Advances in extracellular vesicle-based combination therapies for spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injury is a severe insult to the central nervous system that causes persisting neurological deficits.The currently available treatments involve surgical,medical,and rehabilitative strategies.However,none of these techniques can markedly reverse neurological deficits.Recently,extracellular vesicles from various cell sources have been applied to different models of spinal cord injury,thereby generating new cell-free therapies for the treatment of spinal cord injury.However,the use of extracellular vesicles alone is still associated with some notable shortcomings,such as their uncertainty in targeting damaged spinal cord tissues and inability to provide structural support to damaged axons.Therefore,this paper reviews the latest combined strategies for the use of extracellular vesicle-based technology for spinal cord injury,including the combination of extracellular vesicles with nanoparticles,exogenous drugs and/or biological scaffold materials,which facilitate the targeting ability of extracellular vesicles and the combinatorial effects with extracellular vesicles.We also highlight issues relating to the clinical transformation of these extracellular vesicle-based combination strategies for the treatment of spinal cord injury.

New advances of adiponectin in regulating obesity and related metabolic syndromes

Obesity and related metabolic syndromes have been recognized as important disease risks,in which the role of adipokines cannot be ignored.Adiponectin(ADP)is one of the key adipokines with various beneficial effects,including improving glucose and lipid metabolism,enhancing insulin sensitivity,reducing oxidative stress and inflammation,promoting ceramides degradation,and stimulating adipose tissue vascularity.Based on those,it can serve as a positive regulator in many metabolic syndromes,such as type 2 diabetes(T2D),cardiovascular diseases,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),sarcopenia,neurodegenerative diseases,and certain cancers.Therefore,a promising therapeutic approach for treating various metabolic diseases may involve elevating ADP levels or activating ADP receptors.The modulation of ADP genes,multimerization,and secretion covers the main processes of ADP generation,providing a comprehensive orientation for the development of more appropriate therapeutic strategies.In order to have a deeper understanding of ADP,this paper will provide an all-encompassing review of ADP.

The Effect of Standardized Nutritional Care Combined with Exercise Intervention in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Its Effect on FPG,2hPG,and HbA1c Levels

Objective:To study the application effect of standardized nutritional care combined with exercise intervention in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus and the effect on fasting blood glucose(FPG),2-hour postprandial blood glucose(2hPG),and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)levels.Methods:Ninety cases of gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosed between June 2022 and June 2023 were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 45 cases each.The control group received conventional intervention,while the observation group received combined standardized nutritional care and exercise intervention.Blood glucose levels,adverse pregnancy outcomes,and adverse neonatal outcomes were compared.Results:On the day before delivery,the FPG,2hPG,and HbA1c levels of patients in the observation group were lower than those of patients in the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes(4.44%)and adverse neonatal outcomes(2.22%)in the observation group was lower than in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The blood glucose levels of gestational diabetes mellitus patients can be controlled through standardized nutritional care and exercise interventions,leading to improved pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.

Exploration of the Inheritance and Innovation Carrier of National Culture in the Teaching Model of Art Design Major in Higher Vocational Colleges:Integrating Lijiang Baisha Murals into Higher Vocational Art Design Curriculum System

This study aims to further promote the inheritance and innovative development of intangible cultural heritage in Yunnan Province,promote the protection,inheritance,integration,and innovation of ethnic culture in Lijiang,strengthen the protection and inheritance of Baisha murals in Lijiang,and change the teaching of art design majors in vocational colleges in Yunnan.Given the lack of traditional Chinese culture and local ethnic culture,this article focuses on the teaching of art design majors in Yunnan vocational colleges.It explores the construction model of the cultural inheritance and innovation carrier of Lijiang Baisha murals to meet the spiritual and cultural needs of the local people,and efforts will be made to promote the high-quality development of the Baisha ethnic area in Lijiang.

Integration of Red Aesthetic Education into Kindergarten and its Practical Paths

Red culture has important educational value.The integration of red aesthetics into the kindergarten provides strong support for children to establish correct values and historical views in the multi-cultural environment,and cultivate their creativity and aesthetic consciousness.Red aesthetic education activities should pay attention to the real embodiment of children’s subjectivity and the deep integration of application and practice.Practical paths of red aesthetic education in kindergarten include art activities,multi-field penetration,traditional festivals,and red aesthetic education environment infiltration.

