Preventive effects of Bifidobacterium lactis Probio-M8 on ovalbumin-induced food allergy in mice

Food allergy is a significant public health concern globally.Certain probiotics have been found to enhance food allergy by regulating immune-microbe interactions in animal models and patients.However,the effects of Bifidobacterium lactis Probio-M8 on food allergy have not been thoroughly investigated.The present study examined the anti-allergic properties of Probio-M8,particularly in relation to immune response and gut microbiota composition.Results demonstrate that oral administration of Probio-M8 effectively mitigated the allergy symptoms triggered by ovalbumin(OVA)by ameliorating the morphological damage in the jejunum,reducing OVA-specific IgE and histamine levels in the serum,and suppressing Th2 cytokines(interleukin(IL)4 and IL-13)while increasing Th1 cytokines(interferon(IFN)γ)and regulatory T(Treg)cytokines(IL-10 and transforming growth factor(TGF)β1)in the culture supernatants of splenic cells.Furthermore,Probio-M8 effectively altered the diversity and composition of gut microbiota,particularly the relative abundances of Akkermansia_muciniphila in OVA-induced mice.Compared to the OVA group,the Probio-M8 group showed a decrease in the relative abundance of Akkermansia_muciniphila.In conclusion,Probio-M8 demonstrates the potential to alleviate food allergy by regulating the Th1/Th2 response and modulating gut microbiota,thereby offering a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with food allergy.

扰动扩散流动分析法测定土壤氮、磷技术研究

随着国家对农业面源氮、磷污染防治力度的加大,土壤氮、磷测定技术迫切需要改善。本研究在对常规的扩散对流(Dispersion convection)和强迫对流(Forced convection)流动分析方法基础上,提出了扰动扩散(Perturbation diffusion)流动分析方法,以实现土壤氮、磷全自动化快速测定与分析。扰动扩散流动分析方法是将样品和试剂定量化后集中在化学反应腔中进行反应,然后程序控制蠕动泵对化学反应腔中反应物进行反复扰动,待化学反应完全稳定后流入光电探测单元完成土壤氮、磷含量测定。采用取自湖北潜江的土壤样品对扰动扩散流动分析方法进行了系统验证,实验结果表明,本研究提出的方法与常规紫外可见分光光度法对氮、磷测定相比,基于硫酸钠和碳酸氢钠联合浸提的土壤铵态氮测量值相关系数为0.9155,基于氯化钙浸提的土壤铵态氮、硝态氮和水溶性磷测量值相关系数分别为0.9985、0.9901和0.9911。铵态氮、硝态氮和水溶性磷的检出限分别为0.0554、0.0203 mg·L^(-1)和0.0084 mg·L^(-1),相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)分别为1.8%、4.8%和1.0%。

离子选择电极阵列测定土壤中硝态氮

土壤硝态氮反映土壤短期氮素供应水平,实时了解土壤硝态氮的含量为精准农业和农业面源污染防控提供支撑,因此,在线实时检测土壤硝态氮方法突破就显得十分迫切。土壤硝态氮中的硝酸根离子在土壤中的高水溶性和流动性为全固态硝酸根离子选择电极高敏感检测土壤中硝态氮提供了条件,固态硝态氮离子选择电极的离子选择膜反应硝酸根离子在被测溶液中的浓度。采用全固态硝酸根离子选择电极ELIT NO_(3)^(-),且与温度电极和pH电极融合组成电极阵列对土壤饱和溶液中的硝酸根离子进行检测。设计了高输入阻抗运算放大电路对电极信号进行采集,并通过微处理控制蠕动泵完成土壤硝态氮待测溶液连续流动测定及实时传输结果。实验结果表明,电极响应时间≤15 s,斜率-51.63 mV/decade,线性范围10^(-5)~10^(-2.2) mol/L,最低检测限10^(-5.23) mol/L。相对标准差在0.78%~4.5%,加标回收率均在90.0%~110%。与紫外可见分光光度法测试结果相比,相关系数(R^(2))为0.9952,为土壤硝态氮在现场检测奠定技术基础。

微流池多光程土壤有效态氮磷测定方法研究

农业面源氮磷污染是当前地表水体污染主要来源,而土壤有效态氮磷测试大都依赖于流动分析仪在实验室完成,无法满足个性化土壤有效态氮磷现场测定需求。建立了一种微流池多光程的土壤有效态氮磷测定技术,通过柔性化参数设置,实现不同土壤有效态氮磷测试规范和现场测试。以广东省韶关市农业科学研究所和北京市农林科学院提供的26个样品为例进行有效态铵态氮、硝态氮和磷测定验证。实验结果表明,微流池多光程土壤有效态氮磷测定方法中有效态铵态氮、硝态氮和磷的检出限(LOD)分别为0.0086、0.0094和0.0078 mg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.80%、5.7%和0.90%,加标回收率在92.0%~103%,平均单样品测试时间6 min。测试过程自动化,极大地提升了土壤有效态氮磷测定效率和测试结果准确性,为农业面源污染防治提供技术支撑。

