Objective:Artificial neural networks(ANNs)are widely applied in medicine,since they substantially increase the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis,classification,and the prognosis of a medical condition.In th...Objective:Artificial neural networks(ANNs)are widely applied in medicine,since they substantially increase the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis,classification,and the prognosis of a medical condition.In this study,we constructed an ANN to evaluate several parameters of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy(ESWL),such as the outcome and safety of the procedure.Methods:Patients with urinary lithiasis suitable for ESWL treatment were enrolled.An ANN was designed using MATLAB.Medical data were collected from all patients and 12 nodes were used as inputs.Conventional statistical analysis was also performed.Results:Finally,716 patients were included in our study.Univariate analysis revealed that diabetes and hydronephrosis were positively correlated with ESWL complications.Regarding efficacy,univariate analysis revealed that stone location,stone size,the number and density of shockwaves delivered,and the presence of a stent in the ureter were independent factors of the ESWL outcome.This was further confirmed when adjusted for sex and age in a multivariate analysis.The performance of the ANN at the end of the training state reached 98.72%.The four basic ratios(sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value)were calculated for both training and evaluation data sets.The performance of the ANN at the end of the evaluation state was 81.43%.Conclusion:Our ANN achieved high score in predicting the outcome and the side effects of the ESWL treatment for urinary stones.展开更多
Dear Editor,Clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC)is a highly vascular tumor.Among surrogate markers that may reflect the neovasculature burden of ccRCC,prostate specific membrane antigen(PSMA)has emerged as a promisi...Dear Editor,Clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC)is a highly vascular tumor.Among surrogate markers that may reflect the neovasculature burden of ccRCC,prostate specific membrane antigen(PSMA)has emerged as a promising one,by virtue of its ability to be measured either immunohistochemically and transcriptionally or on positron emission tomography(PET)imaging[1,2].While the relationship between PSMA and neoangiogenesis in ccRCC is well established,the potential association between PSMA and the immune landscape of ccRCC is much less understood.展开更多
文摘Objective:Artificial neural networks(ANNs)are widely applied in medicine,since they substantially increase the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis,classification,and the prognosis of a medical condition.In this study,we constructed an ANN to evaluate several parameters of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy(ESWL),such as the outcome and safety of the procedure.Methods:Patients with urinary lithiasis suitable for ESWL treatment were enrolled.An ANN was designed using MATLAB.Medical data were collected from all patients and 12 nodes were used as inputs.Conventional statistical analysis was also performed.Results:Finally,716 patients were included in our study.Univariate analysis revealed that diabetes and hydronephrosis were positively correlated with ESWL complications.Regarding efficacy,univariate analysis revealed that stone location,stone size,the number and density of shockwaves delivered,and the presence of a stent in the ureter were independent factors of the ESWL outcome.This was further confirmed when adjusted for sex and age in a multivariate analysis.The performance of the ANN at the end of the training state reached 98.72%.The four basic ratios(sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value)were calculated for both training and evaluation data sets.The performance of the ANN at the end of the evaluation state was 81.43%.Conclusion:Our ANN achieved high score in predicting the outcome and the side effects of the ESWL treatment for urinary stones.
文摘Dear Editor,Clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC)is a highly vascular tumor.Among surrogate markers that may reflect the neovasculature burden of ccRCC,prostate specific membrane antigen(PSMA)has emerged as a promising one,by virtue of its ability to be measured either immunohistochemically and transcriptionally or on positron emission tomography(PET)imaging[1,2].While the relationship between PSMA and neoangiogenesis in ccRCC is well established,the potential association between PSMA and the immune landscape of ccRCC is much less understood.
