Superiority of a Convolutional Neural Network Model over Dynamical Models in Predicting Central Pacific ENSO

The application of deep learning is fast developing in climate prediction,in which El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO),as the most dominant disaster-causing climate event,is a key target.Previous studies have shown that deep learning methods possess a certain level of superiority in predicting ENSO indices.The present study develops a deep learning model for predicting the spatial pattern of sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs)in the equatorial Pacific by training a convolutional neural network(CNN)model with historical simulations from CMIP6 models.Compared with dynamical models,the CNN model has higher skill in predicting the SSTAs in the equatorial western-central Pacific,but not in the eastern Pacific.The CNN model can successfully capture the small-scale precursors in the initial SSTAs for the development of central Pacific ENSO to distinguish the spatial mode up to a lead time of seven months.A fusion model combining the predictions of the CNN model and the dynamical models achieves higher skill than each of them for both central and eastern Pacific ENSO.

Experimental study on the mitigation effect of mangroves during tsunami wave propagation

Mangroves are crucial for protecting coastal areas against extreme disasters such as tsunamis and storm surges.An experimental study was conducted to determine how mangroves can mitigate the tsunami wave propagation.The test was performed in a flume, where mangrove models were installed on a slope, and dam-burst waves were used to simulate tsunami waves. To study how mangrove forests reduce the impact of tsunamis, this paper measured the heights of the incoming waves under different initial conditions(tsunami wave intensity and initial water depth) and plant factors(arrangement and distribution density) and described the reduction process. The results show that, after passing through the mangrove, the tsunami bore height will decrease within a certain range as the initial water depth increases. However, there is no correlation between the increase of inundation level and the drop of water level. The bore height attenuation is more significant at higher density of mangroves,but after tsunami passing through the mangroves, the relative bore height will decrease. When the distribution density of mangroves is constant, the wave attenuation at different locations(before, on and after the slope)shows different relationships with the initial water depth and wave height for different models. The transmission coefficient(K_(i)) shows a parabolic correlation with its density. The proportion of the energy loss caused by the mangrove resistance to the total energy(E_(b)) is defined as C_(m2). The variation trend of C_(m2) corresponds to the tsunami wave energy attenuation rate(C_(a)) and K_(i).

双克隆淋巴浆细胞淋巴瘤5例报道并文献复习

目的探讨双克隆型淋巴浆细胞淋巴瘤(lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma,LPL)的临床特征及诊疗疗效。方法收集1993年6月至2017年10月就诊于中国医学科学院血液病医院5例双克隆型LPL患者的临床资料并进行分析。结果5例患者中男性4例、女性1例。3例为华氏巨球蛋白血症国际预后指数(ISSWM)分期高危患者,4例患者表达免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和免疫球蛋白M(IgM),3例患者表达不同类型轻链。5例患者的血清免疫固定电泳均为双克隆,骨髓均可见异常淋巴细胞及浆细胞浸润。5例患者确诊双克隆LPL后,2例CD20阳性者接受利妥昔单抗为基础的化疗方案、1例伊布替尼口服治疗、1例苯达莫司汀治疗效果不佳改用沙利度胺+地塞米松+环磷酰胺(TCD)治疗、1例使用司莫司汀+环磷酰胺+马法兰+地塞米松+长春新碱(M2)化疗。5例患者中4例达到微小缓解(minimal response,MR)及以上疗效,中位随访时间为44.1个月,中位无进展生存期(median progression-free survival,mPFS)为52.4个月,中位总生存期(median overall survival,mOS)为52.4个月。截至2022年5月随访结束,2例患者部分缓解(partial response,PR),2例患者死亡。结论双克隆LPL非常罕见,对该疾病的临床特征、诊断、治疗转归及预后尚缺乏深刻一致的认识,仍需更多的临床病例总结分析。

Osteoarthritis:toward a comprehensive understanding of pathological mechanism

Osteoarthritis(OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease and a major cause of pain and disability in adult individuals. The etiology of OA includes joint injury, obesity, aging, and heredity. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of OA initiation and progression remain poorly understood and, currently,there are no interventions available to restore degraded cartilage or decelerate disease progression. The diathrodial joint is a complicated organ and its function is to bear weight, perform physical activity and exhibit a joint-specific range of motion during movement. During OA development, the entire joint organ is affected, including articular cartilage, subchondral bone, synovial tissue and meniscus. A full understanding of the pathological mechanism of OA development relies on the discovery of the interplaying mechanisms among different OA symptoms, including articular cartilage degradation, osteophyte formation, subchondral sclerosis and synovial hyperplasia, and the signaling pathway(s) controlling these pathological processes.

