心血管疾病患者运动恐惧评估工具测量属性的系统评价

目的系统评价心血管疾病患者运动恐惧评估工具的测量学特性及方法学质量,为医护人员选择高质量的评估工具提供参考。方法系统检索Embase、the Cochrane Libranry.PubMed.Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、CINAHL和维普数据库中有关心血管疾病患者运动恐惧量表测量属性的研究,检索时限为建库至2023年4月1日,并追溯纳人文献的参考文献以补充相关文献。两名研究员按照纳人排除标准,独立筛选文献、提取数据,并使用COSMIN偏倚风险检查表独立评估量表的方法学质量,使用COSMIN标准评估量表评价测量学特性,使用改良版定量系统评价证据分级评估证据等级。结果共纳人17项研究,对6个心血管疾病患者运动恐惧评估工具(包含不同语言版本)的心理测量学特性进行了评价,仅有2项研究报告的量表内容效度方法学质量为很好,其余研究报告的量表内容效度方法学质量为模糊。关于跨文化有效性/测量不变性、测量误差和反应性的信息较少。瑞典语版及中文版坦帕运动恐惧症量表(the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia Heart,TSK Heart)为A类推荐,其他工具为B类推荐。结论现有研究中报告的瑞典语版和中文版TSKHeart的方法学及测量学属性质量相对较高,可被推荐使用,其余量表的测量学特性有待进--步验证。

二甲双胍对斑马鱼骨骼发育及损伤修复的机制研究

二甲双胍(metformin,MET)是治疗糖尿病的一线药物,对骨骼疾病也有一定的治疗效果,但具体作用机制尚不明确。本研究利用斑马鱼(Danio rerio)构建骨质疏松模型,通过荧光观察、骨骼染色、半定量PCR、原位杂交及ELISA等技术方法,探究MET对斑马鱼骨骼发育及损伤修复的作用机制。首先通过胚胎致死率、骨骼矿化及钙化程度确定了MET的工作浓度是0.1%,该浓度MET对斑马鱼胚胎和幼鱼的骨骼发育均有显著的促进作用,可通过增强骨骼调控基因的m RNA水平和蛋白质水平实现。进一步利用枸橼酸铁铵(ferric ammonium citrate,FAC)和硝基还原酶/甲硝唑(nitroreductase/metronidazole,NTR/MTZ)系统构建斑马鱼体外和体内骨质疏松模型,并利用MET进行恢复实验,结果表明MET能显著修复FAC或MTZ诱导引起的骨骼矿化面积减小、脊椎钙化减少、成骨分化减弱等骨质疏松表型,通过促进成骨细胞再生、增强成骨细胞标记物(sp7、ALP)表达和抑制破骨细胞标记物(ctsk、mmp9、TRAP)的活性发挥修复作用。最后,通过检测Bmp信号成员的表达水平变化,初步证明MET不仅可以增强Bmp的mRNA和蛋白表达,还可通过激活Bmp下游信号通路促进斑马鱼骨骼发育和损伤修复。综合本研究的实验结果表明,MET作为治疗糖尿病专用药的同时,对斑马鱼骨骼发育也有促进作用,且对骨质疏松症具有显著的修复功效,为老药新用提供了新的研究方向和实验支撑。

Cotton BLH1 and KNOX6 antagonistically modulate fiber elongation via regulation of linolenic acid biosynthesis

BEL1-LIKE HOMEODOMAIN(BLH)proteins are known to function in various plant developmental processes.However,the role of BLHs in regulating plant cell elongation is still unknown.Here,we identify a BLH gene,GhBLH1,that positively regulates fiber cell elongation.Combined transcriptomic and biochemical analyses reveal that GhBLH1 enhances linolenic acid accumulation to promote cotton fiber cell elongation by activating the transcription of GhFAD7A-1 via binding of the POX domain of GhBLH1 to the TGGA cis-element in the GhFAD7A-1 promoter.Knockout of GhFAD7A-1 in cotton significantly reduces fiber length,whereas overexpression of GhFAD7A-1 results in longer fibers.The K2 domain of GhKNOX6 directly interacts with the POX domain of GhBLH1 to form a functional heterodimer,which interferes with the transcriptional activation of GhFAD7A-1 via the POX domain of GhBLH1.Overexpression of GhKNOX6 leads to a significant reduction in cotton fiber length,whereas knockout of GhKNOX6 results in longer cotton fibers.An examination of the hybrid progeny of GhBLH1 and GhKNOX6 transgenic cotton lines provides evidence that GhKNOX6 negatively regulates GhBLH1-mediated cotton fiber elongation.Our results show that the interplay between GhBLH1 and GhKNOX6 modulates regulation of linolenic acid synthesis and thus contributes to plant cell elongation.