Discovery of Kaempferol,a Novel ADAM10 Inhibitor,as a Potential Treatment for Staphylococcus aureus Infection

Host-directed therapy(HDT)is an emerging novel approach for treating multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)infection.Functioning as the indispensable specific cellular receptor for a-toxin(Hla),a-disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10(ADAM10)is exploited to accelerate S.aureus infection through diverse mechanisms.The extraordinary contribution of ADAM10 to S.aureus pathogenesis renders it an attractive HDT target for combating S.aureus infection.Our study is the first to demonstrate the indispensable role of ADAM10 in S.aureus-induced necroptosis,and it enhances our knowledge of the role of ADAM10 in S.aureus infection.Using a fluorogenic substrate assay,we further identified kaempferol as a potent ADAM10 inhibitor that effectively protected mice from S.aureus infection by suppressing Hla-mediated barrier disruption and necroptosis.Collectively,our work presents a novel hostdirected therapeutic strategy for using the promising candidate kaempferol to treat S.aureus infection and other diseases relevant to the disordered upregulation of ADAM10.

Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile negatively regulates hippocampal cytochrome P450 enzymes and ameliorates phenytoin-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity

The central nervous system is susceptible to the modulation of various neurophysiological processes by the cytochrome P450 enzyme(CYP),which plays a crucial role in the metabolism of neurosteroids.The antiepileptic drug phenytoin(PHT)has been observed to induce neuronal side effects in patients,which could be attributed to its induction of CYP expression and testosterone(TES)metabolism in the hippocampus.While pregnane X receptor(PXR)is widely known for its regulatory function of CYPs in the liver,we have discovered that the treatment of mice with pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile(PCN),a PXR agonist,has differential effects on CYP expression in the liver and hippocampus.Specifically,the PCN treatment resulted in the induction of cytochrome P450,family 3,subfamily a,polypeptide 11(CYP3A11),and CYP2B10 expression in the liver,while suppressing their expression in the hippocampus.Functionally,the PCN treatment protected mice from PHT-induced hippocampal nerve injury,which was accompanied by the inhibition of TES metabolism in the hippocampus.Mechanistically,we found that the inhibition of hippocampal CYP expression and attenuation of PHT-induced neurotoxicity by PCN were glucocorticoid receptor dependent,rather than PXR independent,as demonstrated by genetic and pharmacological models.In conclusion,our study provides evidence that PCN can negatively regulate hippocampal CYP expression and attenuate PHT-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity independently of PXR.Our findings suggest that glucocorticoids may be a potential therapeutic strategy for managing the neuronal side effects of PHT.

Effect of solvents on the morphology and structure of barium titanate synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method

Tetragonal barium titanate was synthesized from barium hydroxide octahydrate and titanium tetrachloride through a simple one-step hydrothermal method.The effect of different solvents on the crystal structure and morphology of barium titanate nanoparticles during the hy-drothermal process was investigated.Except for ethylene glycol/water solvent,impurity-free barium titanate was synthesized in pure water,methanol/water,ethanol/water,and isopropyl alcohol/water mixed solvents.Compared with other alcohols,ethanol promotes the formation of a tetragonal structure.In addition,characterization studies confirm that particles synthesized in methanol/water,ethanol/water,and isopropyl al-cohol/water mixed solvents are smaller in size than those synthesized in pure water.In the case of alcohol-containing solvents,the particle size decreases in the order of isopropanol,ethanol,and methanol.Among all the media used in this study,ethanol/water is considered the optimum reaction media for barium titanate with high tetragonality(defined as the ratio of two lattice parameters c and a,c/a=1.0088)and small aver-age particle size(82 nm),which indicates its great application potential in multilayer ceramic capacitors.

Analysis on Value Rationality of Traditional Farm Tools in the Taomin Area

This paper introduces the types of traditional farm tools,and analyzes the value rationality of these traditional farm tools:on the one hand,these farm tools have witnessed the farming culture,and they are also a manifestation of local culture in the Taomin area,representing the cultural characteristics and civilization progress of this area.

Optima of Trypsin-Catalyzed Hydrolysis and Its Inhibition Determined by SDS-PAGE

SDS-PAGE was applied to determine trypsin activity and inhibition. After the hydrolysis by trypsin to substrate bovine serum albulnin (BSA) under different temperatures and pH, the hydrolysis degree of BSA was conducted using SDS-PAGE. From the quantitative analysis to the electrophoresis bands of BSA and its hydrolysis products in SDS-PAGE pattern, the change of trypsin activity was determined, and then the optimum temperature at 40°C and the optimum pH at pH 8.5 - 8.7 for trypsin activity were obtained. All the target bonds in BSA molecule could be hydrolyzed at the same time by trypsin. The inhibition was due to the binding of inhibitor to trypsin, which made it impossible for trypsin to touch the substrate protein. SDS-PAGE was demonstrated to be also an effect method for assaying the characteristics of trypsin activity and its inhibition.