修订的国际分期系统（R-ISS）对初诊多发性骨髓瘤患者预后评估价值及局限性

目的:探讨修订的国际分期系统(revised international staging system,R-ISS)在真实世界中对初诊多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)患者预后评估价值及局限性。方法:回顾性分析2002年6月至2017年11月中国医学科学院血液病医院新诊断的568例MM患者临床资料。所有患者均接受基于硼替佐米或沙利度胺/来那度胺为主的方案诱导治疗≥4个疗程。以ISS分期为对照,分析R-ISS分期的预后意义。考虑到R-ISSⅡ期的MM患者之间存在较大的异质性,本研究将R-ISSⅡ期患者分成四组:第1组患者ISSⅠ期伴有乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)水平升高或高危遗传学异常;第2组患者ISSⅡ期无LDH水平升高及高危遗传学异常;第3组患者ISSⅡ期伴有LDH水平升高或高危遗传学异常;第4组患者ISSⅢ期无LDH水平升高和高危遗传学异常。在此分组条件下对这部分患者进行生存分析。结果:568例MM患者中,男性347例,女性221例,中位发病年龄56(25~83)岁,中位随访33(4~203)个月。采用R-ISS分期,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期患者分别为59例(12%)、310例(62%)、130例(26%),中位总体生存(median overall survival,mOS)时间分别为142、86和40个月(χ~2=29.588,P<0.001);采用ISS分期,Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ期患者分别为106例(19%)、210例(37%)和252例(44%),mOS时间分别为142、71和40个月(χ~2=22.099,P<0.001)。采用Cox回归分析,ISS分期Ⅲ期对Ⅰ期HR=2.903,P<0.001,ISS分期Ⅱ期对Ⅰ期HR=1.985,P=0.005;而R-ISS分期Ⅲ期对Ⅰ期HR=5.441,P<0.001,R-ISS分期Ⅱ期对Ⅰ期HR=2.844,P=0.003。R-ISS分期Ⅱ期的4组患者的mOS时间分别为126、83、49(95%CI:33~65)、65(95%CI:44~86)个月(P=0.131)。总体上,四组OS无显著性差异,但是第2组和第3组OS相比呈显著性差异(χ~2=4.916,P=0.027)。结论:R-ISS分期相对于ISS分期能够更好地区分MM患者预后。对于有髓外浸润、有1q21扩增、不同年龄分组(年龄≥65岁和年龄<65岁)、不同治疗方案(硼替佐米治疗组及沙利度胺治疗组)、不同染色体倍数(低二倍体、非低二倍体)的患者OS均具有较高的预后判断价值。但R-ISS分期同为Ⅱ期患者的生存情况仍存在差异,需要临床上予以重视。

Serum LDH level may predict outcome of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with a 17p deletion： a retrospective analysis of prognostic factors in China

Objective:This study aims to evaluate the natural history of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL)and a 17p deletion(17p-)and identify the predictive factors within this subgroup.Methods:The sample of patients with CLL were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization for deletions in chromosome bands 11q22,13q14 and 17p13;trisomy of bands 12q13;and translocation involving band 14q32.The data from 456 patients with or without a 17p-were retrospectively collected and analyzed.Results:The overall response rate(ORR)in patients with a 17p-was 56.9%,and patients with a high percentage of 17p-(defined as more than 25%of cells harbouring a 17p-)had a lower ORR.The median overall survival(OS)in patients with a 17p-was 78.0 months,which was significantly shorter than the OS in patients without this genetic abnormality(median 162.0 months,P<0.001).Within the subgroup with a 17p-,the progression-free survival was significantly shorter in patients at Binet stage B-C and patients with elevated lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),B symptoms,unmutated IGHV and a high percentage of 17p-.Conclusions:These results indicated that patients with a 17p-CLL have a variable prognosis that might be predicted using simple clinical and laboratory characteristics.

