Insight into the phytochemical, biological, and in silico studies of Erythrina suberosa roxb.: A source of novel therapeutic bioactive products from a medicinal plant

Background:Erythrina suberosa(E.suberosa)Roxb.also known as corky coral tree is used as a folklore medicine to treat ulcers and piles.This study explored the phytochemical profiles of methanol and dichloromethane(DCM)extracts from the aerial,root,and flower parts of E.suberosa.Method:Total bioactive contents,high-performance liquid chromatography array(HPLC-PDA)polyphenolic quantification,and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS)analysis were used to evaluate the phytochemical profile.Biological potential was evaluated by determining their antioxidant(DPPH,ABTS,FRAP,CUPRAC,Phosphomolybdenum,and metal chelating)and enzyme inhibitory(cholinesterase,amylase,glucosidase,and tyrosinase)effects.Results:The phenolic(46.26 mg GAE/g extract)and flavonoid(32.46 mg QE/g extract)contents were found to be highest in the methanolic extract of roots(EsR-M).HPLC-PDA analysis determined the presence of numerous bioactive compounds,including catechin,syringic acid,p-hydroxy benzoic acid,gallic acid,vanillic acid,epicatechin,rutin,chlorogenic acid,carvacrol,sinapinic acid,and naringenin in considerable amounts.A total of 143 phytochemicals,belonging to phenolic,flavonoid,coumarin,terpenoid,chalcone,saponin,and glycoside classes,were tentatively identified by UHPLC-MS analysis.Aerial methanolic extract(EsA-M)exhibited highest radical scavenging(DPPH 86.81 mgTE/g extract,ABTS 245.17 mgTE/g extract)as well as reducing potential(FRAP 177.12 mgTE/g extract,CUPRAC 177.12 mgTE/g extract).Likewise,it was also noted to be most active for BChE(5.70 mg GALAE/g extract)and tyrosinase inhibition(148.35 mg KAE/g extract).While,roots-DCM extract(EsR-D)presented considerable inhibition for AChE(4.69 mg GALAE/g extract)and amylase(0.81 mmol ACAE/g extract)enzymes.Coreopsin,davallioside A,and isovitexin were docked to tyrosinase to depict possible interaction.Conclusion:This study has established baseline data on the biological and phytochemical profile of E.suberosa which was found to possess antioxidant and enzyme inhibition properties which tend to validate its traditional uses.However,further studies to identify the molecular targets responsible for these activities are warranted which could be explored as a functional food.

A comprehensive review on the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity of Anagallis arvensis (L).: A wild edible medicinal food plant

Medicinal plants,since times immemorial,have been used in virtually all cultures for therapeutic purposes.Anagallis arvensis(L.)is a well-known medicinal plant traditionally utilized for a varied range of disorders including wound healing,lung problems,kidney stones,urinary tract infections,gout,and rheumatic conditions.This review is an attempt to summarize and comprehend the fragmented information until now published in the literature on the biochemical and toxicological perspective of A.arvensis.The literature was searched electronically from PubMed,EMBASE,Scopus,Science Direct,Ovid MEDLINE and Google Scholar.It was found that ethnomedical uses of A.arvensis plant and parts have been recorded throughout the world,where it has been used against a panoply of diseases.Phytochemical search has led to the identification of flavonoids,terpenoids,triterpenoid glycosides,phytosterols as main classes of secondary metabolites with a few other classes.A wide spectrum of in vivo and in vitro pharmacological activities have been reported from fresh plant material and its crude extracts and/or fractions.However there is currently a dearth of structure-activity studies of the isolated compounds and mechanistic studies from this species.The plant has also been reported for in vivo toxicity.It is clear from this review thatA.arvensis,though traditionally used by various cultures harbour a plethora of bioactive compounds exhibiting multifarious biological effects that could be exploited as biopharmaceuticals.Nonetheless,additional research work and structure-activity studies arekey prerequisite to transmute the empirical claims on the utilization of A.arvenisis in folklore medicines and a food plant into scientific shreds of evidence.

Phytochemical composition,biological propensities,and in-silico studies of Crateva adansonii DC.:A natural source of bioactive compounds

The current research work aimed at the phytochemical,biological,and in-silico properties of hydro-methanol extract and n-hexane fraction of Crateva adansonii aerial parts.Total bioactive content and UHPLC-MS analysis were used to determine the phytochemical composition.Regarding biological activities,antioxidant(DPPH,ABTS,FRAP,CUPRAC,phosphomolybdenum,and metal chelation)and enzyme inhibition(againstα-amylase,tyrosinase,acetylcholinesterase-AChE,and butyrylcholinesterase-BChE)activities were assessed.The hydro-methanol extract contained higher phenolic(28.09 mg GAE/g extract)and flavonoid(65.61 mg RE/g extract)contents,which might be correlated with the higher antioxidant potential of this extract.For the enzyme assays,the n-hexane fraction was most active against BChE andα-amylase,while the methanol extract presented higher inhibition values against AChE and tyrosinase enzymes.Likewise,different phytocompounds have been tentatively identified by UHPLC-MS of hydro-methanol extract;most of these belonged to phenolic and flavonoid classes.Furthermore,three important identified phytocompounds(isovitexin,robinetin 3-rutinoside,and luteolin 7-robinobioside),were selected for in-silico computational studies against the tyrosinase enzyme.The present investigation revealed that the studied extract/fraction of C.adansonii are likely sources of phytoconstituents identified through UHPLC-MS with considerable antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties.To conclude,the evaluated plant should be further investigated for the isolation of bioactive molecules which can be utilized in phytopharmaceuticals.