Nursing Care Management Strategies in Isolation Wards during the COVID-19 Outbreak

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly infectious and has spread worldwide. Medical staff may be exposed to the infection under circumstances of medical supply shortages and improper protection. How to better protect medical staff has become the focus of all walks of life. Therefore, during the COVID-19 outbreak, timely adjustments and optimization of nursing management strategies in isolation wards are important for improving care quality and reducing the infection of medical staff. Based on a literature review and clinical nursing management practices, this article summarizes the nursing management strategies in isolation wards during the COVID-19 outbreak, aiming to provide references for clinical nursing managers.

求解无容量设施选址问题的拉格朗日蝙蝠算法

无容量设施选址问题(Uncapacitated Facility Location Problem,UFLP)是一类经典的组合优化问题,被证明是一种NP-hard问题,易于描述却难于求解.首先根据UFLP的数学模型及其具体特征,重新设计了蝙蝠算法的操作算子,给出了求解UFLP的蝙蝠算法.其次构建出三种可行化方法,并将其与求解UFLP的蝙蝠算法和拉格朗日松弛算法相结合,设计了求解该问题的拉格朗日蝙蝠算法.最后通过仿真实例和与其他算法进行比较的方式,验证了该混合算法用来求解UFLP的可行性,是解决离散型问题的一种有效方式.

煤层气藏压裂裂缝损伤演化混沌特性研究

煤岩体压裂裂缝系统演化属复杂的非线性动力特征,由损伤引起的煤岩压裂微裂缝,在其分形演化过程中,裂缝系统尖端应力场和微裂缝数目等信息发生改变,需要确定岩石裂缝尖端应力场与微裂缝数目在整个压裂过程中的变化规律,即预测岩体裂缝扩展规模。本文从关联维数,Lyapunov指数等特征量方面揭示煤岩裂缝演化混沌特性的本质。研究裂缝网络演化过程的混沌特征,分析裂缝网络演化混沌特征随压裂过程的变化规律。

单羧酸转运蛋白家族介导乳酸转运在肿瘤发生发展中的作用

单羧酸转运蛋白(monocarboxylate transporters,MCTs)为溶质运载蛋白16(solute carrier 16,SLC16)家族的一部分。MCTs的主要功能是介导质子耦连的乳酸等单羧酸类物质的跨膜转运,MCTs的异常表达与多种恶性肿瘤的发生发展密切相关。MCTs可通过介导乳酸转运参与维持肿瘤细胞高糖酵解表型、酸抵抗表型及调节细胞内外pH值。此外,MCTs介导乳酸转运还能促进肿瘤血管生成以及诱导肿瘤免疫耐受。本文对MCTs介导乳酸转运在恶性肿瘤发生发展中的作用及相关机制进行综述。

Differential expression of serum miR-126,miR-141 and miR-21 as novel biomarkers for early detection of liver metastasis in colorectal cancer

Objective：MicroRNAs （miRNAs） have potential as diagnostic biomarkers in cancer.Evaluation of the association between miRNA expression patterns and early detection of liver metastasis in colorectal cancer （CRC） has not been reported.Methods：We investigated the expression of metastasis-associated miRs-31,335,206,141,126,200b,200c,21,Let7a,Let7b and Let7c in localized,liver-metastatic and other organ-metastatic CRC （OM-CRC）.Expressions of target miRNAs in serum were evaluated in 116 consecutive localized CRC （L-CRC）,72 synchronous liver-metastatic CRC （SLM-CRC） and 36 other OM-CRC by quantitative real-time PCR.Results：Seven of 11 tested miRNAs could be detected from serum.Four miRNAs,miR-126,Let-7a,miR141 and miR-21 were identified as metastasis-associated miRNAs.Compared with L-CRC,significant upregulated expression was observed for miR-141 and miR-21 in SLM-CRC and OM-CRC,down-regulated expression was observed for miR-126 in SLM-CRC and OM-CRC,and up-regulated expression of Let-7a in OM-CRC.The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve showed serum miR-126 had a cut-off [log10 relative quantity （log10RQ）=--0.2005] with 77.78％ sensitivity and 68.97％ specificity with an area under curve （AUC） of 0.7564,miR-141 had a cut-off （1og10RQ=-0.2285） with 86.11％ sensitivity and 76.11％ specificity with an AUC of 0.8279,and miR-21 had a cut-off （log10RQ=-0.1310） with 73.61％ sensitivity and 66.38％ specificity with an AUC of 0.7479.Conclusions：We identified liver metastasis-associated miRNAs,suggesting serum miR-126,miR-141 and miR-21 may be novel biomarkers for clinical diagnosis of early stage liver-metastatic CRC.