Activation of β-catenin signaling in aggrecan-expressing cells in temporomandibular joint causes osteoarthritis-like defects

β-Catenin plays a critical role in cartilage formation and development. To further understand the role of β-catenin in osteoarthritis(OA) development in temporomandibular joint(TMJ), we have generated β-catenin conditional activation mice(β-cat(ex3)^(Agc1CreER))by breeding Agc1-CreER mice with β-catenin^(flox(ex3)/+)mice. Results of histologic analysis showed the progressive TMJ defects in 3-and 6-month-old β-cat(ex3)^(Agc1CreER)mice(tamoxifen induction was performed at 2 weeks of age), including decreased chondrocyte numbers in the superficial layer associated with less Alcian blue staining, increased numbers of hypertrophic chondrocytes in deep layers, and rough articular surface. Compared to the TMJ phenotype of β-cat(ex3)^(Col2CreER)mice, β-cat(ex3)^(Agc1CreER)mice showed much severe morphological defects in the superficial layer of TMJ. This may reflect that Agc1-CreER mice could efficiently target cells in the superficial layer of TMJ. Results of immunostaining showed significantly increased expression of MMP13, Col-X, Adamts4,and Adamts5 in TMJ of β-cat(ex3)^(Agc1CreER)mice. Results of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), Ki67, and terminal deoxinucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP-fluorescein nick end labeling(TUNEL) staining further demonstrated that cell proliferation was decreased and cell apoptosis was increased in condylar cartilage of β-cat(ex3)^(Agc1CreER)mice. Our findings indicate that abnormal upregulation of β-catenin in TMJ leads to defects assembling to OA-like phenotype, further demonstrating that β-catenin plays a critical role in TMJ pathogenesis.

CHIP regulates bone mass by targeting multiple TRAF family members in bone marrow stromal cells

Carboxyl terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein(CHIP or STUB1) is an E3 ligase and regulates the stability of several proteins which are involved in different cellular functions. Our previous studies demonstrated that Chip deficient mice display bone loss phenotype due to increased osteoclast formation through enhancing TRAF6 activity in osteoclasts. In this study we provide novel evidence about the function of CHIP. We found that osteoblast differentiation and bone formation were also decreased in Chip KO mice. In bone marrow stromal(BMS) cells derived from Chip^(-/-) mice, expression of a panel of osteoblast marker genes was significantly decreased. ALP activity and mineralized bone matrix formation were also reduced in Chip-deficient BMS cells. We also found that in addition to the regulation of TRAF6, CHIP also inhibits TNFα-induced NF-κB signaling through promoting TRAF2 and TRAF5 degradation. Specific deletion of Chip in BMS cells downregulated expression of osteoblast marker genes which could be reversed by the addition of NF-κB inhibitor. These results demonstrate that the osteopenic phenotype observed in Chip^(-/-) mice was due to the combination of increased osteoclast formation and decreased osteoblast differentiation. Taken together, our findings indicate a significant role of CHIP in bone remodeling.

Extraction optimization of insecticidal compounds from Lysurus mokusin by response surface methodology

We optimized the extraction process of Lysurus mokusin(L.)Fr.insecticidal compound(LMIC)using response surface methodology with ultrasonic extraction(UE).The surface morphologies of maceration extract(ME)and UE residues were compared by scanning electron microscopy,and then the activity of LMIC on Lymantria dispar(Asian gypsy moths)larvae was determined.Results showed that the optimal condition of UE was followed by 80 min of extraction time,60%of ethanol concentration and 80 mL g^-1 of liquid–solid ratio.The surface morphologies of UE residue were looser and rougher than ME residue.The corrected mortalities of LMIC on L.dispar larvae was 59.77%.This result indicated that L.mokusin was a good candidate as pesticide for pest management.

