碳离子治疗肿瘤的临床进展研究

碳离子束拥有独特的物理学及生物学优势,在肿瘤治疗过程中具有高效性和低毒性,并且整体治疗周期短,因此被认为是21世纪最理想的肿瘤放射治疗射线。但是碳离子中心建设及设备运营费用昂贵,目前世界范围内,仅有日本、德国、中国、意大利、奥地利等极少数国家将碳离子应用于临床。自1994年以来,日本一直应用碳离子束治疗恶性肿瘤,治疗效果较好。截至2022年底,全球范围内超过46800例患者接受了碳离子治疗,其中包括头颈部恶性肿瘤、肺癌、肝癌、胰腺癌等。本文总结近20年来碳离子在临床应用中的经验、治疗效果、最新发展及其作为一种新兴癌症治疗方式的优点,并将碳离子治疗与传统的光子放疗疗效及不良反应进行比较,可以帮助临床进一步了解碳离子治疗的优势及进展,并且指导关于新的碳离子治疗中心的建设,从而更好地服务于肿瘤患者。

TEM1表达与胃癌患者新辅助化疗疗效相关性研究

目的:检测胃癌组织中P53、人表皮生长因子受体2(HER-2)、肿瘤内皮标记物1(TEM1)的表达情况,结合新辅助化疗后临床疗效进行相关性分析,探讨其作为新辅助化疗疗效生物学标志物的可能性。方法:选取2015年5月至2017年5月于兰州大学第一医院就诊以氟尿嘧啶为基础行新辅助化疗的63例胃癌患者,对新辅助化疗前的胃癌标本行免疫组织化学法检测P53、HER-2、TEM1的表达情况,通过影像学评估新辅助化疗疗效,分析各肿瘤指标与新辅助化疗疗效之间的关系。结果:63例进展期胃癌患者新辅助化疗后总有效率为69.8%,其中完全缓解(complete response,CR)2例,部分缓解(partial response,PR)7例,疾病稳定(stable disease,SD)35例,疾病进展(progressive disease,PD)19例;单因素分析结果显示TEM1阳性、T分期较高的患者新辅助化疗疗效较差(均P<0.05);病变部位、分化程度、病灶大小、P53(P=0.488)阳性及HER-2(P=0.106)阳性表达与胃癌新辅助化疗疗效无相关。多因素分析结果显示TEM1阳性、T分期高可能是进展期胃癌患者新辅助化疗疗效差的预测因素。结论:TEM1作为肿瘤基质的标志物,其阳性表达可能成为预测胃癌新辅助化疗疗效差的重要分子生物学指标。

Adsorptive interaction between typical VOCs and various topological zeolites:Mixture effect and mechanism

Adsorption is one of the most feasible and effective methods to alleviate the volatile organic compounds(VOCs)pollution.However,the mixture effect and mechanism for competitive adsorption of VOCs on zeolites are barely addressed.In this study,toluene,acetone,and ethyl acetate as prevalent VOCs species were removed by four potential zeolites(13X,USY,Beta,ZSM-5)in both single-and multi-component systems.The structure-property relationship between adsorbate-adsorbent pairs was revealed by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectrometer,X-ray fluorescence,N_(2) adsorption and density function theory calculation.The molecular polarity and volatility of VOCs species played key roles in adsorption and the dynamic uptakes were generally listed as follows:ethyl acetate>toluene>acetone.As for the above VOCs mixtures,13X zeolite selectively adsorbed oxygenated VOCs rather than toluene.In contrast,USY exhibited a preference to trap toluene.Ethyl acetate could be readily enriched by ZSM-5 and Beta selectively.The possible explanations and implications are discussed based on the subtle change in electron density.The results obtained are vital for understanding the mixture effect of VOCs adsorption and may guide the selection of proper adsorbent for real applications.

High-resolution global mature and young oil palm plantation subclass maps for 2020

Accurate high-resolution maps of oil palm plantations underpin effective management of environmental and socio-economic impacts at global,regional,and national levels.However,young industrial and highly irregular small-holder plantations are mostly unmapped and not included in official FAO statistics.This issue is addressed here by discriminating global oil palm plantation in 2020 into four subclasses:Industrial Mature Oil Palm(IMOP);Industrial Young Oil Palm(IYOP);Smallholder Mature Oil Palm(SMOP);and Smallholder Young Oil Palm(SYOP).Data,resolved to 4.77 m,from Planet&NICFI,Sentinel-1/2,were combined with other layers using the image-oriented classification and regression tree(CART)algorithm which performed best in classification tests.Results show that SMOP dominates distributional extent,but it was also the most accurately mapped subclass typically found at 500–1000 m altitude.IMOP had the most extensive altitude range of 500–1300 m,while IYOP and SYOP were found at similar altitudes of 500–800 m and 500–900 m respectively.Recent developments in South East Asia show oil palm plantations expanding into new areas with a slope of 24 degrees.Results provide data to support Sustainable Development Goal by assisting future oil palm-related development planning and monitoring in the world’s major oil palm-growing countries.

