As the number of array elements and bandwidth increase,the design challenges of the Phased Array Feed(PAF)front-end and its signal processing system increase.Aiming at the ng-PAF of the 110 m radio telescope,this arti...As the number of array elements and bandwidth increase,the design challenges of the Phased Array Feed(PAF)front-end and its signal processing system increase.Aiming at the ng-PAF of the 110 m radio telescope,this article introduces the concept of fully digital receivers and attempts to use Radio Frequency System-on-Chip(RFSo C)technology to digitize close to the feed array,reduce the complexity and analog components of the front-end,and improve the fidelity of the signals.The article discusses the digital beamforming topology and designs a PAF signal processing experimental system based on RFSo C+GPU hybrid architecture.The system adopts a ZCU111board to design RF-direct digitization and preprocessing front-end,which can sample eight signals up to 2.048GSPS,12 bit,channelize the signals into 1024 chunks,then reorder into four data streams and select one of the 256MHz frequency bands to output through four 10 Gb links.A GPU server is equipped with four RTX 3090 GPUs running four HRBF_HASHPIPE instances,each receiving a 64 MHz bandwidth signal for high-throughput realtime beamforming.The experimental system uses a signal generator to emulate Sa-like signals and propagates through rod antennas,which verifies the effectiveness of the beamforming algorithm.Performance tests show that after algorithm optimization,the average processing time for a given 4 ms data is less than 3 ms in the four-GPU parallel processing mode.The RFSo C integrated design shows significant advantages in power consumption and electromagnetic radiation compared with discrete circuits according to the measurement results.展开更多
Radio Frequency System on Chip(RFSo C)offers great potential for implementing a complete next generation signal processing system on a single board for radio astronomy.We designed a pulsar digital backend system based...Radio Frequency System on Chip(RFSo C)offers great potential for implementing a complete next generation signal processing system on a single board for radio astronomy.We designed a pulsar digital backend system based on the ZCU111 board.The system uses RFSo C technology to implement digitization,channelization,correlation and high-speed data transmission in the Xilinx ZU28 DR device.We have evaluated the performance of the eight 12-bit RF-ADCs,which are integrated in RFSo C,with the maximum sampling rate of 4.096 GSPS.The RF-ADC sampling frequency,channel bandwidth and time resolution can be configured dynamically in our designed system.To verify the system performance,we deployed the RFSo C board on the Nanshan 26 m radio telescope and observed the pulsar signal with a frequency resolution of 1 MHz and time resolution of 64μs.In the observation test,we obtained pulsar profiles with high signal-to-noise ratio and accurately searched the DM values.The experimental results show that the performance of RF-ADCs,FPGA and CPU cores in RFSo C is sufficient for radio astronomy signal processing applications.展开更多
A multi-function digital baseband data acquisition system is designed for the sampling,distribution and recording of wide-band multi-channel astronomical signals.The system hires a SNAP2board as a digital baseband con...A multi-function digital baseband data acquisition system is designed for the sampling,distribution and recording of wide-band multi-channel astronomical signals.The system hires a SNAP2board as a digital baseband converter to digitize,channelize and packetize the received signal.It can be configured dynamically from a single channel to eight channels with a maximum bandwidth of 4096 MHz.Eight parallel HASHPIPE instances run on four servers,each carrying two NVMe SSD cards,achieving a total continuous write rate of 8 GB s^(-1).Data are recorded in the standard VDIF file format.The system is deployed on a 25-meter radio telescope to verify its functionality based on pulsar observations.Our results indicate that during the 30-minute observation period,the system achieved zero data loss at a data recording rate of 1 GB s^(-1) on a single server.The system will serve as a verification platform for testing the functions of the QTT(Qi Tai radio Telescope)digital backend system.In addition,it can be used as a baseband/VLBI(Very Long Baseline Interferometry)recorder or D-F-engine of correlator/beamformer as well.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant No.12073066)the National Key R&D Program of China under No.2021YFC2203502+3 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS under No.2020063the NSFC(Grant Nos.61931002,12073067 and 11973077)the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region under No.2021D01E07partly supported by the Operation,Maintenance and Upgrading Fund for Astronomical Telescopes and Facility Instruments,budgeted from the Ministry of Finance of China(MOF)and administrated by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)。