14例慢性淋巴细胞白血病合并自身免疫性溶血性贫血患者的临床特征及预后分析

目的:探讨慢性淋巴细胞白血病(chronic lymphocytic leukemia,CLL)合并自身免疫性溶血性贫血(autoimmune hemolytic anemia,AIHA)的临床特征、治疗方案及疗效。方法:回顾性分析1989年1月至2013年12月中国医学科学院血液病医院确诊的14例CLL合并AIHA患者的临床资料。结果:14例CLL合并AIHA的患者中,其中男性11例,女性3例,中位年龄57.5(42.0~69.0)岁。B症状4例(28.6%),贫血9例(64.3%),乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)增高10例(71.4%)。针对AIHA进行治疗后,14例患者中可评价疗效者9例,β2-微球蛋白水平增高9例(100%),免疫球蛋白重链可变区(immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region,IGHV)无突变3例(37.5%)。总有效(overall response rate,ORR)率为100%(9/9),完全缓解(complete response,CR)为6例(66.7%),部分缓解(partial response,PR)为3例(33.3%)。针对CLL进行治疗后,14例患者中可评价疗效者11例,ORR为63.6%(7/11),CR为3例(27.3%),PR为4例(36.4%),疾病稳定(stable disease,SD)为3例(27.3%),疾病进展(progressive disease,PD)为1例(9.1%)。有长期随访资料的11例患者中,中位无进展生存期(median progression-free survival,mPFS)为69(4~120)个月,中位总生存期(median overall survival,mOS)为75(4~128)个月。5年无进展生存(progression-free survival,PFS)率为(62.3±15.0)%,10年PFS率为(18.7±15.5)%,5年总生存(overall survival,OS)率为(80.0±12.6)%,10年OS率为(24.0±19.5)%。结论:AIHA为CLL的常见并发症,可在疾病不同阶段出现。糖皮质激素及美罗华联合化疗疗效较好,新型靶向药物具有良好的应用前景。

20例伴MYC BCL2和(或)BCL6重排的高级别B细胞淋巴瘤患者的临床特征及预后分析

目的:分析伴MYC、BCL2和(或)BCL6重排的高级别B细胞淋巴瘤(high-grade B-cell lymphoma,HGBL-DH/TH)患者的临床特点、治疗及预后。方法:回顾性分析2015年1月至2020年11月在中国医学科学院血液病医院诊治的20例HGBLDH/TH患者临床、病理资料及治疗转归。结果:20例患者中位年龄52(23~68)岁,男性占55%。75%患者Ann Arbor分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期,80%伴有结外侵犯,75%乳酸脱氢酶水平升高。所有患者诱导治疗最佳客观缓解率(objective response rate,ORR)和完全缓解率(complete response,CR)分别为75%和60%,中位随访27.7(3.8~74.6)个月,2年无进展生存(progression-free survival,PFS)率和总生存(overall survival,OS)率分别为55.0%和59.1%。局限期患者疗效优于进展期患者,两组最佳ORR分别为100.0%和61.5%,2年OS率分别为100.0%和45.7%。诱导治疗获得首次CR(first complete response,CR1)的12例患者中,除1例早期复发外均维持持续缓解状态(continuous complete response,CCR),其OS明显优于未达CR患者(P<0.001),2年OS率分别为91.7%和25.0%。复发或难治性(refractory/relapsed,R/R)患者预后极差,8例患者中仅1例挽救治疗获得CCR,其余7例患者均因疾病进展死亡。结论:本研究显示HGBL-DH/TH具有Ann Arbor分期晚、结外侵犯常见、LDH水平异常、总生存期短等特点。局限期相对进展期患者疗效更好。CR1患者生存良好,而R/R患者缺乏有效的挽救治疗,预后较差。

