Survey of Knowledge Graph Approaches and Applications

With the advent of the era of big data,knowledge engineering has received extensive attention.How to extract useful knowledge from massive data is the key to big data analysis.Knowledge graph technology is an important part of artificial intelligence,which provides a method to extract structured knowledge from massive texts and images,and has broad application prospects.The knowledge base with semantic processing capability and open interconnection ability can be used to generate application value in intelligent information services such as intelligent search,intelligent question answering and personalized recommendation.Although knowledge graph has been applied to various systems,the basic theory and application technology still need further research.On the basis of comprehensively expounding the definition and architecture of knowledge graph,this paper reviews the key technologies of knowledge graph construction,including the research progress of four core technologies such as knowledge extraction technology,knowledge representation technology,knowledge fusion technology and knowledge reasoning technology,as well as some typical applications.Finally,the future development direction and challenges of the knowledge graph are prospected.

乙醇胺可作为血糖控制良好的糖尿病患者发生糖尿病视网膜病变的潜在生物标志物和基于生物标志物的防治策略

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is the leading cause of blindness among the working-age population.Although controlling blood glucose levels effectively reduces the incidence and development of DR to less than 50%,there are currently no diagnostic biomarkers or effective treatments for DR development in glucose-wellcontrolled diabetic patients(GW-DR).In this study,we established a prospective GW-DR cohort by strictly adhering to glycemic control guidelines and maintaining regular retinal examinations over a median 2-year follow-up period.The discovery cohort encompassed 71 individuals selected from a pool of 292 recruited diabetic patients at baseline,all of whom consistently maintained hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)levels below 7%without experiencing hypoglycemia.Within this cohort of 71 individuals,21 subsequently experienced new-onset GW-DR,resulting in an incidence rate of 29.6%.In the validation cohort,we also observed a significant GW-DR incidence rate of 17.9%.Employing targeted metabolomics,we investigated the metabolic characteristics of serum in GW-DR,revealing a significant association between lower levels of ethanolamine and GW-DR risk.This association was corroborated in the validation cohort,exhibiting superior diagnostic performance in distinguishing GW-DR from diabetes compared to the conventional risk factor HbA1c,with AUCs of 0.954 versus 0.506 and 0.906 versus 0.521 in the discovery and validation cohorts,respectively.Furthermore,in a streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rat model,ethanolamine attenuated diabetic retinal inflammation,accompanied by suppression of microglial diacylglycerol(DAG)-dependent protein kinase C(PKC)pathway activation.In conclusion,we propose that ethanolamine is a potential biomarker and represents a viable biomarker-based therapeutic option for GW-DR.

Metabolomic profiling reveals decreased serum cysteine levels during gestational diabetes mellitus progression

Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a pregnancy-related metabolic disorder associated with short-term and long-term adverse health outcomes,but its pathogenesis has not been clearly elucidated.Investigations of the dynamic changes in metabolomic markers in different trimesters may reveal the underlying pathophysiology of GDM progression.Therefore,in the present study,we analysed the metabolic profiles of 75 women with GDM and 75 women with normal glucose tolerance throughout the three trimesters.We found that the variation trends of 38 metabolites were significantly changed during GDM development.Specifically,longitudinal analyses revealed that cysteine(Cys)levels significantly decreased over the course of GDM progression.Further study showed that Cys alleviated GDM in female mice at gestational day 14.5,possibly by inhibiting phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase to suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis.Taken together,these findings suggest that the Cys metabolism pathway might play a crucial role in GDM and Cys supplementation represents a potential new treatment strategy for GDM patients.