Efficient capture of iodine and methyl iodide using all-silica EMM-17 zeolite

Hydrophobic zeolites have been identified as suitable adsorbents for capturing radioactive iodine species from nuclear-powerplant off-gas because of their high stability and strong water resistance.However,only the most common zeolites have been investigated for the capture of molecular iodine to date.Herein,we demonstrate that the composition and pore structure of zeolites considerably affect their iodine adsorption performance.A novel all-silica ExxonMobil material-17(EMM-17)zeolite having a unique three-dimensional 10(12)×10(12)×11-ring channel system exhibits a high adsorption capacity for iodine and methyl iodide in the presence of water.EMM-17 outperforms previously reported zeolites in terms of gravimetric and volumetric adsorption capacity in dynamic adsorption measurements.The excellent iodine/methyl iodide capture properties are attributed to the combination of optimal pore size,high pore volume,strong hydrophobicity,suitable particle morphology.This study provides useful insights for designing efficient adsorbents for iodine capture.

Superior Iodine Uptake Capacity Enabled by an Open Metal-Sulfide Framework Composed of Three Types of Active Sites

Efficient adsorption of gaseous radioiodine is pivotal for the sustainable development of nuclear energy and the long-termradiation safety of the ecological system.However,state-of-the-art adsorbents(e.g.metal-organic frameworks and covalent-organic frameworks)currently under exploration suffer severely from limited adsorption capacity,especially under a real-world scenariowith extremely lowradioiodine concentration and elevated temperature.This mostly originates from the relatively weak sorption driving forces mainly determinedby the iodine-adsorbent interaction consistingof noncovalent interactionswith a small fraction of strong chemical bonding.Here,we document the discovery of an open metal-sulfide framework((NH_(4))_(2)(Sn_(3)S_(7)),donated as SCU-SnS)constructed by three different types of active sites as a superior iodine adsorbent.Benefiting from the ability of iodine for pre-enrichment into the framework by charge-balancing NH_(4)^(+)through N-H···I interaction,the efficient reduction of I^(2)affording I^(-)by S^(2-),and extremely high binding affinity between Sn_(4)^(+)and I^(-),SCU-SnS exhibit a record-breaking iodine adsorption capacity(2.12 g/g)under dynamic breakthrough conditions and the highest static capacity(6.12 g/g)among all reported inorganic adsorbents,both at 348 K.Its facile synthesis and low cost endow SCU-SnS with powerful application potential for the nuclear industry.

Investigation of suitable precursors for manganese oxide catalysts in ethyl acetate oxidation

The control of ethyl acetate emissions from fermentation and extraction processes in the pharmaceutical industry is of great importance to the environment.We have developed three Mn_(2)O_(3)catalysts by using different Mn precursors(MnCl_(2),Mn(CH_(3)COO)_(2),MnSO_(4)),named as Mn_(2)O_(3)-Cl,-Ac,-SO_(4).The tested catalytic activity results showed a sequence with Mn precursors as:Mn_(2)O_(3)-Cl>Mn_(2)O_(3)-Ac>Mn_(2)O_(3)-SO_(4).The Mn_(2)O_(3)-Cl catalyst reached a complete ethyl acetate conversion at 212℃(75℃lower than that of Mn_(2)O_(3)-SO_(4)),and this high activity 100%could be maintained high at 212℃for at least 100 hr.The characterization data about the physical properties of catalysts did not show an obvious correlation between the structure and morphology of Mn_(2)O_(3)catalysts and catalytic performance,neither was the surface area the determining factor for catalytic activity in the ethyl acetate oxidation.Here we firstly found there is a close linear relationship between the catalytic activity and the amount of lattice oxygen species in the ethyl acetate oxidation,indicating that lattice oxygen species were essential for excellent catalytic activity.Through H_(2)temperature-programmed reduction(H_(2)-TPR)results,we found that the lowest initial reduction temperature over the Mn_(2)O_(3)-Cl had stronger oxygen mobility,thus more oxygen species participated in the oxidation reaction,resulting in the highest catalytic performance.With convenient preparation,high efficiency,and stability,Mn_(2)O_(3)prepared with MnCl_(2)will be a promising catalyst for removing ethyl acetate in practical application.

