-methoxy- 4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl）-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide （XTT） reduction assay was used to measure the metabolic activities of biofilms formed by the C. albicans which were cultured in the presence of respiratory pathways inhibitors. The biofilms formed by the wide type （WT）, GOA1-deleted （GOA31）, GOAl-reconstituted （GOA32）, AOXla-deleted （AOX1） and AOX1b- deleted （AOX2） C. albicans strains were examined by the XTT reduction assay and fluorescence microscopy. The expression of adhesion-related genes BCR1, ALS1, ALS3, ECEI and HWP1 in the biofilms formed by the above five C. albicans strains was detected by real time polymerase chain reaction. It was found that the metabolic activity of biofilms formed by C. albicans was decreased in the presence of alternative oxidase inhibitor whereas it was increased in the presence of classical mitochondrial respiratory pathway complex Ⅲ or complex IV inhibitor. AOX1 strain produced scarce biofilms interspersed with few hyphal filaments. Moreover, no significant changes in the expression of BCR1 and ALS3 were observed in the AOX 1 strain, but the expression of ALS1 and ECE1 was down-regulated, and that of HWP1 was up-regulated. These results indicate that both AOX1 and AOX2 can promote the biofilm formation. However, AOX1a primarily plays a regulatory role in biofilm formation in the absence of inducers where the promoting effect is mainly achieved by promoting mycelial formation.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. U1737204and 51673205)the Key Research Program of Frontier ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences (No. QYZDJ-SSW-SLH056)。
文摘The microstructure characteristics of TiNi alloy were investigated to elucidate the active deformation mechanisms during hot rolling and the corresponding tribology performance.The deformation was mainly dominated by a combination of mechanical twinning involving the {114}_(B2) and {112}_(B2) twins,dislocations,and stacking faults during the manufacturing process.Moreover,various heat treatments were performed to differentiate the discrepancies in tribological behaviors of hot-rolled and heattreated alloys.Hot-rolled microstructures with high defect density approximate to nanoscale precipitates through aging as the wear resistance of the alloy improves,albeit it is softer compared to the aged one.As demonstrated by the X-ray diffraction(XRD) results of the wear tracks,microstructures undergo the stress-induced martensitic(SIM) transformation during dry sliding.From differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) analysis,the martensitic transformation temperature is lowered by defects in the austenite phase.The activation of the SIM transformation can be a sluggish process owing to the effect of twinning,where both primary and secondary twins are involved.Furthermore,a reversible transformation that is related to pseudoelasticity causes a decrease in wear volume at room temperature,which is higher than the austenite finish temperature.Meanwhile,abrasive wear advances toward adhesion.Additionally,the hot-rolled sheet with y fiber-{111}//ND(normal direction) exhibits better wear resistance compared to the sheet with α fiber-{100}//ND.
基金a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81773306).
文摘To the Editor:Vitiligo is an acquired chronic depigrnentation disorder of the skin resulting from selective destruction of melanocytes.Although it is not a life-threatening disease,it may lead to disfigurement and is associated with many other autoimmune diseases.According to a recent international consensus conference,vitiIigo can be cIassified into two major forms: nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV)and segmental vitiligo (SV,accounts for 5-16% of all vitiligo cases).NSV typically evolves over time, in both distribution and extension patterns,including acrofacial, generalized,mucosal,and facial vitiligo [Figure 1a and 1b].SV is relatively rare and is characterized by unilateral or banded distribution along the ganglion segment.SV usually has an early onset and spreads rapidly in the affected dermatomal area,including single SV,double SV,and the multi-SV [Figure 1c and 1d].
基金This study was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81371728）.
文摘To the Editor： Neurofibromatosis type 1 （NF1） is a common autosomal dominant genetic neurocutaneous disorder mainly characterized by cafe-au-lait macules （CALMs）, neurofibromas,