MicroRNA signatures in chemotherapy resistant esophageal cancer cell lines

AIM:To investigate expression of microRNA(miRNA)and potential targets in chemotherapy resistant esoph-ageal cancer cell lines.METHODS:An in-vitro model of acquired chemotherapy resistance in esophageal adeno-(EAC)and squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)cells was used,and microRNA expression profiles for cisplatin or 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)resistant variants vs chemotherapy sensitive controls were compared using microarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The expression of chemotherapy-relevant genes potentially targeted by the dysregulated microRNAs in the chemotherapy resistant variants was also evaluated.RESULTS:Chemotherapy resistant sublines were found to have specific miRNA signatures,and these miRNA signatures were different for the cisplatin vs 5-FU resistant cells from the same tumor cell line,and also for EAC vs ESCC cells with resistance to the same specific chemotherapy agent.Amongst others,miR-27b-3p,miR-193b-3p,miR-192-5p,miR-378 a-3p,miR-125a-5p and miR-18a-3p were dysregulated,consistent with negative posttranscriptional control of KRAS,TYMS,ABCC3,CBL-B and ERBB2 expression via these miRNAs.CONCLUSION:The current study supports the hypothesis that microRNA expression has an impact on chemotherapy resistance in esophageal cancer.

Interfacial Engineering Strategy for High-Performance Zn Metal Anodes

Due to their high safety and low cost,rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries(RAZIBs)have been receiving increased attention and are expected to be the next generation of energy storage systems.However,metal Zn anodes exhibit a limited-service life and inferior reversibility owing to the issues of Zn dendrites and side reactions,which severely hinder the further development of RAZIBs.Researchers have attempted to design high-performance Zn anodes by interfacial engineering,including surface modification and the addition of electrolyte additives,to stabilize Zn anodes.The purpose is to achieve uniform Zn nucleation and flat Zn deposition by regulating the deposition behavior of Zn ions,which effectively improves the cycling stability of the Zn anode.This review comprehensively summarizes the reaction mechanisms of interfacial modification for inhibiting the growth of Zn dendrites and the occurrence of side reactions.In addition,the research progress of interfacial engineering strategies for RAZIBs is summarized and classified.Finally,prospects and suggestions are provided for the design of highly reversible Zn anodes.

Simple synthesis of sandwich-like SnSe2/rGO as high initial coulombic efficiency and high stability anode for sodium-ion batteries

Metal selenides owing to their high theoretical capacity and good conductivity are considered as one of the potential candidates for the anode materials of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).However,their practical applications are greatly restricted by the poor cycling performances and complicated synthesis methods.In this work,a sandwich-like Sn Se2/reduced graphene oxide(r GO)composite with a small amount of r GO(7.3%)is synthesized by a simple one-pot solvothermal technique.The as-synthesized Sn Se2/r GO shows improved initial coulombic efficiency(ICE)of 73.7%,high capacity of 402.0 m Ah g-1 after 150 cycles at 0.1 A g-1 with a retention of 86.2%and outstanding rate performances.The abundant Sn-O-C bonds of synthesized material not only accelerate the charge transfer at the interface but also enhance the mechanical strength to accommodate volume variation and prevent active material loss during cycling.Moreover,the compact structure leads to thin solid electrolyte interface(SEI)so that high initial coulombic efficiency was obtained.Furthermore,full cells are assembled to test its potential application.This work offers a simple method to synthesize Sn Se2/r GO as a candidate anode for SIBs.

一种考虑线路短时过载的断面输电能力提高方法

输电线路的热稳定极限是确定断面输电能力时必须考虑的一个重要因素,在传统安全分析中,线路热稳定极限是作为一个固定不变的值来考虑的,而实际运行中,热稳定是一个电热平衡过程,和环境因素密切相关。在此基础上,研究输电线路载流机理,建立输电线路的热力学模型,将此模型与潮流分析充分结合,形成电热协调的电力系统潮流求解模型和算法。在线路过负荷的测试环境下,校验线路的热稳定性,验证短时过负荷提高输电能力的正确性。