With the problem of global energy shortage and people’s awareness of energy saving, electric vehicles receive world-wide attention from government to business. Then the load of the power grid will rapidly increase in...With the problem of global energy shortage and people’s awareness of energy saving, electric vehicles receive world-wide attention from government to business. Then the load of the power grid will rapidly increase in a short term, and a series of effects will bring to the power grid operation, management, production and planning. With the large-scale penetration of electric vehicles and distributed energy gradually increased, if they can be effectively controlled and regulated, they can play the roles of load shifting, stabling intermittent renewable energy sources, providing emergency power supply and so on. Otherwise they may have a negative impact, which calls for a good interaction of electric vehicles and power grid. Analyzed the status of the current study on the interaction between the electric vehicles and the power grid, this paper builds the material basis, information architecture and the corresponding control method for the interaction from the aspect of the energy and information exchanging, and then discusses the key issues, which makes a useful exploration for the further research.展开更多
Compared with perovskite solar cells and silicon solar cells,the excessive voltage loss(Vloss)becomes a stubborn stone that seriously hinders the further improvement of organic photovoltaic(OPV).Thus,many researchers ...Compared with perovskite solar cells and silicon solar cells,the excessive voltage loss(Vloss)becomes a stubborn stone that seriously hinders the further improvement of organic photovoltaic(OPV).Thus,many researchers focus on finding an effective material system to achieve high-performance OPVs with low Vloss.In recent 5 years,acceptor-donor-acceptor’-donor-acceptor(A-DA’D-A)type non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs)have attracted great attention because of their promising photovoltaic performance.Among them,A-DA’D-A type NFAs containing non-halogenated end group(NHEG)exhibit the large potential to achieve high open-circuit voltage(VOC)for the state-of-the-art OPVs,because of high-lying molecular energy levels and decreasing Vloss.In this review,we systematically summarize the recent development of A-DA’D-A type NHEG-NFAs and the impact of different NHEGs on the optoelectronic properties as well as the photovoltaic performance.In addition,we especially analyze the Vloss of NHEG-NFAs in the binary and ternary OPV devices.At last,we provide perspectives on the further molecular design and future challenges for this kind of materials as well as suggested solutions.展开更多
Many recent studies have shown that the gut microbiome plays important roles in human physiology and pathology.Also,microbiome-based therapies have been used to improve health status and treat diseases.In addition,agi...Many recent studies have shown that the gut microbiome plays important roles in human physiology and pathology.Also,microbiome-based therapies have been used to improve health status and treat diseases.In addition,aging and neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease,have become topics of intense interest in biomedical research.Several researchers have explored the links between these topics to study the potential pathogenic or therapeutic effects of intestinal microbiota in disease.But the exact relationship between neurodegenerative diseases and gut microbiota remains unclear.As technology advances,new techniques for studying the microbiome will be developed and refined,and the relationship between diseases and gut microbiota will be revealed.This article summarizes the known interactions between the gut microbiome and neurodegenerative diseases,highlighting assay techniques for the gut microbiome,and we also discuss the potential therapeutic role of microbiome-based therapies in diseases.展开更多
The potential risks of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are of increasing ecological concern. Swimming performance is linked to the fitness and health of fish. However, the impacts of PFOS on swimming performance re...The potential risks of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are of increasing ecological concern. Swimming performance is linked to the fitness and health of fish. However, the impacts of PFOS on swimming performance remain largely unknown. We investigated the ecotoxicological effects of acute exposure to PFOS on the swimming performance and energy expenditure of juvenile goldfish (Carassius auratus). The fish were exposed to a range of PFOS concentrations (0, 0.5, 2, 8 and 32 mg/L) for 48 hr. The spontaneous swimming activity, fast-start swimming performance, critical swimming speed (Ucrit) and active metabolic rate (AMR) of the goldfish were examined after exposure to PFOS. PFOS exposure resulted in remarkable effects on spontaneous activity. Motion distance was reduced, and the proportion of motionless time increased with increasing concentrations of PFOS. However, no significant alterations in the fast-start performance-related kinematic parameters, such as latency time, maximum linear velocity, maximum linear acceleration or escape distance during the first 120 msec after stimulus, were observed after PFOS exposure. Unexpectedly, although PFOS exposure had marked influences on the swimming oxygen consumption rates and AMR of goldfish, the U crit of the goldfish was not significantly affected by PFOS. This may result in a noteworthy increase in the energetic cost of transport. The overall results indicate that, in contrast to spontaneous activity, underlying swimming capabilities are maintained in goldfish after short-term exposure to PFOS, but energy expenditure during the process of swimming is dramatically aggravated.展开更多
文摘With the problem of global energy shortage and people’s awareness of energy saving, electric vehicles receive world-wide attention from government to business. Then the load of the power grid will rapidly increase in a short term, and a series of effects will bring to the power grid operation, management, production and planning. With the large-scale penetration of electric vehicles and distributed energy gradually increased, if they can be effectively controlled and regulated, they can play the roles of load shifting, stabling intermittent renewable energy sources, providing emergency power supply and so on. Otherwise they may have a negative impact, which calls for a good interaction of electric vehicles and power grid. Analyzed the status of the current study on the interaction between the electric vehicles and the power grid, this paper builds the material basis, information architecture and the corresponding control method for the interaction from the aspect of the energy and information exchanging, and then discusses the key issues, which makes a useful exploration for the further research.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22109142)the Outstanding Talent Research Fund of Zhengzhou University(Nos.32340035 and 32340100).