Composite multiscale coherence and application to functionalcorticomuscular coupling

Though coherence, a classical method to describe the linear correlation between two time series, has wideranging applications, from economics to neuroscience, it fails to illustrate the inherently multi-time scalesbased correlations. In this paper, we proposed a multiscale-like coherence model, defined as composite multiscalecoherence (CMSC) by combining the kth coarse-grain processing with the coherence. We made a comparison withthe multiscale coherence (MSC) with coarse-grain process in numerical data to compare the sensitivity profiles tothe coupling strength, data length and white Gaussian noise. After that, we applied the proposed model to explorethe functional corticomuscular coupling (FCMC) by analyzing the correlation between the EEG and EMG signals.Simulation results reflected that the CMSC method were sensitive to the coupling strength, data length and thewhite Gaussian noise, and presented more stability along the time scale compared to the MSC method. Ourapplication of CMSC methods on the EEG and EMG signals indicated that the FCMC was of multi-time scalecharacteristics and higher coherence mainly consisted in the alpha and beta bands at about scale 10, thoughsignificant area showed a gradual decline with the scale increasing. Further comparison indicated that bothmodels are equally effective to describe the multiscale characteristics of the FCMC at lower time scales, whilesome differences emerge at the high time scales. Both simulation and experimental data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed multiscale-like model to describe the multiscale correlation between two time series. Thisstudy extends the relative researches on the FCMC to the multi-time scale.

Metamorphism and Oceanic Crust Exhumation——Constrained by the Jilang Eclogite and Meta-Quartzite from the Sumdo (U) HP Metamorphic Belt

The Sumdo eclogite-bearing (U)HP metamorphic belt extends over 100 km across the middle part of the Lhasa terrane in southern Tibet, which forms a Permian-Triassic oceanic subduction zone between the south and the north Lhasa sub-terranes, leading to the reinterpretation of the tectonic evolution of the Lhasa terrane in the Tibetan-Himalayan orogeny. Previous studies show that there are significant differences in temperature and pressure conditions of the eclogites in four areas, e.g., Sumdo, Xindaduo, Bailang and Jilang areas. Studying the peak metamorphic P-T conditions and path of eclogite in the Sumdo belt is of great significance to reveal the subduction and exhumation mechanism of Paleo-Tethys Ocean in the Lhasa terrane. In this contribution, eclogite in the Jilang area of the Sumdo belt is chosen as an example to study its metamorphic evolution. The mineral assemblage of the eclogite is garnet, omphacite, phengite, hornblende, epidote, quartz and minor biotite. Garnet has a “dirty" core with abundant inclusions such as epidote, amphibole, plagioclase and a “clear" rim with few inclusions of omphacite and phengite.From the core to the rim, pyrope content in garnet increases while grossular content decreases, showing typical growth zoning. The rim of garnet is wrapped by the pargasite+plagioclase corona, showing amphibolite facies overprint during retrogression. Three stages of metamorphism are inferred as (1) prograde stage, represented by the core of garnet and mineral inclusions therein;(2) peak stage, represented by the garnet rim, omphacite, lawsonite, phengite, and quartz;(3) retrograde stage characterized by decomposition of lawsonite to zoisite, followed by symplectite of omphacite and corona rimmed garnet. A P-T pseudosection contoured with isopleths of grossular and pyrope contents in garnet is used to constrain the near peak P-T condition at 2.85 GPa, 575 °C. In general, the Jilang eclogite shows a clockwise P-T path with a near isothermal decompression process during exhumation. Combined with the age peaks of 583, 911, and 1 134 Ma from the detrital zircons of the country metaquartzite, a continental margin material involving exhumation process at shallow depth after the subduction channel exhumation is inferred for the Jilang eclogite and may further indicate that the subduction direction of the Sumdo eclogite belt is from north to south.

Preface: Introduction of IGCP 649 Project——Diamonds and Recycled Mantle

This special issue is attributed to the IGCP-649 Project. The IGCP-649 Project “Diamonds and Recycled Mantle” is an International Geosciences Program sponsored by UNESCO (the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) and IUGS (International Union of Geological Sciences), is a global research project, aimed to carry out extensive and systematic research on peridotites, chromitites and related ma-terials such as diamond, moissanite and other unusual minerals, from different ophiolites in global orogenic belts, in order to understand the formation and origin of deep-mantle minerals in oceanic lithosphere, the origin of carbon for the ophiolitehosted diamonds, the evolution of Earth's mantle and the dy-namic process of ophiolite emplacement.