DnaQ mediates directional spacer acquisition in the CRISPR-Cas system by a time-dependent mechanism

In the spacer acquisition stage of CRISPR-Cas immunity,spacer orientation and protospacer adjacent motif(PAM)removal are two prerequisites for functional spacer integration.Cas4 has been implicated in both processing the prespacer and determining the spacer orientation.In Cas4-lacking systems,host 3′–5′DnaQ family exonucleases were recently reported to play a Cas4-like role.However,the molecular details of DnaQ functions remain elusive.Here,we characterized the spacer acquisition of the adaptation module of the Streptococcus thermophilus type I-E system,in which a DnaQ domain naturally fuses with Cas2.We presented X-ray crystal structures and cryo-electron microscopy structures of this adaptation module.Our biochemical data showed that DnaQ trimmed PAM-containing and PAM-deficient overhangs with different efficiencies.Based on these results,we proposed a time-dependent model for DnaQ-mediated spacer acquisition to elucidate PAM removal and spacer orientation determination in Cas4-lacking CRISPR-Cas systems.

Automorphism group of Green ring of Sweedler Hopf algebra

Let H2 be Sweedler＇s 4-dimensional Hopf algebra and r（H2） be the corresponding Green ring of H2. In this paper, we investigate the automorphism groups of Green ring r（H2） and Green algebra F（H2） = r（H2） zF, where F is a field, whose characteristics is not equal to 2. We prove that the automorphism group of r（H2） is isomorphic to K4, where K4 is the Klein group, and the automorphism group of F（H2） is the semidirect product of Z2 and G, where G = F ／ {1/2} with multiplication given by a. b = 1 - a - b ＋ 2ab.

G3BP2 regulates oscillatory shear stress-induced endothelial dysfunction

GTPase-activating SH3 domain-binding protein 2(G3BP2)is a mediator that responds to environmental stresses through stress granule formation and is involved in the progression of chronic diseases.However,no studies have examined the contribution of G3BP2 in the oscillatory shear stress(OSS)-induced endothelial dysfunction.Here we assessed the effects of G3BP2 in endothelial cells(ECs)function and investigated the underlying mechanism.Using shear stress apparatus and partial ligation model,we identified that stress granulerelated genes in ECs could be induced by OSS with RNA-seq,and then confirmed that G3BP2 was highly and specifically expressed in athero-susceptible endothelia in the OSS regions.G3bp2e/eApoee/e mice had significantly decreased atherosclerotic lesions associated with deficiency of G3BP2 in protecting endothelial barrier function,decreasing monocyte adhesion to ECs and inhibiting the proinflammatory cytokine levels.Furthermore,loss of G3BP2 diminished OSS-induced inflammation in ECs by increasing YAP nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and phosphorylation.These data demonstrate that G3BP2 is a critical OSS regulated gene in regulating ECs function and that G3BP2 inhibition in ECs is a promising atheroprotective therapeutic strategy.

Mapping the elastic properties of two-dimensional MoS_(2) via bimodal atomic force microscopy and finite element simulation

Elasticity is a fundamental mechanical property of two-dimensional(2D)materials,and is critical for their application as well as for strain engineering.However,accurate measurement of the elastic modulus of 2D materials remains a challenge,and the conventional suspension method suffers from a number of drawbacks.In this work,we demonstrate a method to map the in-plane Young’s modulus of mono-and bi-layer MoS_(2) on a substrate with high spatial resolution.Bimodal atomic force microscopy is used to accurately map the effective spring constant between the microscope tip and sample,and a finite element method is developed to quantitatively account for the effect of substrate stiffness on deformation.Using these methods,the in-plane Young’s modulus of monolayer MoS_(2) can be decoupled from the substrate and determined as 265±13 GPa,broadly consistent with previous reports though with substantially smaller uncertainty.It is also found that the elasticity of mono-and bi-layer MoS_(2) cannot be differentiated,which is confirmed by the first principles calculations.This method provides a convenient,robust and accurate means to map the in-plane Young’s modulus of 2D materials on a substrate.