Overview of wall probes for erosion and deposition studies in the TEXTOR tokamak

An overview of diagnostic tools e test limiters and collector probes e used over the years for material migration studies in the TEXTOR tokamak is presented.Probe transfer systems are shown and their technical capabilities are described.This is accompanied by a brief pre-sentation of selected results and conclusions from the research on material erosion e deposition processes including tests of candidate materials(e.g.W,Mo,carbon-based composites)for plasma-facing components in controlled fusion devices.The use of tracer techniques and methods for analysis of materials retrieved from the tokamak are summarized.The impact of research on the reactor wall technology is addressed.

用钨和低Z面积等离子体材料的托卡马克性能的比较

为了优化等离子体芯部性能和能够进入大的运行空间，目前在聚变装置中使用石墨材料。对于这些面向等离子体材料运行存在的物理学数据库，这些材料也表明在未来的装置中它们的用途是延长燃烧时间。边缘和偏滤器区的碳杂质辐射明显有助于降低撞击区的峰值功率负载，但是碳辐射也支持进入高密度的MARFE不稳定性的形成。对石墨的主要担心是它与氢有强的化学亲和力，这导致化学腐蚀和富氢碳层的形成。这些碳层能存贮总氚燃料的大部分，在未来的氚装置上这也许会禁止使用这些材料。从这点来说，高Z面向等离子体材料有多得多的优势，但是如何这些材料进入等离子体芯部，这些优质将和等离子体的毒化对抗。在几个装置上已获得高Z壁材料的新的有前途的经验。关于这些经验，本文给出了综述并研究了未来研究和发展工作中有待解决的问题。