毛细胞白血病和毛细胞白血病变异型患者免疫球蛋白重链可变区基因分子特征分析

目的:本研究归纳毛细胞白血病(hairy cell leukemia,HCL)和毛细胞白血病变异型(hairy cell leukemia-variant,HCL-v)患者免疫球蛋白重链可变区(immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region,IGHV)基因分子特征,并探讨其与临床特征及预后的相关性。方法:回顾性分析2004年12月至2020年1月在中国医学科学院血液病医院完善IGHV检测的29例HCL患者和15例HCL-v患者临床和生存资料。结果:44例患者共检测出23种重排片段,VH4和VH4-34分别是两种疾病最常见的V区基因家族和重排片段。HCL和HCL-v患者中IGHV为突变状态的比例分别为72.4%和66.7%,发生VH4-34重排(VH4-34 rearrangement,VH4-34+)的患者IGHV突变率更低(P<0.001)。在HCL中,使用VH1基因家族患者脾大发生率更低(P=0.041);而VH4-34+或IGHV未突变状态(IGHV-unmutated,IGHV-UM)的患者具有更高的乳酸脱氢酶(VH4-34+P=0.049,IGHV-UM P=0.022)和β2微球蛋白(VH4-34+P=0.039,IGHV-UM P=0.036)水平,且VH4-34+患者BRAF V600E突变率更低(20%vs.85%,P=0.012)。单因素预后分析显示,VH4-34+是HCL患者无进展生存(progression-free survival,PFS)(P=0.001)和总生存(P=0.004)的不良预后因素,IGHV-UM则为HCL-v患者PFS(P=0.038)的危险因素。结论:HCL和HCL-v患者对VH4基因家族及VH4-34存在偏向性使用,VH4-34+和IGHV-UM间存在明显共现性。在HCL中,VH4-34+与高肿瘤负荷及更差生存相关,而IGHV-UM是HCL-v患者PFS的危险因素。

Miniaturized retractable thin-film sensor for wearable multifunctional respiratory monitoring

As extremely important physiological indicators,respiratory signals can often reflect or predict the depth and urgency of various diseases.However,designing a wearable respiratory monitoring system with convenience,excellent durability,and high precision is still an urgent challenge.Here,we designed an easy-fabricate,lightweight,and badge reel-like retractable selfpowered sensor(RSPS)with high precision,sensitivity,and durability for continuous detection of important indicators such as respiratory rate,apnea,and respiratory ventilation.By using three groups of interdigital electrode structures with phase differences,combined with flexible printed circuit boards(FPCBs)processing technology,a miniature rotating thin-film triboelectric nanogenerator(RTF-TENG)was developed.Based on discrete sensing technology,the RSPS has a sensing resolution of 0.13 mm,sensitivity of 7 P·mm^(−1),and durability more than 1 million stretching cycles,with low hysteresis and excellent anti-environmental interference ability.Additionally,to demonstrate its wearability,real-time,and convenience of respiratory monitoring,a multifunctional wearable respiratory monitoring system(MWRMS)was designed.The MWRMS demonstrated in this study is expected to provide a new and practical strategy and technology for daily human respiratory monitoring and clinical diagnosis.

miR-204 ameliorates osteoarthritis pain by inhibiting SP1-LRP1 signaling and blocking neuro-cartilage interaction

Osteoarthritis(OA)is a painful degenerative joint disease and is the leading cause of chronic disability among elderly individuals.To improve the quality of life for patients with OA,the primary goal for OA treatment is to relieve the pain.During OA progression,nerve ingrowth was observed in synovial tissue and articular cartilage.These abnormal neonatal nerves act as nociceptors to detect OA pain signals.The molecular mechanisms for transmitting OA pain in the joint tissues to the central nerve system(CNS)is currently unknown.MicroRNA miR-204 has been demonstrated to maintain the homeostasis of joint tissues and have chondro-protective effect on OA pathogenesis.However,the role of miR-204 in OA pain has not been determined.In this study,we investigated interactions between chondrocytes and neural cells and evaluated the effect and mechanism of miR-204 delivered by exosome in the treatment of OA pain in an experimental OA mouse model.Our findings demonstrated that miR-204 could protect OA pain by inhibition of SP1-LDL Receptor Related Protein 1(LRP1)signaling and blocking neuro-cartilage interaction in the joint.Our studies defined novel molecular targets for the treatment of OA pain.

