An appropriate decarbonisation pathway is crucial to achieving carbon neutrality in China before 2060.This paper studies decarbonisation pathways for China's energy system between 2020 and 2060 using an open,provi...An appropriate decarbonisation pathway is crucial to achieving carbon neutrality in China before 2060.This paper studies decarbonisation pathways for China's energy system between 2020 and 2060 using an open,provincial,and hourly resolved,networked model within the context of multi‐period planning with myopic investment foresight.Two representative decarbonisation pathways are compared,with particular attention to the synergies of coupling the electricity and heating sectors.An early and steady path in which emissions are strongly reduced in the first decade is more cost‐effective than following a late and rapid path.Early decarbonisation in the electricity sector avoids stranded in-vestments in fossil infrastructure and preserves the carbon budget for later emissions in the difficult‐to‐decarbonise heating sector.Retrofitting the existing coal power plants by adding carbon capture facilities is cost‐effective in both decarbonisation pathways.The hourly and non‐interrupted resolution for a full weather year reveals the balancing strategies of highly renewable,sector‐coupled systems.The significant seasonal variation of heat demand dominates long‐term storage behaviours.展开更多
We demonstrate the fabrication of a new DNA sensor that is based on the optical interactions occurring between oligonucleotide-coated NaYF4:Yb^(3+);Er^(3+) upconversion nanoparticles and the two-dimensional dichalcoge...We demonstrate the fabrication of a new DNA sensor that is based on the optical interactions occurring between oligonucleotide-coated NaYF4:Yb^(3+);Er^(3+) upconversion nanoparticles and the two-dimensional dichalcogenide materials,MoS_(2) and WS_(2).Monodisperse upconversion nanoparticles were functionalized with single-stranded DNA endowing the nanoparticles with the ability to interact with the surface of the two-dimensional materials via van der Waals interactions leading to subsequent quenching of the upconversion fluorescence.By contrast,in the presence of a complementary oligonucleotide target and the formation of double-stranded DNA,the upconversion nanoparticles could not interact with MoS_(2) and WS_(2),thus retaining their inherent fluorescence properties.Utilizing this sensor we were able to detect target oligonucleotides with high sensitivity and specificity whilst reaching a concentration detection limit as low as 5 mol·L^(-1),within minutes.展开更多
文摘An appropriate decarbonisation pathway is crucial to achieving carbon neutrality in China before 2060.This paper studies decarbonisation pathways for China's energy system between 2020 and 2060 using an open,provincial,and hourly resolved,networked model within the context of multi‐period planning with myopic investment foresight.Two representative decarbonisation pathways are compared,with particular attention to the synergies of coupling the electricity and heating sectors.An early and steady path in which emissions are strongly reduced in the first decade is more cost‐effective than following a late and rapid path.Early decarbonisation in the electricity sector avoids stranded in-vestments in fossil infrastructure and preserves the carbon budget for later emissions in the difficult‐to‐decarbonise heating sector.Retrofitting the existing coal power plants by adding carbon capture facilities is cost‐effective in both decarbonisation pathways.The hourly and non‐interrupted resolution for a full weather year reveals the balancing strategies of highly renewable,sector‐coupled systems.The significant seasonal variation of heat demand dominates long‐term storage behaviours.
基金Antonios G.Kanaras,Otto L.Muskens and Davide Giust would like to acknowledge funding from BBSRC(Grant No.BB/N021150/1).
文摘We demonstrate the fabrication of a new DNA sensor that is based on the optical interactions occurring between oligonucleotide-coated NaYF4:Yb^(3+);Er^(3+) upconversion nanoparticles and the two-dimensional dichalcogenide materials,MoS_(2) and WS_(2).Monodisperse upconversion nanoparticles were functionalized with single-stranded DNA endowing the nanoparticles with the ability to interact with the surface of the two-dimensional materials via van der Waals interactions leading to subsequent quenching of the upconversion fluorescence.By contrast,in the presence of a complementary oligonucleotide target and the formation of double-stranded DNA,the upconversion nanoparticles could not interact with MoS_(2) and WS_(2),thus retaining their inherent fluorescence properties.Utilizing this sensor we were able to detect target oligonucleotides with high sensitivity and specificity whilst reaching a concentration detection limit as low as 5 mol·L^(-1),within minutes.