Feasibility assessment of up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket treatment of sulfamethoxazole pharmaceutical wastewater

Treatment of sulfamethoxazole pharmaceutical wastewater is a big challenge.In this study,a series of anaerobic evaluation tests on pharmaceutical wastewater from different operating units was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using anaerobic digestion,and the results indicated that the key refractory factor for anaerobic treatment of this wastewater was the high sulfate concentration.A laboratory-scale up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB)reactor was operated for 195 days to investigate the effects of the influent chemical oxygen demand(COD),organic loading rate(OLR),and COD/SO_(4)^(2-) ratio on the biodegradation of sulfamethoxazole in pharmaceutical wastewater and the process performance.The electron flow indicated that methanogenesis was still the dominant reaction although sulfidogenesis was enhanced with a stepwise decrease in the influent COD/SO_(4)^(2-) ratio.For the treated sulfamethoxazole pharmaceutical wastewater,a COD of 4983 mg/L(diluted by 50%),OLR of 2.5 kg COD/(m^(3)·d),and COD/SO_(4)^(2-) ratio of more than 5 were suitable for practical applications.The recovery performance indicated that the system could resume operation quickly even if production was halted for a few days.

KDELR2 promotes breast cancer proliferation via HDAC3-mediated cell cycle progression

Background:Histone deacetylases(HDACs)engage in the regulation of various cellular processes by controlling global gene expression.The dysregulation of HDACs leads to carcinogenesis,making HDACs ideal targets for cancer therapy.However,the use of HDAC inhibitors(HDACi)as single agents has been shown to have limited success in treating solid tumors in clinical studies.This study aimed to identify a novel downstream effector of HDACs to provide a potential target for combination therapy.Methods:Transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed to screen for genes responsive toHDACi in breast cancer cells.The effects of HDACi on cell viability were detected using the MTT assay.The mRNA and protein levels of genes were determined by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR(qRT-PCR)andWestern blotting.Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry.The binding of CREB1(cAMP-response element binding protein 1)to the promoter of the KDELR(The KDEL(Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu)receptor)gene was validated by the ChIP(chromatin immunoprecipitation assay).The association between KDELR2 and protein of centriole 5(POC5)was detected by immunoprecipitation.A breast cancer-bearing mouse model was employed to analyze the effect of the HDAC3-KDELR2 axis on tumor growth.Results:KDELR2 was identified as a novel target of HDAC3,and its aberrant expression indicated the poor prognosis of breast cancer patients.We found a strong correlation between the protein expression patterns of HADC3 and KDELR2 in tumor tissues from breast cancer patients.The results of the ChIP assay and qRT-PCR analysis validated that HDAC3 transactivated KDELR2 via CREB1.The HDAC3-KDELR2 axis accelerated the cell cycle progression of cancer cells by protecting the centrosomal protein POC5 from proteasomal degradation.Moreover,the HDAC3-KDELR2 axis promoted breast cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo.Conclusion:Our results uncovered a previously unappreciated function of KDELR2 in tumorigenesis,linking a critical Golgi-the endoplasmic reticulum traffic transport protein to HDAC-controlled cell cycle progression on the path of cancer development and thus revealing a potential therapeutical target for breast cancer.

Deciphering the effect of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate on up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket treatment of synthetic sulfate-containing wastewater

In this study,the effects of organic sulfur on anaerobic biological processes were investigated by operating two up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB)reactors with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate(SDBS)as a representative of organic sulfur.The results indicated that the specific methanogenic activity(SMA)and chemical oxygen demand(COD)removal efficiency of R2(with SDBS added)were higher than those of R1(without SDBS)when the COD/SO_(4)^(2−)ratio was above 5.0.However,when the COD/SO_(4)^(2−)ratio was lower than 5.0,the sulfate reduction efficiency of R2 was higher than that of R1.These results and the observed SDBS transformation efficiency in anaerobic reactors indicate that low concentrations of SDBS accelerate methane production and the continuous accumulation of SDBS does not weaken the reduction of sulfate.Similarly,the calculated electron flux for a COD/SO_(4)^(2−)ratio of 1.0 indicates that the utilization intensity of electrons by sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB)in R2 was 36.48%higher than that of SRB in R1 and exceeded that of methane-producing archaea(MPA)under identical working conditions.Moreover,the addition of SDBS in R2 made sulfidogenesis the dominant reaction at low COD/SO_(4)^(2−),and Methanobacterium and Methanobrevibacter with H_(2)/CO_(2)as the substrate and Desulfomicrobium were the dominant MPA and SRB,respectively.However,methanogenesis was still the dominant reaction in R1,and Methanosaeta with acetic acid as the substrate and Desulfovibrio were the dominant MPA and SRB,respectively.