Epidemiology of Biopsy Proven Glomerular Disorders and Effect of Severe Cyclone on Its Incidence in Central Queensland Region of Australia

Aim: The objectives of this study are to determine the epidemiology of biopsy-proven glomerular disease (GD) in Central Queensland and the effect of a severe cyclone on its incidence and clinical phenotype. Background: Central Queensland (CQ) has a relatively high incidence of kidney disease. Since its biopsy service commenced in 2005, there have been no data on biopsy-proven GD. It has been suggested that GD incidence changes around times of natural disasters. In February 2015, the CQ region was affected by a category 5 Cyclone Marcia. This provides an opportunity to explore possible environmental triggers of GD. Methods: This was a single-centre retrospective observational study on biopsy-proven kidney disease in CQ. All kidney biopsies performed between January 2005 and December 2019 were included. Patients with biopsy-proven GD during 3 years before and after Cyclone Marcia (from 2012 to 2018) were analysed. Results: 170 native kidney biopsies occurred during the 15 years. The number of annual biopsies steadily increased from 7 to 16. The most common biopsy-proven kidney disease was IgA Nephropathy (27%) followed by diabetic nephropathy (20%). GD comprised 64% of biopsies. Unlike other GD, the incidence of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) significantly increased after cyclone (one pre- and eight post-cyclone, P value = 0.039). The majority of AAV cases occurred in the first year after the cyclone. Conclusion: Kidney biopsies in CQ provide important epidemiological data on biopsy-proven kidney disease. Cyclones have a possible effect on the incidence and clinical phenotype of ANCA associated vasculitis.

Dynamic Spacer Installation of Multifunctionalities into Metal-Organic Frameworks for Spontaneous One-Step Ethylene Purification from a Ternary C_(2)-Hydrocarbons Mixture

Simultaneous ethane and acetylene removal from a C_(2)-gases mixture(C_(2)H_(6),C_(2)H_(4),and C_(2)H_(2))through a one-step separation process for ethylene purification is of great importance yet challenging in petrochemical industry,owing to their similar molecule sizes and physical properties.Herein,a series of multifunctionalized metal–organic frameworks(MOFs),LIFM-XYY-1∼8(LIFM stands for Lehn Institute of Functional Materials,and XYY are the initials of the first author),are constructed via a dynamic spacer installation(DSI)approach to optimize the pore-nanospaces for efficient C_(2)H_(4) isolation from the ternary C_(2)-gases mixture.Installation of variable organic-spacers into the prototypical MOFs,LIFM-28 or PCN-700,results in dramatically improved pore volume/surface area,contracted pore size,and functionalized pore surface,which in turn bring out high C_(2)-gases uptake capacities,enhanced C_(2)H_(6) and C_(2)H_(2) adsorption selectivities over C_(2)H_(4),and fast adsorption kinetics,providing an effective strategy to achieve delicate trade-off among these indexes for adequate separation performance.Specifically,optimized LIFM-XYY-7 presents four-times C_(2)H_(6) and C_(2)H_(2) adsorption capacities than proto-PCN-700.Dynamic breakthrough experiments reveal that poly-grade C_(2)H_(4)(>99.9%)can be obtained from binary or ternary C_(2)-hydrocarbon mixtures through a single separation process.Combined with themolecular simulations,this work demonstrates a promising protocol of porenanospace engineering via multi-functional optimization by the DSI approach to screen out MOFs for a formidable task.

A robust soc-MOF platform exhibiting high gravimetric uptake and volumetric deliverable capacity for on-board methane storage

Emerging as an outperformed class of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),square-octahedron(soc)topology MOFs(soc-MOFs)feature superior properties of high porosity,large gas storage capacity,and excellent thermal/chemical stability.We report here an iron based soc-MOF,denoted as Fe-pbpta(H4pbpta=4,4',4'',4'''-(1,4-phenylenbis(pyridine-4,2-6-triyl))-tetrabenzoic acid)possessing a very high Brunauer,Emmett and Teller(BET)surface area of 4,937 m2/g and a large pore volume of 2.15 cm3/g.The MOF demonstrates by far the highest gravimetric uptake of 369 cm3(STP)/g under the DOE operational storage conditions(35 bar and 298 K)and a high volumetric deliverable capacity of 192 cc/cc at 298 K and 65 bar.Furthermore,Fe-pbpta exhibits high thermal and aqueous stability making it a promising candidate for on-board methane storage.