文摘As the number of array elements and bandwidth increase,the design challenges of the Phased Array Feed(PAF)front-end and its signal processing system increase.Aiming at the ng-PAF of the 110 m radio telescope,this article introduces the concept of fully digital receivers and attempts to use Radio Frequency System-on-Chip(RFSo C)technology to digitize close to the feed array,reduce the complexity and analog components of the front-end,and improve the fidelity of the signals.The article discusses the digital beamforming topology and designs a PAF signal processing experimental system based on RFSo C+GPU hybrid architecture.The system adopts a ZCU111board to design RF-direct digitization and preprocessing front-end,which can sample eight signals up to 2.048GSPS,12 bit,channelize the signals into 1024 chunks,then reorder into four data streams and select one of the 256MHz frequency bands to output through four 10 Gb links.A GPU server is equipped with four RTX 3090 GPUs running four HRBF_HASHPIPE instances,each receiving a 64 MHz bandwidth signal for high-throughput realtime beamforming.The experimental system uses a signal generator to emulate Sa-like signals and propagates through rod antennas,which verifies the effectiveness of the beamforming algorithm.Performance tests show that after algorithm optimization,the average processing time for a given 4 ms data is less than 3 ms in the four-GPU parallel processing mode.The RFSo C integrated design shows significant advantages in power consumption and electromagnetic radiation compared with discrete circuits according to the measurement results.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12073067)the program of the Light in China’s Western Region(2019-XBQNXZ-B-018)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2021059)。
文摘Radio Frequency System on Chip(RFSo C)offers great potential for implementing a complete next generation signal processing system on a single board for radio astronomy.We designed a pulsar digital backend system based on the ZCU111 board.The system uses RFSo C technology to implement digitization,channelization,correlation and high-speed data transmission in the Xilinx ZU28 DR device.We have evaluated the performance of the eight 12-bit RF-ADCs,which are integrated in RFSo C,with the maximum sampling rate of 4.096 GSPS.The RF-ADC sampling frequency,channel bandwidth and time resolution can be configured dynamically in our designed system.To verify the system performance,we deployed the RFSo C board on the Nanshan 26 m radio telescope and observed the pulsar signal with a frequency resolution of 1 MHz and time resolution of 64μs.In the observation test,we obtained pulsar profiles with high signal-to-noise ratio and accurately searched the DM values.The experimental results show that the performance of RF-ADCs,FPGA and CPU cores in RFSo C is sufficient for radio astronomy signal processing applications.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Nos.12073066,61931002 and 12073067)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS,No.2020063)partly supported by the Operation,Maintenance and Upgrading Fund for Astronomical Telescopes and Facility Instruments,budgeted from the Ministry of Finance of China(MOF)and administrated by the CAS。
文摘A multi-function digital baseband data acquisition system is designed for the sampling,distribution and recording of wide-band multi-channel astronomical signals.The system hires a SNAP2board as a digital baseband converter to digitize,channelize and packetize the received signal.It can be configured dynamically from a single channel to eight channels with a maximum bandwidth of 4096 MHz.Eight parallel HASHPIPE instances run on four servers,each carrying two NVMe SSD cards,achieving a total continuous write rate of 8 GB s^(-1).Data are recorded in the standard VDIF file format.The system is deployed on a 25-meter radio telescope to verify its functionality based on pulsar observations.Our results indicate that during the 30-minute observation period,the system achieved zero data loss at a data recording rate of 1 GB s^(-1) on a single server.The system will serve as a verification platform for testing the functions of the QTT(Qi Tai radio Telescope)digital backend system.In addition,it can be used as a baseband/VLBI(Very Long Baseline Interferometry)recorder or D-F-engine of correlator/beamformer as well.