文摘Compared with perovskite solar cells and silicon solar cells,the excessive voltage loss(Vloss)becomes a stubborn stone that seriously hinders the further improvement of organic photovoltaic(OPV).Thus,many researchers focus on finding an effective material system to achieve high-performance OPVs with low Vloss.In recent 5 years,acceptor-donor-acceptor’-donor-acceptor(A-DA’D-A)type non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs)have attracted great attention because of their promising photovoltaic performance.Among them,A-DA’D-A type NFAs containing non-halogenated end group(NHEG)exhibit the large potential to achieve high open-circuit voltage(VOC)for the state-of-the-art OPVs,because of high-lying molecular energy levels and decreasing Vloss.In this review,we systematically summarize the recent development of A-DA’D-A type NHEG-NFAs and the impact of different NHEGs on the optoelectronic properties as well as the photovoltaic performance.In addition,we especially analyze the Vloss of NHEG-NFAs in the binary and ternary OPV devices.At last,we provide perspectives on the further molecular design and future challenges for this kind of materials as well as suggested solutions.
基金by a National Key Science and Technology Project of China(2018YFC2000500,03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81790631 and 81703430)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-5-045)。
文摘Many recent studies have shown that the gut microbiome plays important roles in human physiology and pathology.Also,microbiome-based therapies have been used to improve health status and treat diseases.In addition,aging and neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease,have become topics of intense interest in biomedical research.Several researchers have explored the links between these topics to study the potential pathogenic or therapeutic effects of intestinal microbiota in disease.But the exact relationship between neurodegenerative diseases and gut microbiota remains unclear.As technology advances,new techniques for studying the microbiome will be developed and refined,and the relationship between diseases and gut microbiota will be revealed.This article summarizes the known interactions between the gut microbiome and neurodegenerative diseases,highlighting assay techniques for the gut microbiome,and we also discuss the potential therapeutic role of microbiome-based therapies in diseases.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation Project of Chongqing (No. CSTC2011jjA20006)the Research Project of Chongqing Education Committee (No. KJ110606)the projects of Chongqing Normal University (No. 2011XLZ11, 10XLB037)
文摘The potential risks of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are of increasing ecological concern. Swimming performance is linked to the fitness and health of fish. However, the impacts of PFOS on swimming performance remain largely unknown. We investigated the ecotoxicological effects of acute exposure to PFOS on the swimming performance and energy expenditure of juvenile goldfish (Carassius auratus). The fish were exposed to a range of PFOS concentrations (0, 0.5, 2, 8 and 32 mg/L) for 48 hr. The spontaneous swimming activity, fast-start swimming performance, critical swimming speed (Ucrit) and active metabolic rate (AMR) of the goldfish were examined after exposure to PFOS. PFOS exposure resulted in remarkable effects on spontaneous activity. Motion distance was reduced, and the proportion of motionless time increased with increasing concentrations of PFOS. However, no significant alterations in the fast-start performance-related kinematic parameters, such as latency time, maximum linear velocity, maximum linear acceleration or escape distance during the first 120 msec after stimulus, were observed after PFOS exposure. Unexpectedly, although PFOS exposure had marked influences on the swimming oxygen consumption rates and AMR of goldfish, the U crit of the goldfish was not significantly affected by PFOS. This may result in a noteworthy increase in the energetic cost of transport. The overall results indicate that, in contrast to spontaneous activity, underlying swimming capabilities are maintained in goldfish after short-term exposure to PFOS, but energy expenditure during the process of swimming is dramatically aggravated.