Although patients benefit from surgical transurethral resection of bladder cancers,some niduses are missed or incompletely resected,and small malignant lesions may recur.Intravesical chemotherapy and immunotherapy are...Although patients benefit from surgical transurethral resection of bladder cancers,some niduses are missed or incompletely resected,and small malignant lesions may recur.Intravesical chemotherapy and immunotherapy are universally accepted as adjuvant treatments after surgery to avoid recurrence and progression.However,these treatments still have limitations,including an insufficient retention period,inefficient permeability of chemotherapeutic agents,and dilution of the agents by urine.Nanostructure-based smart therapeutic platforms can be tailored to be responsive to internal or external stimuli to ameliorate this situation.This unparalleled capability empowers the precise aggregation of stimulus–responsive nanocarriers in the target regions,namely,the tumors,and subsequent release of the anticancer materials.This review summarizes the current nanostructure-based therapeutic platforms,especially stimulus–responsive nanocarriers,and highlights their benefits and limitations in bladder cancer therapy.Novel innovations in nanotechnology have undoubtedly arrived at a new height and have become useful for practical applications.Nanotechnology will positively promote the development of anticancer agents not only for bladder cancer but also for other solid tumors.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21704104 and 81772754)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(Nos.RCYX20200714114645131 and JCYJ20190809164617205)+4 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2020A1515011443 and 2021A1515010669)Major Basic Research and Cultivation Program of Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2017A03038009)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University(No.20ykpy17)Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(No.SZSM202011011)Research Start-up Fund of Part-time PI,SAHSYSU(No.ZSQYJZPI202003).
文摘Although patients benefit from surgical transurethral resection of bladder cancers,some niduses are missed or incompletely resected,and small malignant lesions may recur.Intravesical chemotherapy and immunotherapy are universally accepted as adjuvant treatments after surgery to avoid recurrence and progression.However,these treatments still have limitations,including an insufficient retention period,inefficient permeability of chemotherapeutic agents,and dilution of the agents by urine.Nanostructure-based smart therapeutic platforms can be tailored to be responsive to internal or external stimuli to ameliorate this situation.This unparalleled capability empowers the precise aggregation of stimulus–responsive nanocarriers in the target regions,namely,the tumors,and subsequent release of the anticancer materials.This review summarizes the current nanostructure-based therapeutic platforms,especially stimulus–responsive nanocarriers,and highlights their benefits and limitations in bladder cancer therapy.Novel innovations in nanotechnology have undoubtedly arrived at a new height and have become useful for practical applications.Nanotechnology will positively promote the development of anticancer agents not only for bladder cancer but also for other solid tumors.
