Leptospirosis is a potential threat to public health. An increasing number of people infected with Leptospira were reported in Bantul District, Yogyakarta special region with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 7.8%. Infect...Leptospirosis is a potential threat to public health. An increasing number of people infected with Leptospira were reported in Bantul District, Yogyakarta special region with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 7.8%. Infected areas in the district have increased from 2 to 15 sub districts. Leptospirosis is caused by Leptospira bacteria and spread by direct contact with infected rodents and indirect contact through contaminated water or soil. Leptospira in rats, water and soil were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The sites of sampled materials were geocoded using Global Positioning System (GPS). Spatial analysis was used to predict the spread of Spira. This study aims to perform the mapping, clustering, and predicting the spread of Leptospira in Bantul Yogyakarta Indonesia. Data were collected from three sub-districts: Sedayu, Sewon and Bantul. The result showed that 38.04% from 368 samples were Spira positive. There were four significant clusters of infection spread source. Spira is predicted to spread in, and out from, Bantul District.展开更多
Objective: To detect genetic variations among pathogenic Leptospira isolated from rats using 16 S r RNA gen as chronometer. Methods: This is an observational study with cross sectional design. Rats saples were taken i...Objective: To detect genetic variations among pathogenic Leptospira isolated from rats using 16 S r RNA gen as chronometer. Methods: This is an observational study with cross sectional design. Rats saples were taken in Yogyakarta Special Region of Indonesia. Leptospira in the rats was detected by two methods ie. real time PCR(q PCR) by using primers correspond to16 S r RNA gene of Leptospira, and standard PCR by using dif erent set of primer correspond to the 16 S r RNA gene of Leptospira. The standard PCR amplicon then subjected for DNA sequencing. Analysis genetic variation was performed using MEGA 6.2. Software. Results:There were 99 DNA samples from rats included in this study. Detection of Leptospira by using q PCR revealed 25 samples positive for pathogenic Leptospira, while only 6 samples were able to be detected using standard PCR. The new primer set correspond to 16 S r RNA gene was able to detect specii cally pathogenic Leptospira in the rats. Sequencing analysis of 6 PCR amplicons showed that the Leptospira which infect the rats catched in Yogyakarta genetically close related with pathogenic Leptospira which were isolated from human, animal, rodents, and environment. Conclusions: It can be considered that rats are the most important vector and reservoir of Leptospira.展开更多
The benefits of physical activity and exercise,especially those classified as moderate-to-vigorous activity(MVPA),have been well-established in preventing non-communicable diseases and mental health problems in health...The benefits of physical activity and exercise,especially those classified as moderate-to-vigorous activity(MVPA),have been well-established in preventing non-communicable diseases and mental health problems in healthy adults.However,the relationship between physical activity and exercise and the prevention and management of acute respiratory infection(ARI),a global high-burden disease,has been inconclusive.There have been debates and disagreements among scientific publications regarding the relationship between exercise and immune response against the causative agents of ARI.This narrative review aims to explore the theory that sufficiently explains the correlation between exercise,immune response,and ARI.The potential root causes of discrepancies come from research associated with the“open window”hypothesis.The studies have several limitations,and future improvements to address them are urgently needed in the study design,data collection,exercise intervention,subject recruitment,biomarkers for infection and inflammation,nutritional and metabolism status,and in addressing confounding variables.In conclusion,data support the clinical advantages of exercise have a regulatory contribution toward improving the immune response,which in turn potentially protects humans fromARI.However,the hypothesis related to its negative effect must be adopted cautiously.展开更多
文摘Leptospirosis is a potential threat to public health. An increasing number of people infected with Leptospira were reported in Bantul District, Yogyakarta special region with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 7.8%. Infected areas in the district have increased from 2 to 15 sub districts. Leptospirosis is caused by Leptospira bacteria and spread by direct contact with infected rodents and indirect contact through contaminated water or soil. Leptospira in rats, water and soil were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The sites of sampled materials were geocoded using Global Positioning System (GPS). Spatial analysis was used to predict the spread of Spira. This study aims to perform the mapping, clustering, and predicting the spread of Leptospira in Bantul Yogyakarta Indonesia. Data were collected from three sub-districts: Sedayu, Sewon and Bantul. The result showed that 38.04% from 368 samples were Spira positive. There were four significant clusters of infection spread source. Spira is predicted to spread in, and out from, Bantul District.
文摘Objective: To detect genetic variations among pathogenic Leptospira isolated from rats using 16 S r RNA gen as chronometer. Methods: This is an observational study with cross sectional design. Rats saples were taken in Yogyakarta Special Region of Indonesia. Leptospira in the rats was detected by two methods ie. real time PCR(q PCR) by using primers correspond to16 S r RNA gene of Leptospira, and standard PCR by using dif erent set of primer correspond to the 16 S r RNA gene of Leptospira. The standard PCR amplicon then subjected for DNA sequencing. Analysis genetic variation was performed using MEGA 6.2. Software. Results:There were 99 DNA samples from rats included in this study. Detection of Leptospira by using q PCR revealed 25 samples positive for pathogenic Leptospira, while only 6 samples were able to be detected using standard PCR. The new primer set correspond to 16 S r RNA gene was able to detect specii cally pathogenic Leptospira in the rats. Sequencing analysis of 6 PCR amplicons showed that the Leptospira which infect the rats catched in Yogyakarta genetically close related with pathogenic Leptospira which were isolated from human, animal, rodents, and environment. Conclusions: It can be considered that rats are the most important vector and reservoir of Leptospira.
文摘The benefits of physical activity and exercise,especially those classified as moderate-to-vigorous activity(MVPA),have been well-established in preventing non-communicable diseases and mental health problems in healthy adults.However,the relationship between physical activity and exercise and the prevention and management of acute respiratory infection(ARI),a global high-burden disease,has been inconclusive.There have been debates and disagreements among scientific publications regarding the relationship between exercise and immune response against the causative agents of ARI.This narrative review aims to explore the theory that sufficiently explains the correlation between exercise,immune response,and ARI.The potential root causes of discrepancies come from research associated with the“open window”hypothesis.The studies have several limitations,and future improvements to address them are urgently needed in the study design,data collection,exercise intervention,subject recruitment,biomarkers for infection and inflammation,nutritional and metabolism status,and in addressing confounding variables.In conclusion,data support the clinical advantages of exercise have a regulatory contribution toward improving the immune response,which in turn potentially protects humans fromARI.However,the hypothesis related to its negative effect must be adopted cautiously.