Benefit of rituximab maintenance is associated with Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index in patients with follicular lymphoma

Rituximab maintenance(RM)prolongs the progression-free survival(PFS)of responding patients with follicular lymphoma(FL),but the maintenance efficacy in different Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index(FLIPI)risk group is still confusing.We performed a retrospective analysis of the effect of RM treatments in patients with FL responding to induction therapy based on their FLIPI risk assessment carried out prior to treatment.We identified 93 patients between 2013 and 2019 who received RM every 3 months for≥4 doses(RM group),and 60 patients who did not accept RM or received rituximab less than 4 doses(control group).After a median follow-up of 39 months,neither median overall survival(OS)nor PFS was reached for the entire population.The PFS was significantly prolonged in the RM group compared to the control group(median PFS NA vs 83.1 months,P=.00027).When the population was divided into the 3 FLIPI risk groups,the PFS differed significantly(4-year PFS rates,97.5%vs 88.8%vs 72.3%,P=.01)according to group.There was no significant difference in PFS for FLIPI low-risk patients with RM compared to the control group(4-year PFS rates,100%vs 93.8%,P=.23).However,the PFS of the RM group was significantly prolonged for FLIPI intermediate-risk(4-year PFS rates,100%vs 70.3%,P=.00077)and high-risk patients(4-year PFS rates,86.7%vs 57.1%,P=.023).These data suggest that standard RM significantly prolongs the PFS of patients assigned to intermediate-and high-risk FLIPI groups but not to low-risk FLIPI group,and pending larger-scale studies to validate.

Cytogenetic aberrations of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/ Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia in Chinese patients

To the Editor:As a rare indolent B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma,lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia(LPL/WM)has unique clinical and biological characteristics.[1]However,due to the difficulties in obtaining tumor metaphase for karyotyping and slow cell proliferation,only very few studies have detected the cytogenetic aberration of LPL/WM.[2,3]In addition,6q deletion is the most common cytogenetic aberration in WM,with an incidence rate of about 50%.[2]Nevertheless,other cytogenetic aberrations remain largely unclear,and the prognostic role of cytogenetic aberrations needs to be further explored.In the present study,we systematically analyzed 305 LPL/WM cases in China,focusing on the characteristics and cytogenetic aberrations in Chinese patients.

Exosome miRNAs profiling in serum and prognostic evaluation in patients with multiple myeloma

MicroRNAs(MiRNAs)carried by exosomes play pivotal roles in the crosstalk between cell components in the tumor microenvironment.Our study aimed at identifying the expression profile of exosomal miRNAs(exo-miRNAs)in the serum of multiple myeloma(MM)patients and investigating the regulation networks and their potential functions by integrated bioinformatics analysis.Exosomes in serum from 19 newly diagnosed MM patients and 9 healthy donors were isolated and the miRNA profile was investigated by small RNA sequencing.Differential expression of exo-miRNAs was calculated and target genes of miRNAs were predicted.CytoHubba was applied to identify the hub miRNAs and core target genes.The LASSO Cox regression model was used to develop the prognostic model,and the ESTIMATE immune score was calculated to investigate the correlation between the model and immune status in MM patients.The top six hub differentially expressed serum exo-miRNAs were identified.513 target genes of the six hub exo-miRNAs were confirmed to be differentially expressed in MM cells in the Zhan Myeloma microarray dataset.Functional enrichment analysis indicated that these target genes were mainly involved in mRNA splicing,cellular response to stress,and deubiquitination.13 core exo-miRNA target genes were applied to create a novel prognostic signature to provide risk stratification for MM patients,which is associated with the immune microenvironment of MM patients.Our study comprehensively investigated the exo-miRNA profiles in MM patients.A novel prognostic signature was constructed to facilitate the risk stratification of MM patients with distinct outcomes.

