Background:Endemicity of lymphatic filariasis(LF)in Cambodia was proven in 1956 when microfilariae were detected in mosquitos in the Kratiéprovince.In 2001,an extensive study confirmed the presence of both Brugia...Background:Endemicity of lymphatic filariasis(LF)in Cambodia was proven in 1956 when microfilariae were detected in mosquitos in the Kratiéprovince.In 2001,an extensive study confirmed the presence of both Brugia malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae.In 2003,the Ministry of Health established a national task force to develop policies and strategies for controlling and eliminating neglected tropical diseases(NTDs),with the goal of eliminating LF by 2015.This article summarizes the work accomplished to eliminate LF as a public health problem in Cambodia.Methods:The National Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis made excellent progress in the goal towards elimination due to strong collaboration between ministries,intensive supervision by national staff,and advocacy for mobilization of internal and external resources.Mass drug administration(MDA)with diethylcarbamazine citrate and albendazole was conducted in six implementation units,achieving>70%epidemiological coverage for five consecutive rounds,from 2005 to 2009.In 2006,in 14 provinces,healthcare workers developed a line list of lymphedema and hydrocele patients,many of whom were>40 years old and had been affected by LF for many years.The national program also trained healthcare workers and provincial and district staff in morbidity management and disability prevention,and designated health centers to provide care for lymphedema and acute attack.Two reference hospitals were designated to administer hydrocele surgery.Results:Effectiveness of MDA was proven with transmission assessment surveys.These found that less than 1%of school children had antigenemia in 2010,which fell to 0%in both 2013 and 2015.A separate survey in one province in 2015 using Brugia Rapid tests to test for LF antibody found one child positive among 1677 children.The list of chronic LF patients was most recently updated and confirmed in 2011-2012,with 32 lymphoedema patients and 17 hydrocele patients listed.All lymphedema patients had been trained on self-management and all hydrocele patients had been offered free surgery.Conclusions:Due to the success of the MDA and the development of health center capacity for patient care,along with benefits gained from socioeconomic improvements and other interventions against vector-borne diseases and NTDs,Cambodia was validated by the World Health Organization as achieving LF elimination as a public health problem in 2016.展开更多
基金The LF MDA and monitoring and evaluation activities were supported by the MoH,the WHO,the Cambodia Second Health Sector Support Program,and through the United States Agency for International Development(USAID)the END in Asia Project led by FHI 360(AID-OAA-A-10-00051)+1 种基金The writing of the dossier and article was made possible in part thanks to the generous support of the American people through the USAID(https://www.usaid.gov/)and the ENVISION project led by RTI International(AID-OAAA-11-00048)The authors’views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the USAID or the US government.
文摘Background:Endemicity of lymphatic filariasis(LF)in Cambodia was proven in 1956 when microfilariae were detected in mosquitos in the Kratiéprovince.In 2001,an extensive study confirmed the presence of both Brugia malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae.In 2003,the Ministry of Health established a national task force to develop policies and strategies for controlling and eliminating neglected tropical diseases(NTDs),with the goal of eliminating LF by 2015.This article summarizes the work accomplished to eliminate LF as a public health problem in Cambodia.Methods:The National Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis made excellent progress in the goal towards elimination due to strong collaboration between ministries,intensive supervision by national staff,and advocacy for mobilization of internal and external resources.Mass drug administration(MDA)with diethylcarbamazine citrate and albendazole was conducted in six implementation units,achieving>70%epidemiological coverage for five consecutive rounds,from 2005 to 2009.In 2006,in 14 provinces,healthcare workers developed a line list of lymphedema and hydrocele patients,many of whom were>40 years old and had been affected by LF for many years.The national program also trained healthcare workers and provincial and district staff in morbidity management and disability prevention,and designated health centers to provide care for lymphedema and acute attack.Two reference hospitals were designated to administer hydrocele surgery.Results:Effectiveness of MDA was proven with transmission assessment surveys.These found that less than 1%of school children had antigenemia in 2010,which fell to 0%in both 2013 and 2015.A separate survey in one province in 2015 using Brugia Rapid tests to test for LF antibody found one child positive among 1677 children.The list of chronic LF patients was most recently updated and confirmed in 2011-2012,with 32 lymphoedema patients and 17 hydrocele patients listed.All lymphedema patients had been trained on self-management and all hydrocele patients had been offered free surgery.Conclusions:Due to the success of the MDA and the development of health center capacity for patient care,along with benefits gained from socioeconomic improvements and other interventions against vector-borne diseases and NTDs,Cambodia was validated by the World Health Organization as achieving LF elimination as a public health problem in 2016.
