Evaluation on Climate Suitability in Main Growth Stages of Zhaotong Apple in Recent 60 Years

Based on daily average temperature,precipitation and sunshine hours during 1961-2018 from two meteorological stations of Zhaoyang District and Ludian County at Zhaolubazi,Zhaotong City,Yunnan Province,using the freezing injury index at flowering stage(Ha),climatic suitability index during expansion period(Pa),climatic suitability index during coloring period(Dy)and climatic suitability index during fruit growing period(Si),etc.,the climatic suitability of Zhaotong apple during the main growth stages was evaluated.The results showed that the annual average temperature was 11.8-12.3℃at Zhaolu Bazi in recent 60 years,and the climate was the most suitable for Fuji apple planting both in the south and north;the average annual precipitation was 674.8-852.6 mm,and the climate was suitable in the north and sub-suitable in the south;the annual average sunshine hours was between 1845.4 and 1851.1 h,and the climate was sub-suitable in both areas.The Ha was between 0.42-0.50,serious in the north and moderate in the south;the Pa was between 0.92 and 1.02,and both the south and the north were suitable areas;the Dy was between 0.95 and 1.00,and the climate in the south was suitable,while it was sub-suitable in the north;the Si was between 1.38 and 1.59,and the climate was suitable in the south and sub-suitable in the north.There was a 4-year cycle in the interannual variation of Ha,Pa,Dy and Si.After the 1980s,the Ha decreased by 0.56-0.59,the Pa,Dy and Si respectively increased by 0.10-0.16,0.14-0.15 and 0.78-0.84 with the temperature rise,and the changes of these four indexes were all favorable for Fuji apple's fruits growth.It can be seen that under the background of the global warming,the climatic conditions in Zhaolu Bazi are becoming more and more favorable for popularizing the planting of Fuji apple.

Anti-inflammatory properties of Fu brick tea water extract contribute to the improvement of diarrhea in mice

Fu brick tea,a special kind of dark tea fermented dominantly by Eurotium cristatum,is traditionally used for diarrhea therapy in China.However,limited reports are available on the anti-diarrhea of Fu brick tea water extract(FTE)and its potential mechanisms.In the present study,the treatment effects of FTE on the senna-induced diarrhea in mice were investigated.We found that FTE effectively improved diarrhea index and inhibited gut peristalsis.Additionally,histopathological examination revealed that FTE protected the integrity and reduced inflammatory infiltration of the ileum mucosal barrier.Furthermore,FTE significantly decreased the levels of the pro-inflammatory factor 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)and increased the expression of sodium–hydrogen exchanger 3(NHE-3).The association among both intestinal damage and electrolyte balance and inflammation has been reported by many studies.Collectively,our study showed that FTE had anti-diarrhea activity,which may be associated with anti-inflammatory properties.