A heuristic mixed real-time task allocation of virtual utilization in multi-core processor

Multi-core processor is widely used as the running platform for safety-critical real-time systems such as spacecraft,and various types of real-time tasks are dynamically added at runtime.In order to improve the utilization of multi-core processors and ensure the real-time performance of the system,it is necessary to adopt a reasonable real-time task allocation method,but the existing methods are only for single-core processors or the performance is too low to be applicable.Aiming at the task allocation problem when mixed real-time tasks are dynamically added,we propose a heuristic mixed real-time task allocation algorithm of virtual utilization VU-WF(Virtual Utilization Worst Fit)in multi-core processor.First,a 4-tuple task model is established to describe the fixedpoint task and the sporadic task in a unified manner.Then,a VDS(Virtual Deferral Server)for serving execution requests of fixed-point task is constructed and a schedulability test of the mixed task set is derived.Finally,combined with the analysis of VDS's capacity,VU-WF is proposed,which selects cores in ascending order of virtual utilization for the schedulability test.Experiments show that the overall performance of VU-WF is better than available algorithms,not only has a good schedulable ratio and load balancing but also has the lowest runtime overhead.In a 4-core processor,compared with available algorithms of the same schedulability ratio,the load balancing is improved by 73.9%,and the runtime overhead is reduced by 38.3%.In addition,we also develop a visual multi-core mixed task scheduling simulator RT-MCSS(open source)to facilitate the design and verification of multi-core scheduling for users.As the high performance,VU-WF can be widely used in resource-constrained and safety-critical real-time systems,such as spacecraft,self-driving cars,industrial robots,etc.

2D/2D Bi_(2)MoO_(6)/g-C_(3)N_(4) S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst with enhanced visible-light activity by Au loading

A novel 2D/2D Bi_(2)MoO_(6)/g-C_(3)N_(4) step-scheme(S-scheme)composite by loading Au as cocatalyst was successfully fabricated using a photoreduction and hydrothermal route.The obtained Bi_(2)MoO_(6)/g-C_(3)N_(4)/Au photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscope(TEM),X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy(XPS),UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra(UV–vis),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),photoluminescence(PL),photocurrent response(I-t),and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The HRTEM images revealed that an intimate interface in composites were formed.The optimum photocatalytic activity of Rhodamine B degradation over Bi_(2)MoO_(6)/g-C_(3)N_(4)/Au was about 9.7 times and 13.1 times as high as those of Bi_(2)MoO_(6) and g-C_(3)N_(4),respectively.The notably improved photocatalytic activity of Bi_(2)MoO_(6)/g-C_(3)N_(4)/Au could be mainly ascribed to the abundant active sites and the enhanced separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers in Bi_(2)MoO_(6)/g-C_(3)N_(4) S-scheme system.Notably,Au nanoparticles could act as a co-catalyst to further promote electron transfer and separation from the conduction band of g-C_(3)N_(4).Additionally,a possible step-scheme photocatalytic reaction mechanism of Rh B degradation over Bi_(2)MoO_(6)/g-C_(3)N_(4)/Au was tentatively proposed.PL and transient photocurrent analysis implied that Bi_(2)MoO_(6)/g-C_(3)N_(4)/Au photocatalysts possessed the lower recombination rate of photogenerated carriers compared with pure Bi_(2) MoO_(6) and g-C_(3)N_(4),respectively.The present work is expected to provide useful information in designing 2D/2D S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts.

Association of creatine kinase with Alzheimer’s disease pathology:A cross-sectional study

To the Editor:Creatine kinase(CK),also called creatine phosphokinase,is primarily located in the cytoplasm and mitochondria.It can be used to diagnose cardiac diseases such as myocardial infarction,viral myocarditis,and pericarditis because it is a vital kinase directly related to intracellular energy operation,muscle contraction,and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)regeneration.Several studies have confirmed in recent years that serum biomarkers such as elevated CK are associated with Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and its related pathological protein.[1]Previous research indicated that systemic conditions,particularly cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,are significant risk factors for cognitive impairment,and dysfunction of peripheral organs may also contribute to cognitive decline and AD.[2]However,the connection between CK and AD remains unknown.Therefore,to investigate the association between CK and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)AD pathology biomarkers,we analyzed data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative(ADNI),a global multi-centered database.