Biomass waste-assisted micro(nano)plastics capture, utilization, and storage for sustainable water remediation

Micro(nano)plastics(MNPs)have become a significant environmental concern due to their widespread presence in the biosphere and potential harm to ecosystems and human health.Here,we propose for the first time a MNPs capture,utilization,and storage(PCUS)concept to achieve MNPs remediation from water while meeting economically productive upcycling and environmentally sustainable plastic waste management.A highly efficient capturing material derived from surface-modified woody biomass waste(M-Basswood)is developed to remove a broad spectrum of multidimensional and compositional MNPs from water.The M-Basswood delivered a high and stable capture efficiency of>99.1%at different pH or salinity levels.This exceptional capture performance is driven by multiscale interactions between M-Basswood and MNPs,involving physical trapping,strong electrostatic attractions,and triggered MNPs cluster-like aggregation sedimentation.Additionally,the in vivo biodistribution of MNPs shows low ingestion and accumulation of MNPs in the mice organs.After MNPs remediation from water,the M-Basswood,together with captured MNPs,is further processed into a high-performance composite board product where MNPs serve as the glue for utilization and storage.Furthermore,the life cycle assessment(LCA)and techno-economic analysis(TEA)results demonstrate the environmental friendliness and economic viability of our proposed full-chain PCUS strategy,promising to drive positive change in plastic pollution and foster a circular economy.

An overview of Web3 technology:Infrastructure,applications,and popularity

Web3,the next generation of the Internet,represents a decentralized and democratized web.Although it has garnered significant public interest and found numerous real-world applications,there is a limited understanding of people’s perceptions and experiences with Web3.In this study,we conducted an empirical study to investigate the categories of Web3 applications and their popularity,as well as the potential challenges and opportunities within this emerging landscape.Our research was carried out in two phases.In the first phase,we analyzed 200 popular Web3 projects associated with 10 leading Web3 venture capital firms.In the second phase,we collected and examined code-related data from GitHub and market-related data from blockchain browsers(e.g.,Etherscan)for these projects.Our analysis revealed that the Web3 ecosystem can be categorized into two groups,i.e.,Web3 infrastructure and Web3 applications,with each consisting of several subcategories or subdomains.We also gained insights into the popularity of these Web3 projects at both the code and market levels and pointed out the challenges in the Web3 ecosystem at the system,developer,and user levels,as well as the opportunities it presents.Our findings contribute to a better understanding of Web3 for researchers and developers,which in turn promotes further exploration and advancement in this innovative field.