微波处理对离体黄瓜子叶生根和根活力的影响

用辐射功率200W微波（2450MHz）处理6～16，明显促进离体黄瓜子叶生根．根长和根鲜重增加。不同辐射强度和辐服时间对离体黄瓜子叶生根有不同影响。用TTC法测定，微波处理后与根活力相关的OD值比对照体增加了。用温箱模拟FISO微波炉功率为200W的温度，不同处理时间处理离体黄瓜子叶，没有发现促进生根。说明在一定条件下，微波辐射处理离体黄瓜子叶促进生根．主要是微波的辐射效应。

Toward sustainable waste management in small islands developing states: integrated waste-to-energy solutions in Maldives context

Effective waste management is a major challenge for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) like Maldives due to limited land availability. Maldives exemplifies these issues as one of the most geographically dispersed countries, with a population unevenly distributed across numerous islands varying greatly in size and population density. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the unique waste management practices across different regions of Maldives in relation to its natural and socioeconomic context. Data shows Maldives has one of the highest population density and per capita waste generation among SIDS, despite its small land area and medium GDP per capita. Large disparities exist between the densely populated capital Male’ with only 5.8 km2 area generating 63% of waste and the ~194 scattered outer islands with ad hoc waste management practices. Given Male’s dense population and high calorific waste, incineration could generate up to ~30 GW/a energy and even increase Maldives’ renewable energy supply by 200%. In contrast, decentralized anaerobic digestion presents an optimal solution for outer islands to reduce waste volume while providing over 40%–100% energy supply for daily cooking in local families. This timely study delivers valuable insights into designing context-specific waste-to-energy systems and integrated waste policies tailored to Maldives’ distinct regions. The framework presented can also guide other SIDS facing similar challenges as Maldives in establishing sustainable, ecologically sound waste management strategies.

射频脱胶介质与参数对亚麻原茎脱胶质量的影响

亚麻原茎收获后需要经过水沤或雨露脱胶以制取纤维,但这2种方法耗时长、有污染,本文利用射频介电加热进行亚麻原茎脱胶。为研究射频脱胶方法,明确脱胶介质与功率、温度和处理时长对亚麻脱胶质量的影响方式,进行了3组对比试验,脱胶质量则通过脱胶效果和纤维力学性能两类指标进行综合评价。通过组内与组间麻茎失重率的分析得出,无水射频较有水射频脱胶会增加脱胶效果;并且不管何种脱胶介质,增加射频功率、温度和处理时长都会改善脱胶效果。通过亚麻纤维力学性能的比较分析得出,相比于原麻纤维,无水射频频脱胶后纤维的拉伸性能显著降低(P<0.05),而有水射频脱胶时增加温度和处理时长则有使拉伸强度增大的趋势。综合考量,亚麻原茎短时水沤后采用有水射频脱胶能够获得较优的脱胶质量,可以成为一种亚麻原茎绿色、高效的增值化处理方法。

Modelling of microwave assisted hot-air drying and microstructural study of oilseeds

A modelling study was performed to solve the heat and mass transfer problems between grain and the ambient air encountered during drying by microwave assisted hot-air dryer,under low microwave(MW)density of 0.2 W/g.Canola(Brassica napus),soybean(Glycine max)and corn(Zea mays)seeds were chosen due to their inherent high oil content.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)was used to study the effect of drying conditions on the structural characteristics of these oilseeds.A mathematical model was adapted to simulate drying of one seed of canola,soybean and corn.The process of water transfer was modelled based on the effect of vapour pressure on the water molecules inside the seed.It was observed that when the difference between the vapour pressure inside the grain and the surrounding air was higher than,the drying rate increased which led to cracks in the grain.Results showed that the drying rate decreased when the temperature of air inside the cavity of the microwave increased for all the oilseeds studied,because of the reduced differential vapour pressure between the grain and the ambient air.On the other hand,the drying rate increased if the temperature of the inlet air was reduced because the difference between the two pressures increased.It was concluded that by controlling the ambient air,the grains could be protected against popping and cracking because of lower vapour pressure differential during MW assisted hot-air drying.