Stability of fruit quality traits in diverse watermelon cultivars tested in multiple environments

Lycopene is a naturally occurring red carotenoid compound that is found in watermelon.Lycopene has antioxidant properties.Lycopene content,sugar content and hollowheart resistance are subject to significant genotype×environment interaction(G×E),which makes breeding for these fruit quality traits difficult.The objectives of this study were to(i)evaluate the influence of years and locations on lycopene content,sugar content and hollowheart resistance for a set of watermelon genotypes,and(ii)identify genotypes with high stability for lycopene,sugar,and hollowheart resistance.A diverse set of 40 genotypes was tested over 3 years and 8 locations across the southern United States in replicated,multi-harvest trials.Lycopene was tested in a subset of 10 genotypes.Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate stability statistics(BLUP-GGE biplot)using SASGxE and RGxE programs.There were strong effects of environment as well as G×E interaction on watermelon quality traits.On the basis of stability measures,genotypes were classified as stable or unstable for each quality trait.'Crimson Sweet'is an inbred line with high quality trait performance as well as trait stability.'Stone Mountain','Tom Watson','Crimson Sweet'and'Minilee'were among the best genotypes for lycopene content,sugar content and hollowheart resistance.We developed a stability chart based on marketable yield and average ranking generated from different stability measures for yield attributes and quality traits.The chart will assist in choosing parents for improvement of watermelon cultivars.See http://cuke.hort.ncsu.edu/cucurbit/wmelon/wmelonmain.html.

黄瓜黑色果刺基因染色体定位及候选基因分析

【目的】黄瓜作为重要的果菜类蔬菜,果实品质一直是黄瓜育种研究的重点。果实品质包括内在品质和外观品质,其中外观品质对黄瓜的商品性具有重要影响。果刺颜色作为黄瓜重要的品质性状之一,对其进行遗传分析和基因定位将有助于了解果刺颜色遗传的分子机理,为黄瓜果实性状改良提供理论依据和技术支撑,同时也可为刺色基因的精细定位及克隆奠定基础。【方法】研究利用黄瓜白色果刺自交系GY14(P1)和黑色果刺自交系NC76(P2)为亲本构建遗传群体,进行黄瓜果刺颜色的遗传分析。以F2分离群体为试材,应用分离群体分组分析法(BSA)和2 112对SSR引物进行SSR分析,结合9 930黄瓜全基因组序列信息和100份核心种质重测序结果开发新标记,对初定位区域进行标记加密。采用JoinMap 4.0作图软件和MapInspect软件构建连锁群并完成连锁群与染色体的对应,实现黄瓜黑色果刺性状的基因定位。运用生物信息学,在定位区域进行候选基因分析。利用包含156个株系的重组自交系(RILs)群体,对黑色果刺基因紧密连锁的两侧翼分子标记进行验证,确定标记用于分子标记辅助选择(MAS)育种的准确性。【结果】研究表明,黄瓜自交系NC76的黑色果刺符合质量性状遗传特点,由显性单基因B控制,黑色对白色为显性。初步定位筛选获得了与B基因连锁的8对SSR引物,将B定位于黄瓜4号染色体(Chr.4)上,最近的连锁标记为SSR22231,遗传距离为10.8 cM;根据初定位区域的序列信息,设计合成了新的SSR引物212对和Indel引物25对,利用这些引物对双亲和F2群体DNA进行分析,最终构建了一个包含14个SSR标记和1个InDel标记的分子标记连锁群,获得与B连锁的两侧翼标记SSRB-181和SSRB-130,遗传距离分别为2.0 cM和1.6 cM,该区段物理距离为422.1 kb,有60个预测候选基因,推测Csa4G003095和Csa4G001690是与黑色果刺形成相关性较大的候选基因。与B紧密连锁的两侧翼标记用于MAS育种的准确率分别为96.8%和96.2%,其中SSRB-181对黑色果刺植株鉴定的准确率达到100%,将在MAS育种发挥重要作用。【结论】黄瓜自交系NC76的黑色果刺性状由显性单基因控制,该基因位于Chr.4上422.1 kb范围内,两侧翼标记为SSRB-181和SSRB-130,遗传距离为3.6 cM。本研究结果为黑色果刺基因的精细定位和克隆及MAS育种奠定了良好基础。