In this study, we estimate the proximate compositions, phytochemicals (polyphenol, flavonoids, flavonol, tannin, protein, carbohydrate, reducing sugar, and <i><span>β</span></i><span>...In this study, we estimate the proximate compositions, phytochemicals (polyphenol, flavonoids, flavonol, tannin, protein, carbohydrate, reducing sugar, and <i><span>β</span></i><span> carotene), antioxidant activities, vitamins, minerals, and heavy metals of the four pulses (mung, anchor, chickpea, lentils) and compare among them to find out more nutritious pulse samples. Mung was found to contain </span><span>the </span><span>highest amount of polyphenol (98.02 ± 1.74 mg GAE/100</span><span> </span><span>g) and tannin (447.98 ± 9.96 mg TE/100</span><span> </span><span>g) and anchor (771.35 ± 3.76 mg CE/100</span><span> </span><span>g) was rich in flavonoids as compared to other two pulse samples. Mung was also rich in ash, carbohydrate, vitamin B</span><sub><span style="vertical-align:sub;">1</span></sub><span>, copper and anchor was rich in crude fiber, protein, reducing sugar, and vitamin B</span><sub><span style="vertical-align:sub;">2</span></sub><span> content. The highest amount of phytochemicals contained in mung and anchor corresponded to its highest antioxidant activity in analyzed antioxidant assays respectively. Other two pulses included in this study were found to contain good source of vitamins, minerals and other nutrients.</span>展开更多
Objective: To explore the antihypertensive effect of extracts from the leaves of Hedera helix(H. helix) on normotensive and hypertensive rats in-vivo followed by vasodilatory studies in-vitro.Methods: The crude methan...Objective: To explore the antihypertensive effect of extracts from the leaves of Hedera helix(H. helix) on normotensive and hypertensive rats in-vivo followed by vasodilatory studies in-vitro.Methods: The crude methanolic extract was prepared and the activity directed fractionation was carried out. Spectrophotometric analysis of total phenolic and flavonoid content was also done. HPLC analysis was performed for the detection of hederacoside C. In-vivo blood pressure study was carried out in normotensive and high salt-induced hypertensive SpragueDawley rats. Isolated aortic tissues from rat and rabbit were used for in-vitro studies. The effects were recorded and analyzed through PowerL ab data acquisition system. Results: Crude extract of H. helix(1-30 mg/kg) decreased blood pressure to greater extent in high salt-induced hypertensive rats in-vivo compared to the normotensive [Max. fall(58.59±0.02) mm Hg vs.(67.53±3.07) mmH g]. The n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions were also checked. These fractions were more effective in hypertensive rats. Aqueous fraction was more potent and n-hexane the least. In isolated rat aortic rings precontracted with phenylephrine, crude extract induced endothelium-dependent effect. The endothelium-dependent component of vasodilatory effect was ablated with L-NAME, and denudation of endothelium. The aqueous fraction was most potent vasodilator. In aortic rings from hypertensive rats, extract and fractions produced partial endothelium-independent effect which was not affected by pretreatment with L-NAME, indicating endothelium dysfunction in the hypertensive rats and suggesting additional vasodilatory mechanisms. In rabbit aorta, the extract and fractions also inhibited phenylephrine and high K^+-induced precontractions, and shifted Ca^(++) concentration–response curves. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that extract and fractions of H. helix are antihypertensive remedies, which is the outcome of vasodilatory effect. This vasodilatory effect is mediated through nitric oxide and Ca^(++) antagonism.展开更多
文摘In this study, we estimate the proximate compositions, phytochemicals (polyphenol, flavonoids, flavonol, tannin, protein, carbohydrate, reducing sugar, and <i><span>β</span></i><span> carotene), antioxidant activities, vitamins, minerals, and heavy metals of the four pulses (mung, anchor, chickpea, lentils) and compare among them to find out more nutritious pulse samples. Mung was found to contain </span><span>the </span><span>highest amount of polyphenol (98.02 ± 1.74 mg GAE/100</span><span> </span><span>g) and tannin (447.98 ± 9.96 mg TE/100</span><span> </span><span>g) and anchor (771.35 ± 3.76 mg CE/100</span><span> </span><span>g) was rich in flavonoids as compared to other two pulse samples. Mung was also rich in ash, carbohydrate, vitamin B</span><sub><span style="vertical-align:sub;">1</span></sub><span>, copper and anchor was rich in crude fiber, protein, reducing sugar, and vitamin B</span><sub><span style="vertical-align:sub;">2</span></sub><span> content. The highest amount of phytochemicals contained in mung and anchor corresponded to its highest antioxidant activity in analyzed antioxidant assays respectively. Other two pulses included in this study were found to contain good source of vitamins, minerals and other nutrients.</span>
文摘Objective: To explore the antihypertensive effect of extracts from the leaves of Hedera helix(H. helix) on normotensive and hypertensive rats in-vivo followed by vasodilatory studies in-vitro.Methods: The crude methanolic extract was prepared and the activity directed fractionation was carried out. Spectrophotometric analysis of total phenolic and flavonoid content was also done. HPLC analysis was performed for the detection of hederacoside C. In-vivo blood pressure study was carried out in normotensive and high salt-induced hypertensive SpragueDawley rats. Isolated aortic tissues from rat and rabbit were used for in-vitro studies. The effects were recorded and analyzed through PowerL ab data acquisition system. Results: Crude extract of H. helix(1-30 mg/kg) decreased blood pressure to greater extent in high salt-induced hypertensive rats in-vivo compared to the normotensive [Max. fall(58.59±0.02) mm Hg vs.(67.53±3.07) mmH g]. The n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions were also checked. These fractions were more effective in hypertensive rats. Aqueous fraction was more potent and n-hexane the least. In isolated rat aortic rings precontracted with phenylephrine, crude extract induced endothelium-dependent effect. The endothelium-dependent component of vasodilatory effect was ablated with L-NAME, and denudation of endothelium. The aqueous fraction was most potent vasodilator. In aortic rings from hypertensive rats, extract and fractions produced partial endothelium-independent effect which was not affected by pretreatment with L-NAME, indicating endothelium dysfunction in the hypertensive rats and suggesting additional vasodilatory mechanisms. In rabbit aorta, the extract and fractions also inhibited phenylephrine and high K^+-induced precontractions, and shifted Ca^(++) concentration–response curves. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that extract and fractions of H. helix are antihypertensive remedies, which is the outcome of vasodilatory effect. This vasodilatory effect is mediated through nitric oxide and Ca^(++) antagonism.