Photodegradation of amoxicillin by catalyzed Fe^(3+)/H_2O_2 process

Three oxidation processes of UV-Fe3＋（EDTA）/H2O2（UV：ultraviolet light;EDTA：ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid）,UV-Fe3＋/H2O2 and Fe3＋/H2O2 were simultaneously investigated for the degradation of amoxicillin at pH 7.0.The results indicated that,100% amoxicillin degradation and 81.9% chemical oxygen demand（CODCr） removal could be achieved in the UV-Fe3＋（EDTA）/H2O2 process.The treatment efficiency of amoxicillin and CODCr removal were found to decrease to 59.0% and 43.0% in the UV-Fe3＋/H2O2 process;39.6% and 31.3% in the Fe3＋/H2O2 process.Moreover,the results of biodegradability（biological oxygen demand（BOD5）/CODCr ratio） revealed that the UV-Fe3＋（EDTA）/H2O2 process was a promising strategy to degrade amoxicillin as the biodegradability of the effuent was improved to 0.45,compared with the cases of UV-Fe3＋/H2O2（0.25） and Fe3＋/H2O2（0.10） processes.Therefore,it could be deduced that EDTA and UV light performed synergetic catalytic effect on the Fe3＋/H2O2 process,enhancing the treatment efficiency.The degradation mechanisms were also investigated via UV-Vis spectra,and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectra.The degradation pathway of amoxicillin was further proposed.

基于免疫印迹定量分析的总蛋白提取方法比较

[目的]基于改良的对比蛋白提取结果的方法,探讨两种不同总蛋白提取方法对不同丰度蛋白提取得率的影响。[方法]小胶质细胞株N9总蛋白及商品化预染蛋白标准品,行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE),三种常用图像软件定量免疫印迹结果,比较线性相关系数R^2;选择R^2值最高的软件,灰密度定量不同丰度p-IκBα经RIPA裂解液法和Minute试剂盒法蛋白提取后免疫印迹检测的p-IκBα蛋白得率。[结果]三种软件定量分析同一免疫印迹结果显示,Image Studio Lite的上样量与条带灰密度值的R^2最大(R^2=0.998);运用Image Studio Lite定量免疫印迹检测p-IκBα高丰度组,发现使用RIPA裂解液法比Minute法的p-IκBα提取得率高出7.5%,而p-IκBα低丰度组,前者p-IκBα的得率只有后者的41%,差异显著(P<0.05)。[结论]Minute试剂盒法在免疫印迹检测中对低丰度蛋白具有高提取得率的优越性。

Theoretical Study on the Hydrogen Bonding Interactions in Complexes of 5-Hydroxytryptamine with Water

The energies, geometries and harmonic vibrational frequencies of 1 ： 1 5-hydroxytryptamine-water （5-HT-H20） complexes are studied at the MP2/6-311 ＋ ＋ G（d,p） level. Natural bond orbital （NBO）, quantum theory of atoms in molecules （QTAIM） analyses and the localized molecular orbital energy decomposition analysis （LMO-EDA） were performed to explore the nature of the hydrogen-bonding interactions in these complexes. Various types of hydro- gen bonds （H-bonds） are formed in these 5-HT-H20 complexes. The intermolecular C4H55HT＇＂Ow H-bond in HTW3 is strengthened due to the cooperativity, whereas no such cooperativity is found in the other 5-HT-H20 complexes. H-bond in which nitrogen atom of amino in 5-HT acted as proton donors was stronger than other H-bonds. Our researches show that the hydrogen bonding interaction plays a vital role on the relative stabilities of 5-HT-H20 complexes.